:^^^ ■■■'■■■ 



^^^- 
!:i<^:!^^ ^ 









',1m'.' ' 



§i5^ 






■>' 













p^-i 



iiilWi«liii;i!iliiili^!llsL(iSiiiii»iiliiiiK 



-1^ 



-^: 






^/( 



W^ 



V*. 



^r^t 






BI^/^DBiJI^Y'S 







\OP^^ulap^ 



AND 



A/|ertiory Worl^ of Pliarttiacy, 



BY 



Robert Bradbury. M. D. 



AUTHOR OF 



Bradbury's Medical Encyclopedia, Cox's Physiology, Etc., 

Etc., and Late Professor in the Manchester 

Literary and Mechanics' Institute, 

England, 



3^^ 




CHICAGO, ILLS.: 

Bradbury Publishing Company. 

1889. 



I 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year i88q. 

By ROBERT BRADBURY, M. D., 
In the Office cf the Librarian oC Congress, at ^Vashing.on. 



PREFACE. 

The following pages are intended to afford a com- 
pendious view of improved methods of preparing what 
are usually called '' Elegant Preparations." It is true 
that many others have attempted this same thing with 
considerable satisfaction to the druggistsof the United 
States. 

Still, a more general and fuller formulary, published 
at a reasonable price, cannot but be welcome to many ; 
the more so since the science of pharmacy is con- 
stantly changing, and new methods of manufacture 
continually coming to light. 

The formulae here given are in actual use at the 
present time in the best manufactories in the country. 
The book is the result of actual experience, and each 
and every formula can be relied on, to produce an ele- 
gant preparation, equal to any in the market. 

"We wish it, however, to be distinctly understood 
that we acknowledge the work as a compilation. - We 
claim but little originality or merit, except it be in 
brevity, precision and correctness. 

It will be found a great help to the memory, and to 
contain a fund of information of great value to every 
pharmacist and busy practitioner who may use it as a 
memory work of pharmacy. 



% *'i~'Tz^^rr** ®^ 



BRADBURY'S 

Unofficinal Formulary 



AND 



Memory Work of Pharmacy. 



CHAPTER 1. 



Table of Weights and Measures— Avoirdupois Weight. 

16 drachms (dr) make 1 ounce, written oz. or o. 

IG ounces " 1 pound, *' lb. 

25 pounds " 1 quarter, " qr. 

4 quarters " 1 hundred weight " cwt. 

20 hundred weights '' 1 ton " T. 

Note. — The standard avoirdupois pound of U. S. 
is the weight taken in air of 'Zl^oVoh cubic inches of dis- 
tilled water at a temperature of 39io6 degrees F., the 
barometer being at 30 inches. 

Medicines are usually bought and sold by this 
weight. 

The pound avoirdupois contains 7,000 grains. The 
ounce 4.31 2. 



TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



Troy Weight. 

24 grains (gr.) make 1 pennyweight, written pwt, 
20 pennyweight " 1 ounce, " oz. 

12 ounces " 1 pound, " lb. 

Eemakk. — The troy pound adopted by the U. S. is 
equal to the weight taken in air of 22/6^'^ cubic inches 
water. 

The pound troy contains 5760 grains. 

The ounce " '' 480 '' 



Apothecaries' Wei6;ht. 

20 grains (gr.) make 1 scruple, written B. 

3 scruples " 1 drachm, " 3. 

8 drachms '' 1 ounce, " ^. 

12 ounces " 1 pound, '^ lb. 

Eemakk. — In this weight, the pound, ounce and 
grain are the same as troy weight. 

It often happens that a druggist is called upon to 
change a quantity fiom one weight to its equivalent in 
another, which, at the best, is tedious. I append a 
rule for effecting such a change. 



To Change a Quantity from One Weight to its 
Equivalent in Another. 

EuLE. — Eeduce the given quantity to grains, and 
then find their value in denominations of the weight 
required. 



TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 7 

Suppose we wish to convert 13 lbs. 6 oz avoirdupois 
to troy weight ; we proceed thus : 
13 lbs. X 7000 equals 91000 grains. 
6 oz. X 437^ " 2625 ^' 



5760)9362oa6 lbs troy. 
5760 



36025 
34560 

1465 
12 



5760)17580(3 oz. 
1728 



300 
20 

5760)6000(1 pwt. 
5760 



240 
24 



5760)5760(1 gr 
5760 



Explanation. — We multiply 13 lbs. by 7,000, because 
there are 7,000 grains in a pound avoirdupois ; this 
gives us 91,000 grains. We multiply 6 oz. by 437i be- 
cause there are 4372 grains in an ounce avoirdupois ; 
this gives us 2625 grains. W^e now add 91,000 grains 
and 2625 grains, making a total of 93,625 grains. We 
now make our divisor 5760, because there are 5760 
grains in a pound, troy weight. 

Our remainder 1,465, wx multiply by 12, because 



8 TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

there are 12 ounces in a pound, troy. We multiply 
the remainder, 300, by 20 because there are 20 pwts in 
an ounce, and the remainder of 240 by 24 because 
there are 24 grains in a pwt. 

Given. — 16 lbs. 3 oz. 1 pwt. 1 gr. troy weight to find 
its equivalent in avoirdupois weight. Ans. 13 lbs 6 oz. 
16 lbs. X 5760 equals 92160 grains. 

3 oz. X 480 " 1440 '' 

1 pwt. 1 gr. '' 25 '^ 

1 lb. avoirdupois 7000 gr.)93625(13 lbs. 

7000 



23625 
21000 

2625 
16 



7000)42000(6 ounces. 
42000 



Table of Equivalents, 

1 lb. Av. equals 7000 grains==l lb. 2 oz. 11 pwt. 16 grs. 

Troy. 
1 lb. Tr. or Apoth. equals 5760 grains=13 oz. 2HI dr. 

Av. 
1 oz. Tr. or Apoth. equals 480 grains==l oz. IrVV dr. Av. 
1 oz. Av. equals 4371 grains=:18 pwts. 52 grs. Troy. 
1 dr. Apoth. equals 60 grains=2iV% dr. Avoirdupois. 
1 dr. Av. equals 273^ grains^l332 gr. Troy. 
1 pwt. Troy equals 24 grains=8fl dr. Avoirdupois. 
1 d Apoth. equals 20 grains^lii dr. Avoirdupois. 
1 5 Troy or Apoth. equals IsVs dr. Avoirdupois. 



TAP3LE OF WEIGHTS AXD MEASURES, 



Domestic Measure. 

A teacup is equal to 4 fluid ounces. 
A wineglass '' 2 " " 

A tablespoon *' j " ounce. 

A teaspoon *' 1 dram 



Rules'to Proportion the Doses of Medicine. 

In prescribing, the following circumstances should 
be kept in view: Age, sex, temperament, habit, cli- 
mate, the condition of the stomach and idiosyncrasy. 

For an adult, suppose the dose to be one dram- then. 

Under 1 year the dose would be iV dram. 



2 years 






3 " 






4 '' 






7 " 






14 " 






20 '' 







CHAPTER II. 



Metric System 

We. shall not attempt to enter into the merits or 
demerits of this system as applied to American Phar- 
macy, as enough has already been said on both sides 
of the question. We shall therefore place before you 
the system in its utmost simplicity, and in such away 
that he who runs may read. 

First then. The system is called metric because of 
its being founded on the meter as the unit of length. 
Now a meter is a line equal in length to the ten mil- 
lionth part of the earth's meridian from the pole to 
the equator. 

The names of the various measures and weights of 
the metric system are not difficult to remember. 
There are four prefixes derived from the Greek lan- 
guage, and three from the Latin, which placed before 
the unit of each denomination, constitute the entire 
language of the Metric System. They are as follows : 

From the Greek. — Myria, signifying 10,000 times. 



From the Latin.- 



Kilo, 




1,000 " 


Hecto, 




100 " 


Deka, 




10 " 


Deci, 




1-10 part. 


Centi, 




1-100 part. 


Milh, 




1-1,000 part. 



THE METRIC SYSTEM, 



I will now give you an example of the application 
of these prefixes : 

Myriameter — 10,000 meters. 
Kilometer — 1,000 meters. 
Hectometer — 100 meters. 
Dekameter — 10 meters. 
Meter — 1 meter. 
Decimeter — 1 10 meter. 
Centimeter — 1-100 meter. 
Millimeter — 1-100 meter. 
A meter is equal to 39.37079 inches. 

But the question you will very likely ask is this: 
Suppose I wish to instruct a carpenter to cut out a 
board one meter, how^ must I proceed? 

I would tell him to cut a slip of wood of the length 
of three feet, three inches, three eighths, then divide 
the wdiole into ten equal parts. I would then have a 
meter sufficiently correct for all practical purposes 
divided into decimeters and centimeters. 

The relation in whole numbers uetween the princi- 
pal linear measures of the English and Metric Systems 
are very simple, and sufficiently exact for practical 
purposes^lO meters=ll yards; and 64 meters=70 
yards. 

Passing on from linear measure, we will at once 
proceed to explain cubic measure. 

Your first effort will be to remember that the unit 
of volume in cubic measure is the liter, and the table 
formed in the usual w^ay. 

The Uteris a volume equal to the contents of a cube, 
each of whose sides is a decimeter (1-10 of a meter.) 



12 THE METRIC SYSTEM. 



Table of Cubic Measure. 

Mynaliter— 10,000 liters. Liter— 1 liter. 

Kiloliter— 1,000 liters. Deciliter— 1-10 liter. 
- Hectoliter— 100 liters. Centiliter— 1-100 liter. 

Dekaliter— 10 liters. Milliliter— 1-1000 liter. 

Remark. — The myrialiter, kilioliter and hectoliter 
are rarely, if ever used. 

The exact value of the liter in cubic inches is equal 
to 61.02705 c. inches, which is easily proven by remem- 
bering that a decimeter is 3.937079 inches ; by calcu- 
lating the cube of this number by continued multipli- 
cation, we arrive at the number, 61.02705. The simple 
relation connecting the cubic measure of the metric 
system with English liquid measure. 

The following will be found very nearly true, and 
sufficiently correct for all practical purposes : 1 gallon 
=4|- liters. . 

Passing from cubic measure, we next approach 
metric weights. 

In this table the unit of weight is the Gram. Now, 
a gram is the weight of a cubic centimeter of pure 
water taken at its greatest density. The density of 
water or weight which fills a given bulk, varies with 
its temperature or degree of heat. The greatest den- 
sity corresponds to the temperature of 40 degrees. 
The unit of weight being thus determined, we next 
append the table of metric weight. 



Table of Weight. 

Myriagram — 10,000 grams. 
Kilogram — 1,000 grams. 
Hectogram — 100 grams. 
Decagram — 10 grams. 
Gram — 1 gram. 



THE METRIC SYSTEM. 13 

Decigram — ilO gram. 
Centigram — 1-100 gram. 
Milligram — 1-1000 gram. 

Bemarh. — The gram is often written gramme^ and 
abbreviated into gvi. 

The myriagram is rarely, if ever used. 

The kilogram is used in business and commerce. 

To multiply or divide the different denominations of 
the metric system, the student must remember the 
following Greek prefixes : 

Deca — Ten, 1 

Hecto — One hundred, J> Multiplyers. 

Kilo — Thousand, J 

To divide, we use latin words. 

Deci — One-tenth, 1 

Centi — One-hundredth, } Dividers. 

Milly — One-thousanth, j 

Note. — In the practical working of a laboratory, the 
gramme (pronounced gram) and its divisions are used 
for weighing, and the cubic centimeter (c.c, or flui- 
gramme) for measuring liquids. A gramme and a 
cubic centimeter of distilled water are identical, but, 
owing to a greater or less density, cubic centimeters 
of other liquids weigh more or less than a gramme. 

PtULE F. Keduce each quantity to fluid ounces, and 
multiply the number by 32. The product is in each 
case the number of cubic centimeters representing 
nearly the same quantity. 

To ensure greater accuracy, if in any case deemed 
necessary, 8 per cent may be deducted from the an- 
swer arrived at by either of the rules D, E and F, re- 
ducing the error to less than 2i minims for every fluid 
ounce. 



14 THE METRIC SYSTEM. 

In applying the above rules for writing prescriptions, 
the metric quantities should be adjusted so as to be 
expressed in as simple decimal terms as msij be prac- 
ticable, without materially changing the dose or the 
character of the formulae. 

The terms " gramme " and " cubic centimeter " are 
generally abbreviated into Gm. and C. C. To pre- 
clude the possibility, in careless writing, however, of 
mistaking the sign " Gm/' for the sign " Gr." (grain), 
the number should invariably precede the sign, using 
the common Arabic numerals, thus: 10 Gm, 

In writing, the abbreviated metric denominations 
should al\^ays be underscored but the preceding 
number should not, as above. 

A few examples will suffice to illustrate the fore- 
going rules and suggestions : 

R.— Mur. Tine. Ferri. oii. 
Ohio. Potass. '^jii. 

Hyp s ulph at e S (1 a -^ j . 
Sul. Quinine Gr. xv. 

Aqua fs VIII. 

Would, in metric terms, be written : 

R._Mur. Tine. Fern. 8 Gm. See rule B. 
Ohio. Potass. 12 Gm. 

Hyposulphate Soda 4 Gm. 
Sul. Quinine 100 Gm^ '' A. 

Aqua 256.00 C.C. 

R. — Bromide Potass. ^ vi. 

Iodide Potass. Gr. vi. 

Aro. Spts. Ammoniae 5 jii. 
Infusion Col umbo f 5 vn. 
would, in metric terms, be written : 



THE METRIC SYSTEM. 



R. — Bromide Potass. 24 Gm. See rule B. 

Iodide Potass. 0.4 Gm. '' A. 

Aro. Spts. Ammonia 12 C.C. " E. 

Infusion Columbo 224 C.C. 
R. — Extract Coloc Comp. o jss. 
Coloc Acet. Gr. xy. 
' '' Digitalis Gr. yi. 

would, in metric terms, be written : 

R. — Extract Coloc Comp. 6 Gm. Rule B. 
Extract Coloc Acet. 0.8 Gm. " A. 
Extract Digitalis 0.4 Gm. '' '' 



Table for Converting Apothecaries' Weights and Measures 
Into Metric Weights. 





1 








SPECIFIC ] 


aEAVIEB 








apothecaries'' 


LIGHTER 






TKOT WEIGHT. 


GKAMMES. 


3IEASURES. 


rHAN WATER. 


GRAVITY 


THAN 












OP WATER. 


WATER. 


GRAINS. 




MINIMS. 








1^ 




.004 


1 


.005 


.06 


.08 


h 




.005 


2 


.10 


.12 


.15 


h 




.006 


3 


.16 


.18 


.24 


/8 




.008 


4 


22 


.24 


.32 


\ 




.010 


5 


*.28 


.3 


.40 


i 




.016 


6 


.32 


• 36 


.48 


i 




.02 


7 


.38 


.42 


.55 


\ 




.03 


8 


.45 


.5 


.65 


1 




.05 


9 


.50 


• 55 


.73 


1 




.065 


10 


.55 


•6 


.80 


2 




.13 


12 


.65 


.72 


.96 


3 




.20 


14 


.76 


• 85 


1.12 


4 




.26 


15 


.80 


.90 


1.20 


5 




.32 


16 


.90 


1.00 


1.32 


6 




.39 


20 


1.12 


1.25 


1.60 


7 




.47 


25 


1.40 


1.55 


2 00 


8 




.52 


30 


1.70 


1.90 


2.50 


9 




.59 


35 


2.00 


2.20 


2.90 


10 




.65 


40 


2.25 


2..50 


3 30 


12 




.78 


48 


2.70 


3.00 


4.00 


14 




.90 


50 


2.80 


3.12 


4.15 


15 




1.00 


60 (f 3 J) 


3.40 


3.75 


5 00 


16 




1.05 


65 


3.60 


4.00 


5 30 


18 




1.18 


72 


4.05 


4.05 


6 00 


20 




13 


80 


4.50 


5.00 


6;65 


24 




1.5 


90 (f 3 iss) 


5.10 


5.60 


7..50 


30 




1.95 


96 


5.40 


6.00 


8.00 


32 




2.1 


100 


5.60 


6.25 


8 30 


36 




2.3 


120 (f 3 Ji) 


6 75 


7..50 


10.00 


40 




2.6 


loO f 3 3 iss 


8.50 


9..50 


12 50 


45 




3.0 


160 


9.00 


10.00 


13 30 


50 




3.2 


180 f 3 jii 


10.10 


11.25 


15 00 


60 




3.9 


210 f 3 jii 


11.80 


13.00 


17 50 


70 




4.55 


240 f 3 IV 


13.50 


15.00 


20.00 


80 9 
90 3 

100 9 

110 9 

120 3 
150 3 

180 3 
240 .^ 
300 3 
360 3 
420 3 
480 g 


IV 


5.2 


f ov'' 


16.90 


18.75 


25.00 


iss 


5.9 


f 3 vss 


18.60 


20.75 


27 50 


V 


6.5 


f 3 VI 


20.25 


22.50 


30.00 


vss 


7.1 


f 3 VII 


23.60 


26.25 


35.00 




7.80 


t 3 VIII (f SI) 


27.00 


30.00 


40 00 


iiss 


9.75 


f 3 IX 


30.40 


33.75 


45.00 


iii 


11.65 


f ox 


33.75 


37.50 


50.00 


ss 


15.5 


f 3 XII 


40.50 


45.00 


60.00 


V 


19.4 


f 3 XIV 


47.25 


52.50 


70.00 


YI 


23.3 


f iii 


54.00 


60 00 


80-00 


VII 


27.2 


f % jiss 


67.50 


75 00 


100-00 


1 

11 
IV 


3l!l 


f % iii 


81.00 


90.00 


120.00 


62.2 


f 3 iiiss 


94.00 


105.00 


14000 


124.4 


f 5 IV 


108.00 


120.00 


160.00 



KoTE.— A few liquids like ether, chloroform, and sulphuric acid 
caunot be said to belong to any class, and therefore not represented 
in the above list. 



THERMOMETRY. 

Memory Work. 

Heat is that which produces in us the sensation of 
warmth. 

Temperature is that energy by which one body 
seeks to impart its heat to another. Thus the tem- 
perature of a body is no indication of the real quantity 
of heat in the body. Equal weights of mercury 
and water may have the same "temperature" and yet 
the water will contain nearly thirty times more heat 
or caloric than the metal. Therviovieters are measures 
of temperature, not of heat. High temperatures are 
measured by pyrometers; extremely low temperatures 
by alcohol thermometers, while mercurial thermom- 
eters are used for the intermediate ordinary tem- 
peratures. 

These instruments depend for their action upon the 
fact that all bodies, with the rise and fall of their tem- 
perature, expand and contract. 

The pyrometer of practical use is known as Daniel's 
and consists of a platinum bar inclosed in a tube of 
black-lead closed at the bottom. The whole is then 
placed in the fire, or in a mass of melted metal whose 
temperature it is desirable to ascertain. The platinum 
expands more than the case which encloses it and 
projecting upward moves a lever which drives forward 
an index over a graduated arc. 

Mercury is chiefly used for thermometers for five 
reasons : — 

1st. It is easily got pure, for mercury can be dis- 
tilled like water. 

2nd. It does not stick to the glass. 



i8 THERMOMETRY. 



3rd. It has a long range, freezing at-40' C. and 
boiling at 350" Cent. 

4tli. It expands uniformly — that is it increases as 
much in bulk if heated from 50' to 60' as it will from 
150^ to 160^\ 

5th. Having a low capacity for heat, its tempara- 
ture soon changes ; it is therefore very sensative. 

Thermometers are graduated according to three 
scales. Fahrenheit's Scale, wiiich is best known in 
England and the United States, devides the space be- 
tween the two fixed points — the freezing and boiling 
point of water— into 180^. Fahrenheit fixed as his 
zero (0^) the temperature which had been observed at 
Dantzic in 1709, and which he found could always 
be reproduced by mixing salt and snow together. He 
therefore though erroneously concluded that this was 
nature's zero. He computed that his instrument con- 
tained at 0^, 11,121 parts ; hence he divided the space 
between zero and the freezing point of water into 32- 
parts (11.156—11.124=32. From this point to boil- 
ing point contained 180 of these degrees ; therefore 
212 indicates the boiling point of water. It was Fah- 
renheit who first used mercury for* purposes of 
Thermometry. 

The Centigrade Scale was introduced by the Swedish 
philospher Celsius, who was a professor at Upsal. In 
it the freezing point is zero and the boiling point is 100^ 

This scale is the one generally used in the scientific 
world. 

Reaumers Scale was proposed by a French philoso- 
pher of that name in 1731. His thermometers w^ere 
constructed with alcohol of such a strength that 1,000 
parts at the freezing point of water became 1,080 
at its boiling point. Hence the intervals between the 
two fixed points was divided into 80.^ It is quite evi- 



ther:\iometry. 19 

dent that these scales are arhitrary, and that we have 
but two fixed points. It is therefore necessary to de- 
termine these before the instrument can be graduated. 

To Find the Freezing Point of Water — Water does not 
always freeze at the same temperature. If water be 
gradually reduced in temperature, and be kept per- 
fectly still 3 or4 degrees below 0^' Cent may be reached 
before the ice will begin ' to form ; but ice 
invariably melts at a fixed temperature. Therefore 
immerse the thermometer in melting ice and mark the 
point to which the mercury falls. 

To Convert degrees of One Scale into another. 

Since 180^ Fahr.=100 Cent.=80 Eeaumer. 

Therefore 1 '' = 9 Cent.= t Eeaumer. 

The reason of the following rules will be at once 
evident. 

To transfer Fahr. degrees to the other scales sub- 
tract 32' in order that the number of degrees from 
the freezing point may be ascertained. These mul- 
tiplied by I will give the equivalent number of Cent- 
igrade, and by 9 the required Eeaumer degrees. 

To reduce Centigrade and Eeumer degrees to the 
Fahrenheit scale multiply by 5 and I respectively and 
add 32^. 

If the temperature be below the zero in anyof the 
scales a minus ( — ) is placed before the number, 
thus, — S"" Fahrenheit means 37*^ below freezing. 

In verifying the following the student will become 
expert in these conversions. 



Fahr. 


Cent. 




Eeau. 


18o~ 


85^ 


=r 


68= 


158^ 


70= 


= 


56= 


126= 


52.2 = 





41.7^ 


5^ 


—lb' 


=1 


—12= 


^13^ 


—25 





—20= 


—39^ 


-39.4= 


= 


—31.5^ 



THERMOMETRY. 



In a good thermometer the mercury ought to run 
to the end of the tube with a "chck" when it is 
inverted proving the absence of air and completely 
fill the tube ; and when placed in melting ice, the 
mercury ought to stand at 0° 

A thermometer does not give us the absolute ex- 
pansion of the mercury, but the difference between 
the expansion of mercury and that of the glass. 

Mercury expands about seven times more than 
glass. 



SPECIFIC GRAVITY. 

Memory WorkSo 

It is a well known fact that different substances 
contain different quantities of matter in the same bulk. 
If we take a number of one inch cubes of various bod- 
ies as for example cork, oak, iron, stone, etc., and care- 
fully weigh them we shall find that they difi'er very 
greatly in their weight. The cork will weigh about 
60 grains, the oak about 190, while the iron will weigh 
4i- ozs. But though there is this difference, we 
shall find that a cubic inch of any one substance 
always weighs nearly the same. If then we could 
procure equal blocks of all substances, and note 
their weights we could form a table of densities. The 
advantage of this would be very great. Sometimes we 
have a large block of known size, and we wish to know 
the weight, or we may want to know how much space a 
weight of any substance would occuj^y, and all given 
questions could be solved from this table. It is how- 
ever impossible to procure such blocks of many sub- 
stances on account of their shape or physical proper- 
ties, and many other bodies are too small or too valu- 
able. We cannot then, compare their densities in this 
way but we may take some substances as a standard, 
and compare the weights of all others with this. 

Now any substance might be chosen for this pur- 
pose, the main. requisites being that it shall be easily 
procurable in a state of x^irity, and easy of manipula- 
tion. Water has been chosen as the standard, and is 
found to answer well. When therefore we speak of 



22 SPECIFIC GRAVITY. 

the specific gravity of any body we mean this— the 
proportion which exists between its weight and that of 
an equal bulk of distilled water at a temperature of 60.° 

The reason why we thus jix on a certain temperature 
is that water expands by heat, and therefore a cubic 
inch of hot water weighs less than an equal bulk of 
cold. The temperature of 60^ is chosen merely as a 
matter of convenience, that being about the average, 
and therefore involving less trouble. When then we 
say the specific gravity of mercury is 13.6 we mean 
that any amount of mercury weighs 13.6 times as much 
as an equal bulk of distilled vrater at 60 \ Now the 
weight of a cubic inch of distilled water is 
252' grains ; a cubic inch of mercury therefore weighs 
252.^X13.6 or 252.5X13.6 equals 3434 grains, which is 
nearly 8 ounces. We can in this way, if we know the 
specific gravity of a body, tell the weight of any bulk 
of it. Questions like the following frequently occur 
and can thus be solved : What is the weight of a 
block of coal 3 ft. long by 5 ft. high, 4 ft. thick the 
specific gravity of coal bring 1.270. 

Since the specific gravity of the coal is 1.270 the 
weight of a cubic foot is 1.270 times that of any equal 
bulk of water ; but a cubic foot of water weighs about 
1,000 ounces ; a cubic foot of coal must then weigh 1,270 
ounces . Now the total bulk of the coal is 60 cubic 
feet. Its weight therefore is 60X1,270 ounces or 76,200 
ounces, equals 4,7625 pounds. 

Again, strong oil of Vitriol has a specific 
gravity of 1.850. How much will 6 lbs. measure. 

A flaid ounce of water weighs one ounce Aver- 
dupois ; 6 lbs. of water then would measure 96 ounces, 
but since oil of vitriol is heavier than it in the propor- 
tion of 1.850 to 1000 it will measure proportionately 
less ; hence the following proportion will give us the 



SPECIFIC GRAVITY. 



bulk. As 1.850: 1000: : 96. In working this out we 
shall find the vitriol will measure 51.89 ounces. This 
subject of specific gravity is very essential to the full 
understanding of Chemistry and Pharmacy and not 
very difiicult to understand when we know or remem- 
ber a few simple rules. 

Tlie Specific Gravity of Liquids. Procure a glass 
bottle capable of holding exactiy 1000 grains of dis- 
tilled water and weigh it and note the exact weight. 
Now remove the water and let its place be supplied 
with the liquid whose specific gravity we wdsh to de- 
termine and the bottle and the contents again weighed. 

The lu eight of the fluids divided by the weight of the 
water gives the specific gravity required. Thus a bottle 
holding 1,000 grains of distilled water, will hold 1,028 
of sea water and 1,845 grains of Sulphuric acid. 

The details of an actual experiment will make this 
clear. 

A sample of Nitric acid was taken of which it was 
desired to ascertain the specific gravity. A small 
bottle was first putin the scales and found to weigh 
80 grains. On being filled with the acid it weighed 
159 grains. The acid was next emptied out, the bottle 
rinsed and filled to the same height with water, the 
weight being then 136 grams. Now since the bottle 
weighed 80 we subtract this amount from its weight 
when filled with the different liquids, and thus see 
that the water in the bottle weighed 56 grains. We 
then have the following equation as 56: 79: : 1: 1.41 
sp. gr. of Nitric Acid. 



CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE. 

Memory Work. 

By an element, we mean one which has never been 
derived from, spht up, or separated into any other kind 
of matter, as sulphur, gold, silver, iron, oxygen, hydro- 
gen, are examples of simple substances or elements. 
We are acquainted with 62. 

A Compound Body is one that can be separated into 
two or more elements, or simple substances. 

An Atom a particle of matter which can not be sub- 
divided. 

Molecule, a particle of matter supposed to be formed 
of several atoms united together. 

A Salt is a com.pound of an Acid and a base. 

An Acid, a body possessing a sour taste, and will 
redden litmus paper and vegetable blues. 

All substances are acids which enter into combina- 
tion with bases to form salts. 

A Base is a body which will combine with an acid 
to form a salt. 

Acids which end in ic make salts which end in ate. 

Sulphuric Acids make Sulphates. 

Nitric Acid makes Nitrate. 

Those which end in ous make salts ending in ite. 
Sulphurous Acid m.akes Sulphite; Nitrous Acids Ni- 
trates. And it will be well to remember that the acids 
in ous have an atom less oxygen than those in ic. 

Salts may be formed by the replacement of the hy- 
drogen in the acid by an atom of metal. Some metals 
are capable of replacing 1 atom of hydrogen, some 2, 



CHEMICAL XOMEXCLATURE. 



some 3, and others 4. They are said to be respect- 
ively : Monatomic, diatomic, thatomic, andtetratomic, 
and the most important may be arranged thus : 

Monatomic— Potassium, Sodium Silver. 

Diatomic. — Bariim, Calcium, Copper, Iron, Lead, 
Manganese, Mercury, Zinc. 

Triatomic— x\luminnm, Antimony, Arsenic and 
Gold. 

Tetratomic. — Platinum and Tin. 

The above are the chief metals we must remember : 



Oxides 

H, 

(Water) 


Sulphates 

H3S0, 

(Sulphuric 
Acid) 


Nitrates 

HNO3 

Nitric 

Acid 

1 


Chlorides 
H C L 1 
Hydrochloric 
Acid ' 


ChloratesI 

HCEO3 

Chloric 

Acid 


Sulphides 

H.. S 
Sulphuret- 
ted 
Hydrogen 


K3O 
potash 
CuO 
As,03 
Sn 0^ 


Xa, S 0, 

Cu S 0, 

Bi^ 3S 0, 

Sn 2SO, 


KNO3 

Zn2N03 
Au 3NO3 


AgCL 

FeCL, 
Au CL3 
Pt CL^ 


KCLO3 
Fe2CL03 


Ag. S 

Sb, s, 

etc. 



In the above table we have five columns of types. 

If we take for the type of the oxides, water H^ 
(the oxide of hydrogen), and should be asked the 
formula for oxide of potassium, or potash, you will 
find it very easy if you commit to memory the type 
and elements that belong to the monatomic, diatomic, 
tri atomic and tetratomic. 

In the present case Potassium is monatomic, and 
remembering the type H, O, we put in place of H,, K.,. 
It will therefore stand K, 0. If we want to write the 
oxide of gold, the H must be in a multiple of 3; there- 
fore take 3 atoms of H^ O, and we have 3 H, O, or 
Hg O3 Now gold is triatomic, 1 atom being capable 
of replacing 3 of H, hence the oxide of gold=Au, O3. 
Tin is tetratomic, we must therefore have the dydro- 
gen in 4 atoms, or a multiple of 4: 211, O, orH, 0,. 



26 CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE. 

Now 1 atom of Sn (tin) replaces H^, hence we write 
the oxide of tin Sn O^. 

The mode of constructing the tahle will be easily 
understood, and the student should accustom himself 
to write the formulas of all the salts of the metals, the 
simple rule being : Take the acid of the required salt, 
and for its hydrogen substitute the equivalent number 
of atoms of the metal. The types which are placed at 
the head of the columns are the compounds of hydro- 
gen, in some cases acids. 

Occasionally other terms are used, but their mean- 
ing is at once obvious. 

Binoxide means an oxide in which are 2 atoms of 
oxygen, Sn O^. In a sesquioxide the oxygen is in the 
proportion of Ij (sesqui) Fe^ O3 Sesquioxide of Iron. 

The mode of naming any of the above given exam- 
ples is to name the metal, and then the salt, Cu S 0^= 
Copper Sulphate Au 3 N 03=Gold Nitrate. 



CHAPTER III. 



AQU^-WATERS. 

Memory Work. 

Definition. — An aqua or water is an aqueous solu- 
tion of a volatile substance. There are fourteen 
officinal waters recognized by the U. S. Pharma- 
copoeia, prepared by five methods and divided into 
four classes. 

1st method — Solution in cold water. 

2d " — Solution in hot water. 

3d " — Filtration throughimpregnated cotton. 

4th " —Distillation. 

oth ' ' -Filtration through an impregnated powder. 

Officinal. — Aqua Amara, Aqua Creasoti, Aqua 
Ammonia, Ammonia Fortior, Chlori. Aqua Anisi, 
Camphorse, Cinnamoni, Foenculi, Mentha Piperitoe, 
Mentha Veridis. Aqua Aurantii Florum, Distillata 
Kosae. For complete methods see Eemington's Phar- 
macy. 

Remaees. — In making artificial waters never rub 
essential oils with magnesia, as, from its slight solu- 
bility in water, the magnesia might precipitate alka- 
loids or phosphates from a mixture. Rab the oil with 
a little powdered pumice-stone or pure phosphate of 
calcium. 

Distilled TFaz'^?' should always be used in dispensing, 
since the impurities of tap or spring water give a very 



AQUyE— WATERS. 



different appearance to some mixtures. Tinct. lavand. 
CO. gives a bright mixture with distilled, but a muddy 
one with tap water. Tinct. card. co. produces with 
distilled water a reddish-brown color, but with tap 
water a brilliant crimson, as though ammonia had been 
added. 

Distilled water is recommended to be used in the 
making of all pharmaceutical preparations, but the 
aqua of the B. P. is natural water, the purest that can 
be obtained, cleared, if necessary, by filtration . If the 
infusion of gentian be made with plain water, the 
result will be that the lime mostly present in ordinary 
water, coming in contact with the ammonia, will ren- 
der the mixture slightly turbid and give a lime deposit, 
as carbonate, on the sides of the bottle. 

Artificial Waters. — If obliged to make artificial 
waters never rub ess. oil with magnesia, as, from its 
slight solubility in water, tlie magnesia nhght precipi- 
tate alkaloids or phosphates from a mixture. It may be 
detected by rubbing a small portion of calomel in a 
mortar with the suspected water ; if magnesia be pres- 
ent the calomel is partly converted into black oxide. 
The best way is to rub the oil with a little powdered 
pumice-stone, or kaolin or fuller's earth wotild do. 

The distilled waters of the Pharmacopoeia are of 
course kept, in stock, but the process given in oar 
U. S. P., where the essential oil is directed to be added 
to a proper quantity of cotton, tearing and mixing 
thoroughly, and then packing tightly into a percolator 
and pouring on the necessary amount of water. This 
gives a preparation little inferior to water prepared by 
distillation. 

Camphor. 

This is best mixed with water by rubbing it to a fine 
powder with a few drops of alcohol, then mixing it 



UNOFFICINAT. WATERS. 29 

with three times it weight of powdered gum-arabic, 
then adding the water gradually. Camphor may be so 
prepared as to be miscible in water by the following 
method : 

Make a definite solution of camphor, the more con- 
centrated the better, in sp. vini rect. Make a second 
spirituous solution of equal parts of spirit vini rect. 
and distilled water. Allow the mixture to stand so as 
to become perfectly cool. Add the camphorated al- 
cohol in any fixed proportion, say 1 to 4, 1 to 8 to the 
quasi proof spirit. The resulting essence will bo found 
miscible in water, and the dose of camphor accurately 
administered. 



UNOFFICINAL WATERS. 

Distilled Water. 

Take 10 gallons of spring water; distill it, rejecting 
the first quart that comes over, and preserving the 8 
gallons of the remainder. 

Camphor Water. 

Take i ounce of camphor and enclose it with a glass 
marble in a muslin bag, put this into a wide-mouthed 
bottle, such a one as is used for preserving. Now fill 
up the bottle with water that has boiled a few minutes 
and has been allowed to become cold. The glass mar- 
ble is used to keep the camphor from floating, which 
it otherwise would do. After about three days the 
water will become saturated with the camphor and 
may be poured ofi as required. 

Lime Water. 

Take Lime, 2 ounces. 

Distilled Water, 2 quarts. 
Slack the lime with a little of the water, pour on 
the remainder of the water and stir them together, 



30 UXOFFICIXAL WATERS. 

then immediately cover the vessel and let it remain 4 
hours. Keep the solution with the .undissolved lime 
in glass-stopped hottles, and when wanted for use pour 
off the clear liquor. 

Tar Water, 
Mix the tar with sand, previously washed and dried, 
throw the mixture into a percolator and shake the in- 
strument gently to secure proper adjustment of the 
mixture. Water is then poured on ; the first part of 
the filtrate is rejected and the latter portion is kept 
for use. About i ounce of tar and 26 ounces of sand 
to obtain 2 pints of the medicated water. 

Lobelia Water. 

Lobelia Powder, 1 ounce. 
Boiling Water, j pint. 

Brandy, i 

Infuse a week. Good in erysipelas, inflamed eyes, 
ringworms, etc. 

Saline Mixture. 

Fresh Lemon Juice, I2 ounces. 
Carbonate Potassa, 1 drachm. 
White Sugar, 3 

Pure Water, 12 ounces. 

Essence Peppermint 30 drops. 
Use. In sore throats, fevers, etc. 
Dose, a teacupful. 

Rose Water. 

Pale Kose, 48 troy ounces. 
Water, 16 pints. 

Mix them. 
Distill 8 pints. When ifc is desirable to keep the 
rose for some time before distilling, it may be pre- 
served by being well mixed with half its weight of 
common salt. 



UNOFFICIXAL WATERS. 31 



Vanilla Water. 

Yanilla in coarse Powder, 1 poiiud. 
Salt 5 '' 

Water, 22 gallons. 

Macerate for 24 hours, then distill over rapidly 1 
gallon. 

Aromatic Perfumed Waters. 

Instead of preparing the waters directly from the 
essential oils an essence may be made by dissolving 1 
imperial fluid ounce of the essential oil in 9 fluid 
ounces of rectified spirits ; 2 imperial fluid drachms of 
the essence, agitated briskly for some time with 1 
imperial pint of distilled water and filtered through 
wet filtering paper, will make a good perfumed water. 
Cooley says this is an excellent formula for extempo- 
raneous waters. 



CHAPTER IV. 



SOLUTIONS- 

Memory Work. 

Definition. — A liquor or solution is an aqueous 
solution of a non-volatile substance, except syrups, 
infusions and decoctions. There are 26 officinal liq- 
uors — 11 simple and 16 chemical (aqueous). See Eem- 
ington's Pharmacy. 

Solutions are generally placed under two heads — 
Simple Solutions, alid Complex or Chemical Solu- 
tions. 

A Simple Solution is where the dissolved body may 
be recovered without undergoing any chemical change 
in the evaporation of the solvent, or by its removal in 
any way. 

A Complex Solution is where a body undergoes 
some chemical alteration, either in composition or 
decomposition. 

"Hot liquids dissolve substances," says Parrish, 
" with greater facility than cold, except Lime, its cit- 
rate and acetate, and Chloride of Sodium." The term 
saturated^ when used in Pharmacy, signifies that an 
acid is neutralized by an alkali, or vice versa, or, in 
other words, that an equivalent proportion of one sub- 
stance has combined with an equivalent portion of 



SOLUTIONS. 33 



another, for which it has an affinity; they are then 
said to have saturated each other. 

Solutions are not confined to sohds, for one 
hquid roay dissolve another, as, for instance, Ether in 
Water, and Essential Oils in Alcohol. When no 
chemical combination takes place, volume and tem- 
perature remain unaltered, while in chemical combina- 
tions a rise in temperature and a condensation in vol- 
ume is observed. 

Water with strong alcoliol and concentrated acids 
furnishes an example. 

Solutions of Scale Preparations. — In making solu- 
tions of salts it may be mentioned that it is better not 
to dissolve them in the bottle. The '' scale " prepara- 
tions are an exception to this. They can with care be 
readily and easily dissolved in the bottle in which they 
are to be dispensed. A little of the water or aqueous 
vehicle should be put into the bottle first, being care- 
ful not to wet the neck, or, should this be done, it 
should be dried with a cloth, else the scale prepara- 
tions will adhere to this moisture and block the 
admission of the salt into the bottle. A solution is 
readily formed if the salt falls upon the water and is 
quickly agitated. 

The Solubility of Some Salts in Water. 

A knowledge of the saturating power of many salts 
more commonly used is often of importance and inva- 
riably saves time, temper and waste of material in 
dispensing. Unfortunately, few of the text books 
agree to any extent with each other, and fewer still 
with our own observation of the saturating power of 
any individual salt. The following are therefore given 
after careful experiment, and will probably prove use- 
ful in the daily routine of the pharmacist : 



34 


SOLUTIONS 








Alum (cryst.) 




38 gr. 


to 1 oz. 


water 


00^ F. 


Chloride of Ammonium, 


150 ' 


i a 






Boracic Acid, 




18 ' 


i u 






Borax (crysfc.) 




18 ' 


( a 






Sulphate Copper, 




155 ' 


i. li 






Bi-carb Potass, 




130 ' 


i u 






Chlorate Potass, 




25 ' 


i a 






Bi-carb Soda, 




40 ' 


c n 






Phosphate Soda (cryst.) 


80 ' 


i u 






Gallic Acid, 




5 ' 


( u 






Sulph. Zinc, 




1 oz. 


u 







Solvent Powers of Glycerine. 

Parts. 

Arsenious Acid 20. 

Arsenic Acid 20. 

Benzoic Acid 10. 

Boracic Acid 10. 

Oxalic Acid 15. 

Tannic Acid 50. 

Alum 40. 

Carbonate Ammonia 20. 

Muriate of Ammonia 20. 

Tartrate of Antimony and Potassa 5.50 

Atropia 3. 

Sulphate of Atropia 33. 

Chloride of Barium 10. 

Brucia 2.25 

Sulphide Calcum 05 

Quinine 50 

Sulphate of Quinine 6.70 

Tannate of Quinia 25 

Acetate of Copper 10. 

Sulphate of Copper 30. 

Tartrate Iron and Potassa • 8. 

Lactate of Iron 1.06 



SOLUTIONS. 35 



Sulphate of Iron 2.05 

Corrosive Sublimate 7.50 

Cyanide of Mercury 27. 

Iodine ,... 1.90 

Morphia 45 

Acetate of Morphia 20. 

Muriate of Morphia 20. 

Phosphorous 20 

Acetate of Lead 20. 

Arseniate of Potassa 50. 

Chlorate of Potassa 3.50 

Bromide of Potassa 25. 

Cyanide of Potassium , . 82. 

Iodide of Potassium 40. 

Arseniate of Soda 50. 

Bi-carbonate of Soda 8. 

Borate of Soda 60. 

Carbonate of Soda 98 

Chlorate of Soda 20. 

Sulphur ; 10 

Strychnine 25 

Glycerine 

Is a useful and powerful solvent, acting at the same 
time as an antiseptic. It is largely used as a sweeten- 
ing agent in mixtures, especially those containing per- 
chloride of iron. It is the best and most appropriate 
solvent and preservative of the pancreatic ferments, 
and reputed to have the power of preventing the gela- 
tination of tincture of kino ; pill-masses containing a 
little glycerine do not harden, but care must be taken 
to avoid excess, as too much makes the pills hygros- 
copic. 

For dispensing, it is best kept diluted with an equal 
volume of water, as then it is easily poured, and loss 
bv adhesion to the measure much reduced. 



36 SOLUTIONS. 



Sugar 

Dissolves easily in water, but does not immediately 
yield a clear solution. In its place, simple syrup in 
the proper proportion may be used. — Hager. 

Sulphate of Quinine Solution. When no Acid is 
ordered in a prescription to dissolve the Quinine the 
latter should be rubbed down with the water and , a 
little Mucilage. " It has become the custom in such 
cases to add to the Sulphate an equal quantity of 
Dilute Sulphuric Acid to effect sohition; unless 
instructions to the contrary are added." — Hager. 

When Licorice is to be combined with Quinine, the 
former should be first dissolved in ten times its weight 
of water and the solution of Quinine added as both the 
Alkaloid and the Acid tend to decompose the Licorice. 
If the vehicle does not admit of this solution the qui- 
nine with a little Hydrochloric Acid must be rubbed 
down in a mortar with the Licorice and the vehicle 
added little by little. — Hager. 

Although the authority of ^' Hager'' is great, still 
the custom is doubtful, and to dissolve the Quinine 
unless so ordered is certainly not admissible, except 
when it is known that the prescriber wishes acid to be 
added, in which case a note to that effect should be 
made on the prescription by the dispenser. 

Iodine is only slightly dissolved in water, but Iodide 
of Potassium would make three-quarters of its own 
weight soluble. Ammonia Salts also increase its solu- 
bility. If neither of these are in the mixture, the 
Iodine should be rubbed down with twice its weight of 
Sugar, which helps to suspend it. 

Oils of Peppermint and Fennel, and some other 
volatile oils combine chemically with Iodine. — Hager. 



SOLUTIONS. 37 



Note. — It is a good plan to see the prescriber and 
suggest the addition of sufficient Iodide of Potassium 
to dissolve the Iodine. 

Tannic Acid will easily dissolve in pure water, 
yielding a solution w^ith a light yellow shade. The 
water must be quite free from Ammonia, or the solu- 
tion gradually darkens to a brownish tint. With traces 
of Iron it turns inky, and alkaline substances also turn 
it thick and brown to black. With mucilages of Car- 
ragheen, Salep, Althaea, it forms flaky conglom- 
erates and should only be mixed with them after dilu- 
tion in twenty times its weight of water. — Hager, 

Nitrate of Silver in solution should be sent out in 
dark glass bottles. It must always be dissolved in 
DISTILLED water. Chloral hydrate should always be 
dissolved in cold water ; warm water occasions a slight 
decomposition, with formation of a little hydrochloric 
Acid. — . 

Tasteless Solution of Muriate of Iron. 

Citrate of Potassium, 6 ounces. 

Solution Chloride, or Muriate of Iron, 4 " 
Simple Elixir, 2 '' 

Water, 8 '' 

Dissolve the Citrate af Potassium in the water and 

Elixir, previously mixed, add the Solution of Iron and 

filter. 

Solution of Iron and Quinin^, 

(Parrish.) 

Citrate of Iron, 10 fluid ounces. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 1 troy ounce. 

Sulphuric Acid (dil.), 1 
^ Water of Ammon^"^ } Of each sufficient quantity. 
Distilled Water, j 



38 SOLUTIONS. 



Triturate the Sulphate of Quinine with six fluid 
ounces of Distilled Water, and having added sufiicient 
diluted Sulphuric Acid to dissolve it, cautiously pour 
into the solution Water of Ammonia, with constant 
stirring until in slight excess. Wash the precipitated 
quinine on a filter, adding the solution of Citrate of 
Iron, maintained at a temperature of 120^ by means of 
a water bath. Stir constantly until it is dissolved. 
Lastly evaporate the solution to the consistency of 
syrup and spread it in plates of glass, so that on dry- 
ing the salt may be obtained in scales. 

Solubility of Officinal Chemicals in Alcohol. 

The following solutions may be of general inter- 
est : 

1 oz., by weight, of chloroform, dissolves 2J oz. 

camphor, and yields 3 fl. oz. 
1 oz., by weight, of spt. wine, 60^ o.p., dissolves 1 

oz. camphor, and yields 1,000 grains by measure. 
1 lb. of sugar dissolves in 8 oz. of water, and yields 

l&j oz. by measure. 

Solution Subsulphate of Iron. 

[Sol. Persulphate of Irou.—Monsci"s Solution.] 

Sulphate of Iron, (coarse powder.) 12 troy ounces. 
Sulphuric Acid, 1 troy ounce and 30 grains. 
Nitric Acid, 1 " '' and 300 " 

Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Mix the Acid with half a pint of Distilled Water in 
a large porcelain capsule, and, having heated the mix- 
ture to the boiling point, add the Sulphate of Iron, 
one-fourth at a time, stirring after each addition until 
effervescence ceases. Then keep the Solution in brisk 
ebullition until nitrous vapors are no longer percepti- 
ble, and the color assumes a deep ruby-red tint. 
Lastlj^ when the liquid is nearly cold, add sufficient 
Distilled Water to make it measure twelve fluid 
ounces. 



SOLUTIONS. 39 



Solution Hypophosphite of Iron. 

Sulphate of Iron, crystals, 4 ounces. 

Water, hot, 8 '^ 

Sugar, 4 " 

Citrate of Potassa, 1 ounce. 

Ilypophosphorous Acid, dilute, 4 ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron in the Water, add the Sugar and 

Potassa and, lastly, the Acid. Let stand twenty-four 

hours, then filter. 



Acid Hypophosphite Solution, 

Dr. G. S. Gerhard {Medical Times) ^ states that he has 
had successfully prepared a solution of the hypophos- 
phites, without syrup, hy dissolving the salts in water 
acidulated with Hyposulphurous Acid. The addition 
of a definite amount of this Acid prevents the precip- 
itation of at least two of the salts (iron and manga- 
nese), which in the syrups is accomplished by the 
protective power of the sugar. The objection to the 
syrups is their excessive sweetness, and their liability 
to cause indigestion. The present solution, the 
formula of which is given below, is clear, slightly 
fluorescent, and pleasantly acid. It is a valuable tonic 
and stimulant, and is borne by the most sensitive 
stomach : 

Calcii Hypophosphite 1 

Potassii Hypophosphite } one grain each. 

Sodii Hypophosphite | 

Quininse Hypophosphite 



7VT •• TT 1 1 1 -^ ( i gYd.\n each. 

Manganesii Hyphphosphite ) 

Ferri Hypophosphite . one- half grain. 

Strychninse. 1-120 grain. 

Glycerin thirteen minims. 

Liq. Acidi Hypophosphite twelve minims. 

Aqua3 enough to make a 

drachm. 



40 SOLUTIONS. 



6 


ounces. 


8 


u 


16 


u 


12 


(( 


Q. 


S. 


6 


ounces. 



Solution of Phosphate of Lime. 

Precipitated Phosphate of Lime, 

Muriatic Acid, 

Water of Ammonia, 

Solution of Phosphoric Acid, 

Water, 

Sugar, 

Mix the Muriatic Acid with Phosphate of Lime and 
add about twenty-four ounces of hot water. Allow 
the mixture to cool. Now, add the Water of Ammo- 
nia and two quarts of water together. If allowed to 
stand, a precipitate will fall^ after which pour ofi' the 
suiDcrnatant liquid. We again take two quarts of 
water and shake with the precipitate, after which allow 
to stand, and again pour off the liquid. We again 
take two quarts of hot water, shake with the precipi- 
tate, which must be allowed to stand, and again pour 
off the liquid. This must be repeated until the mix- 
ture is free from Chloride of Ammonia. This will 
require two or three gallons of hot water. The pre- 
cipitate must be poured in a muslin strainer, and 
washed with a little hot water. Press the water out 
of the precipitate, and dissolve it in the solution of 
Phosphoric Acid. Add the sugar and enough water 
to make twenty-four ounces. Filter. 

Each fluid ounce contains one hundred and twenty- 
eight grains of Phosphate of Lime with Phosphoric 
Acid. 

Solution Salicylate of Iron. 



Sulphate of Iron (pure) 


24 grains 


Soda Salicylate, 


30 '' 


Soda Acetate, 


20 '' 


Water, 


1 ounce, 


ix and dissolve. 





SOLUTIONS. 



The solution formed by this formula is by no means 
unpleasant, and such drugs as Acet. Potass., Spts. 
Nitre, Tinct. Digitahs, etc., can be added without pre- 
cipitating the salts, or altering its appearance much, 
but Ammonia and its preparations are incompatible. 

Solution of Phosphoric Acid.— (Dil ) 

(From U. S. P.) 

Griacial Phosphoric Acid, 1 ounce. 

Water sufficient. 

Nitric Acid, 40 grains. 

Dissolve Phosphoric Acid in three ounces of water. 
Add the Nitric Acid, and boil until it is reduced to a 
syrupy consistence and free from the odor of Nitric 
Acid, then add enough water to make the measure 
twelve and a half ounces. 

Solution of Lacto-Phosphate of Lime. 

Phosphate of Lime, Magma, 6 ounces. 
[Prepared from six ounces of Phosphate of Lime. 
See solution.] 
Sugar, 6 ounces. 

Concentrated Lactic Acid, 8 " 

Water, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Phosphate of Lime in the Lactic Acid, 
add the water in which the sugar has been previously 
dissolved, evaporate to twenty- four fluid ounces, and 
filter. 

Each fluid ounce contains one hundred and twenty- 
eight grains of Lacto-Phosphate of Lime. 

Solution of Salicylic Acid. 

Salicylic Acid, 1 ounce. 

Bicarbonate of Soda, 1 " 
Glycerine, G ounces. 

Water, . 9 " 



43 SOLUTIONS. 



Dissolve the Bicarbonate of Boda in the water, mix 
the Acid with the Glycerine. Then add enough of 
the solution of Soda to the Acid and Glycerine to dis- 
solve the Acid. Make up the measure to one pint 
with water. 

Solution of Dialysed Iron, 

In view of the wide spread and rapidly increasing 
demand for this preparation the following working 
formula, which has been tried with excellent success, 
may prove of interest and benefit : 

Solution Chloride of Iron, 1 pint. 
Water of Ammonia q. s., or 2 pints. 
Distilled Water 12 " 

Mix the Iron Solution with eight pints of the water 
and precipitate the Oxide of Iron therefrom by means 
of the Water of Ammonia, previously diluted with the 
ren.>aining four pints of water, care being taken to 
have a slight excess of Ammonia. Collect the precip- 
itate upon a close cotton (drilling) strainer of ample 
proportions, well secured around the ends. Wash the 
precipitate with plenty of Distilled Water of a temper-, 
ature not exceeding 50° F., stirring the magma con- 
stantly with a horn or wooden spatula while pouring 
the water upon it. Set the magma aside to drain for 
several hours and then without expressing, or, if too 
moist after application of very slight and gradual 
pressure, transfer to a wide mouth bottle and add four 
fluid ounces of solution of Chloride of Iron, shake 
briskly for a while and then set aside in a cool place for 
twenty-four hours, or until a complete solution has 
been effected, meanwhile stirring the mixture fre- 
quently. Finally transfer the solution to a dialyser 
and proceed in the usual manner. The process re- 
quires from eight to twelve days for completion. The 
preparation may be considered finished when Tincture 



SOLUTIONS. 43 



of Nutgalls produces no darkening color, and Nitrate 
of Silver no precipate in the diluted solution. 

■ When time is no object, successive portions of Oxide 
of Iron may be dissolved in the solution already ob- 
tained, in the same manner as the first portion, thus 
shortening the process of dialysing, or, in fact, carrying 
the saturation when the latter becomes altogether un- 
necessary, since according to Hager, the resulting prep- 
aration possesses precisely the same physical and chem- 
ical properties and peculiarities as the dialysed liquid. 

Solution of Dialysed Iron. 

Strong Solution of Perchloride of Iron, 8 ounces. 

(for which see U. S. D.) 
Water, 12 " 

Freshly Hydrated Peroxide of Iron to saturation in 
the Solution of Perchloride of Iron and water. Trans- 
fer to a Dialyser. (See full description of a Dialyser 
in IT. S. D., in 14th edition). After dialysis, make the 
measure of the dialysed preparation one pint, either 
by adding water or evaporation, as the case may re- 
quire. 

Solution of Phosphorus, Bromine and Iodine. 

Phosphorus, 10 grains. 

Bromine, 170 " 

Iodine, 170 

Alcohol, 1 ounce. 

Glycerine, enough to make 8 fluid ounces. 

Dissolve the Iodine in the Alcohol and add to the 
Glycerine; then add the Bromine, and, lastly, the 
Phosphorus, very gradually, in fine shavings, to the 
mixture. Great care must be taken in adding the 
Phosphorus, as the action is violent. 



44 SOLUTIONS. 



Solution of Bromhydric Acid, 

(Hydrobromic Acid.) 

Bromide of Potassium, 1 ounce. 

Tartaric Acid, Ij ounces. 

Water, 4 

Mix and agitate until the salts are dissolved and pre- 
cipation commences. Set aside in a cold place for 
twelve hours, decant and filter. 

Hall's Solution of Strychnia. 

Strychnia, in Crystals, 16 grains. 
Alcohol, 7 ounces. 

Water, 7 

Acetic Acid, i ounce. 

Tine. Cardamom Comp., li- ounces. 
Eub the Strychnia to a very fine powder, and dis- 
solve with the Acetic Acid. Add the Alcohol, water 
and prepared Flavoring, previously mixed, and filtered. 
Each fluid ounce contains one grain Strychnia. 

Magendie's Solution of Morphia. 

Sulphate of Morphia, 10 grains. 

Water, 1 ounce. . 

Dissolve; 

This must not be used in place of the officinal Liq- 
uor or Solution of Morphia. See below. 

Solution of Morphia (OfTlcinal). 

Sulphate of Morphia, 8 grains. 
Distilled Water, i pint. 

One fluid drachm contains i grain Morphia. 

Magendie's Solution of Iodine. 

Iodine, 2 grains. 

Iodide of Potassium, 4 drachms. 
Peppermint Water, 6 ounces. 
Dissolve. 



SOLUTIONS. 45 



Fowler's Solution. 

Arsenious Acid, in small fragments, 64 grains. 
Bicarbonate of Potassa, 64 " 

Distilled Water, Q. S. 

Compound Spirits Lavender, i fluid drachm. 

Boil the Arsenious Acid and Bicarbonate of Potassa 
in a glass yessel, with twelve fluid ounces of Distilled 
Water, till the Acid is entirely dissolved in the solu- 
tion. When cold, add the Compound Spirit of Lav- 
ender, and afterward sufficient Distilled Water to 
make it fill exactly the measure of a pint. 
Harle's Solution. 
Arsenious Acid, 30 grains. ^ 

Carbonate of Soda (dried; , 30 " 
Distilled W^ater, 6 ounces. 

Cinnamon Water, Q. S. to make 8 ounces. 
It is used for the same purposes and in the same 
doses as Fowler's Solution. 

Biettie's Arsenical Solution, 

Arseniate of Ammonia, 10 grains. 
Distilled Water, 10 ounces. 

Donovan's Solution. 
Iodide of Arsenic, 30 grains. 

Eed Iodide of Mercury, 30 grains. 

Distilled Water, i pint. 

Eub the Iodide with half a fluid ounce of water, and 
when they have dissolved, add the remainder of the 
water, and filter. Of course the mixed powder must 
be dissolved. 

Solution of Phosphate of Iron. 

Sulphate of Iron, 4 ounces. 

Warm Water, 8 

Sugar, 4 

Solution of Phosphoric Acid, 4 " 
Dissolve the Iron in warm water, add the solution, 
and susjar and filter. 



46 SOLUTIONS. 



Solution of Phosphoric Acid. 

Phosphoric Acid (Glacial) 8 ounces. 
Warm Water, 8 

Nitric Acid, 320 grains. 

Dissolve the Phosphoric Acid in the water by allow- 
ing to stand for a few hours, stirring occasionally ; add 
the Nitric Acid, and heat until no smell of Nitric Acid 
remains ; then add enough water to make the measure 
a pint. 

Solution of Protoxide of Iron. 

Sulphate of Iron (pure crystals) 3 ounces. 

Carbonate of Sodium, 4 " 

Warm Water, sufficient. 

Solution Citric Acid (which see) 4 " 

Sugar, 4 

Make the Precipitated Carbonate of Iron as directed, 
and dissolve it in the Citric Acid Solution ; then add 
the sugar and water, enough to make a pint. 

Solution of Iodine Compound. 

(Lngoi's Solution.) 

Iodine, i ounce. 

Iodide of Potassium, 1 " 
Water, 10 ounces. 

Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium in the water and 
add the Iodine, previously rubbed to a fine powder or 
paste. 

This solution is for internal use. 

Lugol's Rubefacient Solution. 

Iodine, i ounce. 

Iodide of Potassium, 1 " 
Water, ounces. 

Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium in the water and 
add the Iodine. 

This is for external use. 



SOLUTIONS. 47 



Lugol's Caustic Solution of Iodine. 

Iodine, 1 ounce. 

Iodide of Potassium, 1 '^ 
Water, 2 ounces. 

Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium in the water and 
add the Iodine. 

This is for appHcation as a caustic. 

Solution of LactoDhosphate of Iron. 

Solution of Phosphate of Iron, 6 ounces. 
Concentrated Lactic Acid, 1 ounce. 

Evaporate the solution to '^ye ounces by gentle heat, 
and when cool add the Lactic Acid. 

Solution of Hypophosphite of Iron. 

Sulphate of Iron (pure), 3 ounces. 

Carbonate of Sodium, 4 " 

Warm Water, Q. S. 

Hypophosphorous Acid, dil., 1 pint. 

Sugar, 2 ounces. 

Dissolve the Sulphate of Iron and the Carbonate of 
Sodium separately in one quart of water; when cool, 
mix the solutions. Allow to stand until the precipi- 
tate has subsided, and pour off the supernatant liquid ; 
add to the precipitate two quarts of warm water, and 
agitate ; allow to stand, and pour off the liquid as be- 
fore. Eepeat this process until the Sulphate of So- 
dium is washed out, which will require the addition 
of three or four gallons of water ; then pour the pre- 
cipitate upon the muslin strainer, and wash with a 
little warm water; squeeze out the water as much as 
possible, and dissolve the precipitate in the Acid in 
which the sugar has previously been dissolved, and 
filter. 



48 SOLUTIONS. 



Dilute Hypophosphorous Acid. 

Hypophosphite of Lime, 480 grains. 
Oxalic Acid, 350 " 

Warm Water, 9 ounces. 

Dissolve the Hypophosphite of Lime in six ounces 
of warm water and the Acid in the remainder. Mix 
the solution and filter. Add through the filter enough 
water to make the measure ten ounces. Evaporate 
this to eight and one-half ounces. 

Solution of Citric Acid. 

Citric Acid, 8 ounces. 
Hot Water, 8 

Dissolve the Acid in the water, and make up the 
measure, with water, to the pint. 

Solution of Citrate of Iron. 

Iro7i Citrate and Ammonium, 8 ounces. 
Hot water 8 " 

Dissolve the Iron in the water, and proceed as in 
Solution of Citric Acid. 

Solution of Carbolic Acid. 

Carbolic Acid Crystals, 1^ ounces. 

Glycerine and Water, each a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve the Acid in two ounces of Glycerme, and 
add water enough to make the measure fourteen 
ounces. If the solution then is clear, add two ounces 
more of water and filter. If the solution is milky, add 
enough Glycerine to make it clear, and water enough 
to make the measure a pint, and filter. 



CHAPTER V. 



INFUSIONS. 

Def. Infusions are liquid preparations made by 
pouring water, either boiling, merely warm, or even 
cold upon vegetable substances, and letting it stand 
for some time without further boiling. 

Note 1. It is evident that the water can only ex- 
tract such matter as are goluble in that fluid. The 
ordinary beverage called tea is an infusion of tea 
leaves. The U. S. Pharmacopoeia directs • four 
methods. 

1. Maceration. 

2. Digestion. 

3. Percolation. 

4. Diluting fluid Extracts. 

Note 1. Maceration differs from digestion in the 
water or rather menstruum, being kept in a state 
of continued heat over a fire, but gentle and not 
boiling. 

Note 2. Percolation should always be used when- 
ever practicable. 

General Formula, U. S. P. 

The substance coarsely ground. 

10 parts, 1 oz. Av. 

Boiling water 100 parts or 10 fl. ozs. Put the sub- 
stance into a suitable vessel, provided with a cover, 
pour upon it the boiling water, cover the vessel tight- 



50 INFUSIONS. 



ly and let it stand for two hours, then strain and pass 
enough water through the strainer to make the in- 
fusion weigh 100 parts or measure 10 fluid ounces. 

Note. Chamomile, Valerian, etc., are frequently 
prescribed in this form. If the vessel be tightly co- 
vered, the water will gradually condense, retaining 
the fugitive onstituents. 

When the extract is soluble in water and at the 
same time but slightly volatile, boiling water is poured 
on the substance of which the infusion is required, the, 
vessel is carefully covered^ and the whole allowed to 
remain untouched for some minutes or even hours, 
according to the greater or lesser penetrability of the 
substance, and the required strength of the Infusion 
properly so-called. If an infusion is required of dried 
leaves or flowers, they are first moistened with a little 
boiling water and a time allowed for them to swell and 
soften after adding the rest of the water. Infusions 
made by adding all the water at once, as is still fre- 
quently practiced, are deficient both in flavor and per- 
fume. The flavor of tea is an every day illustration 
of this ; as all who can make a good cup of tea know 
how necessary it is first to draw the tea with a small 
/ portion of water, and yet, strange to say, this principal 
is utterly neglected in the case of coffee, where its 
application is just as effective. Infusions of all vege- 
tables that do not exert a very powerful action on the 
human frame, may be made by pouring one pint of 
boiling water on one ounce of the vegetable matter 
and . allowing it to macerate from J to 1 hour. The 
ordinary dose of such infusions is from 1 to 2 ounces 
three times a day. 

Infusions, like decoctions, are liable to undergo 
spontaneous decomposition by keeping, especially in 
warm weather, when a few hours are often sufficient 



INFUSIONS. 



for their passage into a state of fermentation; -tiiey 
should therefore be prepared for use daily, as beyond 
24 hours they cannot be depended on. 

Infusions should be made in vessels that cannot be 
attacked by any of the substances with which they are 
in contact and closed sufficiently tight to prevent the 
loss of the most volatile principals. 
Diuretic Infusion. 

Parsley Seeds, I ounce. 

Cleavers, f " 

Burdock Seeds, | '' 

Coolwort, J " 

Spearmint, J- " 

Juniper Berries, | '' 

Linseed, j " 



Gum Arabic, 



Boiling Water, 2 quarts. 

Mix. Proceed in usual way. 
This is a valuable Diuretic. 

Infusion Peruvian Bark. 

Bed Bark, bruised, 1 ounce. 

Boiling Water, 1 pint. 

Boil for ten minutes and strain while hot. 

Tonic Infusion. 

Gentian Boot, sliced, 

Dried Orange Peel, bruised > ^^ ^-^^.^^i^^_ 

Coriander Seed, ) 

Boiling Water, 12 ounces. 

Mix and proceed in the usual way. 

This infusion is very useful in general debility. 

Infusion of Columba. 

ColumbaEoot, 1 dram. 

Boiling Water, % pint. 
Macerate for four hours and strain. 
This will be found an excellent Tonic. 



TINCTURES, 



Memory Work. 

Del". A tincture is a solution of a medicinal sub- 
stance by means of Alcohol and differs from a spirit 
in the former being non volatile and the latter vola- 
tile. 

The U. S. P. directs three processes in their manu- 
facture by Percolation, Maceration. Solution and Men- 
strua used in preparing them — Alcohol, Diluted Alco- 
hol, Aromatic Spirits Ammonia or mixtures of Alcohol, 
water and Glycerine. 

There are 73 officinal tinctures divided into simple 
and compound. — Fifty-eight simple and fifteen com- 
pound. 

Percolation. Remington defines Percolation to be 
a process wJiereby a powder contained in a suitable 
vessel is deprived of its soluble constituents by the 
descent of a solvent through it. Another name for 
it is displacement, so called because it is based upon 
the principle that the solvent after being charged 
with the soluble constituents of the drug is displaced 
by fresh portions of the solvent liquid, and partly 
from its own weight, partly from the 
pressure of the superior liquid. This action if it 
be not mechanically interrupted and if the supply of 
the solvent be constant, will continue until the lipuid 
reaches the outlet at the bottom of the percolator. 

By continuing the supply of solvent which is 
termed menstruum when used in extraction the dis- 
placement of the liquid in which the soluble matter is 



TINCTURES. 53 



in solution may be effected until no more is to be dis- 
solved from the drug when this is said to be exhausted. 

For full particulars concerning Percolation we refer 
the reader to the U. S. P. Eemington's Pharmacy &g. 

Filtration. 

Def. Filtration is the depriving liquids of some 
solid particles that are mixed with them. It is to be 
observed that, if substances are actually dissolved in a 
liquid no filtration can separate them ; thus, salt can 
never be separated from water by any kind of filtration 
whatever, although some persons erroneously sup- 
pose it can. Filtration can only separate what is me- 
chanically suspended and what would mostly fall 
down of itself by subsidence. 

Note 1. In filtering always make provision for the 
air to escape. 

Note 2. Always keep your filter well filled and cover 
the funnel to prevent evaporation. 

Note 3. Place a loop of twine in the neck of 
receiving bottle for escape of air. 

Note 4. Filters for delicate purposes are made of white 
unsized paper, but for the purposes of Pharmacy the 
gray is quite good enough. These filters can only 
serve once. When large quantities are to be filtered, 
filtering bags are used consisting of a piece of flannel 
or linen. In filtering thick adhesive substances such 
as syrup it is sometimes necessary to moisteu the fil- 
ter with water. What passes the first time is some- 
times not fine enough and Avill require toberefiltered. 

Where no great nicety is required, it is sufficient to 
have a frame and to throw over it a cloth. 

Where oils of a gummy nature such as Cotton seed 
oil, Castor oil, etc., need filtering heat is required and 
filter through cotton, flannel, etc. 



Unofficinal Tinctures. 

Tincture of Turkey-Corn. 

Take 3 ounces powdered Turkey-corn root (cory- 
dalis) and make one pint tincture by maceration or 
displacement with diluted alcohol. 

Tincture of Yellow Jasmine 

Cut into small pieces 8 ounces of the fresh root of 
yellow jasmine [gelseminum] ; macerate for 14 days in 
2 pints diluted alcohol, express and filter. This forms 
a saturated tincture. 

Tinct. of Lupulin. 

Pack 4 troy ounces lupulin in a narrow cylindrical 
percolator, and gradually pour alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of tincture are obtained. 

Tinct. of Kux Vomica. 

Digest with a gentle heat, 8 troy ounces finely pow- 
dered Nux Vomica in 1 pint alcohol, for 24 hours in a 
close vessel. Then transfer the mixture to a cylindri- 
cal percolator, and gradually pour alcohol upon it 
until 2 pints of tincture are obtained. 

Tinct. of Cimicifuga Racemosa. 

Black cohosh root, in fine powder, 4 troy ounces; 
alcohol, 1 pint. Make one pint of tincture by macer- 
ation or displacement. 

Tinct. of Ergot. 

Take 5 ounces (avordupois) ergot, and proceed in 
the same manner as for tincture of chiretta. 

Tinct. of Blue-Flag. 

Macerate 3 ounces powdered blue-flag in 1 pint of 
alcohol; or, make 1 pint by percolation. 

Norwood's Tinct. of Veratrum Viride. 

Macerate 8 ounces of the recently dried, coarsely 
powdered root, in 16 ounces of alcohol for 14 days ; 
express and filter through paper. 



TINCTURES. 55 



Tincture Aloes and Myrrh. 

Aloes, 10 parts. 
Myrrh, 10 '' 
Menstruum Alcohol. 

Tincture Cardamon Comp. 

Cardamoms, 2 parts. 

Cinnamon, 2 " 

Caraway, 1 " 

Cochineal, 5 " 

Menstruum DilAlcohoi, 6% Glycerin. 

Tincture Gentian Comp. 

Gentian, 8 parts. 

Bitter Orange, 4 '' 
Cardamoms, 2 " 

Menstruum Dil Alcohol. 

Tincture Rhei. Comp. 

Ehubarb, 12 parts. 
Cardamoms, 2 '^ 
Menstruum Dil Alcohol. 

Aloes Comp. 

Aloes, 10 parts. 

Glycyrrhiza, 10 " 
Menstruum Dil Alcohol. 

Tincture Catechu Comp. 

Catechu, 12 parts. 
Cinnamon, 8 '' 
Menstruum DilAlcohoi. 

Tincture ipecacuanhae et Opii, 

Fluid Extract Ipecac, 10 parts. 
Tr. Opii Deed, to make 100 '' 
Menstrumm Dil Alcohol. 

Tincture Cinchona Comp. 

Cinchon E., 10 parts. 

Orange Peel, 8 " 

Serp, 2 '' 

Menstruum Alcohol 80,Water 10, Glycer. 10. 



56 TINCTURES. 



Tincture Opium Camphorta, 


Opium, 4 parts. 


Benzoic Acid, 4 '' 


Oil Anise, 4 " 


Camphor, 4 '' 


Glycerine, 4 *' 


Dilute Alcohol. 


Tincture Lavender Comp. 


Oil Lavender, 8 parts. 


'^ Kosemary, 2 " 


Cinnamon, 1.8| '' 


Cloves, 4 ^^ * 


Nutmeg, 1 '' 


Eed Saunders, 8 " 


Menstruum, (68% Alcohol, 27W %.) 



FLUID EXTRACTS. 

Memory Work. 

Def . Fluid extracts are liquid alcoholic preparations 
or they may be defined as a class of concentrated 
tinctures of uniform and definite strength made to rep- 
resent the drug volume for weight. 

In the U. S. P. of 1880 a cubic centimeter represents 
the Medicinal virtue of one gramme of the drug. 

There are 79 Officinal Fluid Extracts made by, 
Percolation, 

Maceration or digestion, 

Expression. 



FLUID EXTRACTS. 57 

There are 21 Menstruum Alcohol 

1 " "8 parts, water 1 part 
10 '' "3 " " 1 '' 

rj a a o u u . -j u 

14 '' Dilute Alcohol 

17 '^ Containing Alcohol 

2 '* Alcohol 3 parts, water 4 
1 '^ Alcohol 2 '' " 3 

3 " " 1 '^ ^' 2 

1 ^' Ether, Alcohol, Water 

2 " Boiling Water. 
Note. Fluid Extracts with one or two exceptions can 

not he prepared by simple percolation ; evaporationis 
necessary to concentrate the percolate to the required 
measure but we will present a typical formula for an 
officialfluid extract which would be well to memorize. 

"Take 100 grammes of the powdered drug and moist- 
en it with a certain quantity of Menstruum, packed in 
a suitable percolator, and enough menstruum added 
to saturate the powder and leave a stratum above 
it ; the lower orifice of the percolator is closed when 
the liquid begins to drop and the percolator is closely 
covered to prevent evaporation and permit maceration 
for a specified time ; additional menstruum is poured 
on and percolation continued until the drug is ex- 
hausted. Usually from seven to nine tenths of the 
first portion of the percolate is reserved and the re- 
mainder evaporated at a temperature not exceeding 
(122''F.,) to a soft extract ; this is to be dissolvedin the 
reserved portion, enough menstruum added to make 
the fluid extract measure 100 C. C." — Kemington. 

Note 2. The latter portion of the percolate is reserved 
to permit concentration of the preparation without 
exposing the stronger portion to heat. 

Note 3. The x^i'ocess of "expression" is claimed 



FLUID EXTRACTS. 



by many to be an excellent method, the largest man- 
ufacturers in the world having adopted it. 

The substance enclosed in hair cloth bags is placed 
under lever or screw presses of immense power. Hair 
cloth is the best for the bags as it does not impart any 
peculiar taste. 

Note 4. Many oils are procured by this method of 
expression. 

For unctuous seeas, heated iron plates are some- 
times used; when the iron is cold the oil is styled 
cold drawn. 

Fluid Extract StilJingia Compound. 



Stillingia, 


4 ounces. 


Turkey Corn, 


4 " 


Blue Flag, 


2 


Pipsissewa, 


2 


Coriander, 


1 ounce. 


Prickley Ash, 


1 



Dilute Alcohol, Q. S. 
Moisten the powder with sufficient Alcohol, and 
pack hrmly in percolator, add sixteen ounces of the 
Alcohol, and macerate for six days, then percolate. 
Eeserve the first twelve ounces, and evaporate 
remaining fluid to two fluid ounces, add the reserve 
and filter through paper. 

Fluid Extract Wild Cherry Compound. 

Wild Cherry Bark in coarse powder, 10 ounces. 
Horehound, 2 

YeratrumYiride, 1 ounce. 

Bloodroot, 1 

Dilute. Alcohol, Q. S. 

Proceed as with Extract Stillingia Compound. 



FLUID EXTRACTS. 59 



Fluid Extract Grindelia. 

Ghndelia Robusta coarse powder, 16 ounces. 
Dilute Alcohol, Q. S. 

Proceed as in other Fluid Extracts. 

Fluid Extract Verba Santa. 

Yerba Santa coarse powder, 16 ounces. 
Dilute Alcohol, ' Q. S. 

Proceed as in other Fluid Extracts. 

Fluid Extract Damiana. 

■Damiana coarse powder, 16 ounces. 
Dilute Alchol, Q. S. 

Proceed as in other Fluid Extracts. 

Fluid Extract Hops. 

(Procter's.) 

Hops in coarse pow^Ter, 16 Troy ounces. 
Dilute Alcohol, 4 ounces, 

Pack in a conical percolator covering the surface, 
and add dilute Alcohol until 3 pints have passed ; 
reserve the first 12 ounces. Evaporating remaining 
tincture in water bath to 4 fluid ounces, then mix 
wTth reserve, agitate considerably for 24 hours, and 
filter, dropping sufficient dilute Alcohol on the filter 
to viaJce the measure of a pint. 

Fluid Extract Liquorice. 

(Procter's ) 

Calabria Liquorice, (Bruised) 8 Troy ounces. 

Sugar coarse powder, 10 " " 

Enclose the Liquorice in a gauze cloth, suspend it 
in a pint vessel, cover it with cold water and let it 
stand 12 hours, pour ofi the dense solution, renew the 
water and again macerate and decant. Mix the two 
liquors, evaporate to 12 fluid ounces, dissolve in it the 
sugar and again evaporate until the measure of one 
Pint is obtained. 



6o FLUID EXTRACTS. 

Fluid Extract. 

(Pareira.) 

Digest for 24 hours one pound pareira root in coarse 
powder in one pint boiling water, then pack it in a 
percolator and displace one gallon or until the pareira 
root is exhausted. Evaporate over a water bath to 13 
fluid ounces, when cold add 3 fluid ounces rectified 
spirits and filter through paper. 

Use Avoirdupois weight and Imperial measure in 
this formula. 

The dose is one to two fluid drachms. 

Fluid Extract Senna Comp.* 

Senna in coarse powder, 8 ounces. 

Jalap, '' '' '' 6 

Canella, 2 

Diluted Alcohol, q. s. 

Proceed, as in other fluid extracts as fluid extract 
squills. 

Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla Comp, 

Sarsaparilla, 12 ounces. 

Licorice I2 " 

Sassafras, li " 

Mazereon, J ounce. 

Diluted Alcohol, q. s. to make 1 pint. 
Proceed as in other' fluid extracts. This is accord- 
to U. S. P. 

Fluid Eztract Sarsaparilla and Dandelion. 

Sarsaparilla, 8 ounces. 

Dandelion, 8 '' 

Diluted Alcohol, q. s. 

Proceed as in the other fluid extracts. 



FLUID EXTRACTS. 6i 

Fluid Extract Vanilla. 

MOOR'S. 

Take 8 Troy ounces of Vanilla and an equal amount 
of crushed loaf sugar. Slit the j^ods from end to end 
then take them in small bundles and cut them trans- 
versely into very small pieces. Of these beat small 
pieces at a time in an iron mortar Avith a little of the 
sugar until reduced to a damj) powder and rub with 
the hand through a No. 20 sieve. This is con- 
tinued until the whole is reduced to a No. 20 powder. 
]\Iix with 5 pints of Dilute Alcohol and introduce the 
whole into a one gallon stone jar tightly corked. 
Place the jar into a water bath resting upon folds of 
paper, and allow the mixture to digest for 2 hours at a 
temperature of 160^ Fahr. The upper x)art of the jug 
must be kept cool by wrapping a towel around it, 
squeezing cold water upon it every fifteen minutes. 
Take the jug from the bath at every aiDplication of 
the water and shake well. When digestion has been 
completed and cooled, strain through muslin. Pack 
the residue previously rubbed with the hands to a 
uniform condition firmly in a glass funnel, percolate 
with a mixture of 3 parts alcohol and one of water, 
until 8 i^ints of extract are obtained. 

Fluid Extract of Burdock. 

GRAHAM'S. 

Take of Burdock coarse powder, 16 ounces. 
Diluted Alcohol, Q. S. 

Dampen the powder with the menstruum and 
pack in a glass displacer, pour on the menstruum and 
continue the percolation to exhaustion reserving 1^ 
ounces cf the first runnings, evaporate the remainder 
to 9 fluid ounces to which add 4 ounces of sugar and 
dissolve. Strain if necessary and add reserved por- 
tion. 



62 FLUID EXTRACTS. 

Fluid Extract Dandelion Comp. 

Dandelion, 10 ounces. 

Senna, 6 " 

Diluted Alcohol, Q. S. to make one pint. 
Proceed as in Fluid Extract of Hops. 

Fluid Extract Aloes Compound. 

Socotrine Aloes, 3 ounces. 

Canella, 4 " 

Licorice Eoot, 4 " 

Dilute Alcohol, Q. S. to make 1 pint. 
Proceed as with Fluid Extract Sqills Comj^ound. 

Fluid Extract Blackberry Root Compound. 

Blackberry Eoot, 12 ounces. 

Sassafras Bark, 4 '' 

Dilute Alcohol, Q. S. to make 1 pint. 

Proceed as with Fluid Extract Squills. 
Fluid Extract Cardamom Comp. 

Cardamom Seeds, 6 ounces. 

Cinnamon, G " 

Caraway Seeds, 2 " 

Cochineal, 1 ounce. 

Dilute Alcohol, Q. S. to make 1 pint. 

Proceed as in the Fluid Extract Squills, only using 
Q. S. Alcohol to moisten. 

Compound Fluid Extract Squills. 

Squills, 16 Troy ounces. 

Seneka, 16 " 

Moisten with about 12 ounces of liquor (using three 
parts Alcohol to one of water.) Pack firmly 
in percolator, cover surface with a cloth, and pour on 
the same menstruum until 6 pints have slowly passed, 
reserving carefully the first 24 ounces. Evaporate 
the remainder in Water bath at 150^ Fahr. until re- 
duced to 8 fluid ounces. Mix with reserved tincture, 



FIX'ID EXTRACTS. 67, 

and after standing with occasional agitation for 24 
hours filter to mak^ the whole measure 2 pints. 

Hive Syrup. 

Compound Fluid Extract Squills, 4 Fl. ounces. 
Tartar Emetic, 24 grains. 

Simple Syrup, 20 Fl. ounces. 

Hot Water, ^ " ounce. 

Dissolve the Tartar Emetic in the water and add 
the other ingredients. 

Fluid Extract Cimiclfuga Racemosa. 

Moor"s. 

Cimicifuga in powder, 16 ounces. 

Alcohol, Q. S. 

Moisten the root with the Alcohol, pack closely in 
the displacer, and pour on alcohol gradually until 8 
fluid ounces have passed through, which reserve in a 
covered vessel, then proceed with dilute Alcohol un- 
til the root is exhausted. Evaporate with water bath 
until all the alcohol is driven off, set it aside to cool that 
the resinous portion extracted may he deposited, 
which separate and add to the alcoholic portion first 
obtained, then proceed with the evaporation until re- 
duced to 8 fluid ounces and mix the two products. 
Allow to stand 48 hours before filtering. 
Compound Fluid Extract Buchu. 

Parrishes. 

Buchu in coarse powder, 12 ounces. 

Alcohol, 3 pints. 

Water, Q. S. or 6 " 

Treat the leaves by maceration or displa.cement 
first with a portion of the Alcohol, then with the 
remainder mixed with the water. Evaporate the re- 
sulting liquid with a gentle heat to three pmts, then 
add two and half pounds of sugaro Continue the 



64 FLUID EXTRACTS. 



heat until /dissolved, and after removing from the fire 
add Oil Juniper, Oil Cubebs, each one dram. Spirits 
Nitric Ether 12 fluid ounces previously mixed. 
Mix together. 

Alkaline Fluid Extract Rhubarb. 

Fluid Extract Ehubarb, 1 El. ounce. 

Carbonate Potassa, (Neutral) 80 grains. 
Water, 1 El. ounce. 

Dissolve the carbonate in the water, and add the 
fluid extract, and let the mixture repose six to twelve 
hours, then strain through muslin and filter. 

This preparation can be mixed with water in any 
proportion. 

Fluid Extract Cinchona. 

Calisaya in powder, 8 Troy ounces. 

Simple Syrup, 4 El. 

Glycerine, 4 " 

Alcohol, Q. S. 

Moisten the cinchona in six ounces of dilute alco- 
hol, let stand in covered jar for three hours, and then 
transfer to percolator. Pack it firmly, and gradually 
pour upon it dilute alcohol until 12 fluid ounces of 
the tincture have been obtained. Set this aside, and 
continue the percolation with dilute alcohol until the 
cinchona is exhausted. To the last percolate add 
the syrup and glycerine, and evaporate by water bath 
to about 10 fluid ounces. Then add the reserved 
tincture and evaporate to 14 fluid ounces. Eemove 
from water bath, and when nearly cold add sufficient 
alcohol to make the whole measure 16 fluid ounces. 



ESSENCES, 

In making all Essences where an essential oil is 
used the following method will produce the best 
results : 

First the oil must be thoroughly dissolved in the 
Cologne Spirits, or Alcohol, (the former we prefer), 
then the mixture is to be rubbed in a morter with 
Carbonate of Magnesia and add a small quantity of 
sugar, — then add the water, if any is used, and triturate 
well together. ISText filter through paper until clear. 
In other words, finish just as you would in making 
Medicated Waters. Color carefully until the desired 
shade is reached. 

The quantity of oil used can be increased or dimin- 
ished to produce essences of any desired grade. 

The first nine formulas will give almost any color 
desired. 

Brown or Solution of Caramels 

Crushed Lump Sugar, 2 pounds. 

Put into a kettle that will hold four to six quarts 
with one-half tumbler of water, boil until it is hlack ; 
then take it off and cool with water, stirring it as you 
put in the water. This is used for coloring Soda 
Syrups and Essences, such as Vanilla, Sarsapar- 
illa, etc. 

Carnnne Solution. 

Carmine (No. 40.) 2 drachms. 

Water of Ammonia, q. s. or yi ounce. 

Water, 7 ounces. 



66 ESSENCES. 



Rub the carmine to a fine powder in a mortar, dis- 
solve with the Aqua Ammonia, add the water, keep 
in bottles corked tight. This is used to color Elixirs, 
Soda Syrups, etc., such as strawberry. 

Remark. This is incompatible with Acids. 

Yellow Solution. 

Gamboge, 1 ounce. 

Diluted Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Rub the Gamboge to a powder with the Alcohol. 
Let stand for a few days, shake often and filter. 

Yellow Coloring. 



Turmeric, 


4 ounces. 


Alcohol, 


16 " 


Recover by percolation 1 pint. 




Tincture of Saffron. 




Saffron, 


6 ounces. 


Alcohol, 


1 pint. 


Macerate 24 hours and filter. 




Tincture of AnSline. 




Yellow Aniline, 


1 drachm. 


Alcohol, 


4 ounces. 


Dissolve. 




The above are fine for Hair Oils, 


etc., and will not 


,de as Tumeric will. 





Tincture of Crass. 



Blue (or Lawn) Grass, 8 ounces. 

Alcohol, Sufficient or 16 ''^ 

Chop the grass fine, put into a wide-mouthed bottle, 
cover with Alcohol, let stand twenty-four hours, and 
filter for use. 



ESSEXCES. 



67 



Tincture of Red Saunders. 



4 ounces. 



Red Saunders, ground 
Alcohol, 16 " 

Percolate one pint of Tincture. 
Used to impart a red color to Essences, Hair Oils, 
etc. 



Tincture of Alkanet. 

Alkanet Root, ground, 4 ounces. 

Alcohol, 16 '' 

Make a Tincture, use same as Red Saunders. 



Essence of Anise. 

Oil of x\nise, 
Alcohol 95 per cent. 
Mix them and filter. 



1 ounce. 
9 '' 



Essence of Allspice. 



uii 01 Allspice, 


1 ounce. 


Alcohol 95 per cent, 


9 ounces. 


Mix and filter. 




Essenco of Coriander. 




Oil of Coriander, 


2 drachms. 


Carbonate Magnesia, 


5" ounce. 


Sugar, 


1 '' 


Alcohol, 


8 ounces. 


Water, 


8 


Proceed as in Ess. Bay. 




Essence of Carraway. 




Oil of Caraway Seed, 


1 ounce. 


Carbonate of Magnesium, 


2 ounces. 


Sugar, 


2 


Alcohol, 


16 " 


Water, 


]6 " 


Proceed as in Ess. Bay. 





68 ESSENCES. 



Essence of Nectar. 

Butyric Ether, 1 ounce. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 1 drachm. 

Oil of Bitter Almonds, 15 drops. 

Alcohol, 12 ounces, 

Water, 12 ounces. 

Mix and filter. Color to suit. 

Essence of Orgeat. 

Oil of Bitter Almonds, 2 drachms. 

Acetic Ether, 2 " 

Butyric Ether, i ounce. 

Alcohol, 15 ounces. 

Dissolve the oils in the ethers ; add the alcohol and 
in filter. 

Essence of Bergamot, 

Oil Bergamot, 1 ounce. 

Alcohol, 95 per cent., 8 ounces. 

Tincture of Grass, q. s. to color. 
Mix. 

Essence of Banana, 

Banana fruit, peeled, 1 pound. 

Alcohol, 95 per cent., 1 pint. 

Water, 1 /' 

Macerate for fourteen days, express and strain. 

Essence of Banana. 

Take of Acetate of Oxide Amyl, 2 ounces. 

Cologne Spirit, 12 
Water, 2 

Mix. 



ESSENCES. 




69 


Essence of Bay. 






Oil of Bay Leaves, 


1 ounce. 




Cologne Spirit, 


16 '' 




Carbonate of Magnesia, 


2 '' 




Water, 


16 " 





Alcohol may be used instead of Cologne Spirit, but 
it is not quite so good. Dissolve the oil in a little of 
the spirit and rub in a mortar with the addition of the 
magnesia, then add balance of alcohol and water 
previously mixed. Color lightly with Tincture of 
Grass. 

Essence of Bitter Almonds. . 

Oil Bitter Almond, 1^ drachms 

Carbonate Magnesia, 2 '' 

Sugar, 1 ounce. 

\vitfr^^'''*'i^^^^ 8 ounces. 

Proceed as directed in Essence of Bay. 
Essence of Blackberry. 

Blackberries, (fresh) 2 pounds. 

Alcohol, • 10 ounces. 

Water, 26 

Macerate for 14 days, express and strain through 

muslin. 

Essence of Cloves. 

Oil Cloves 1 ounce. 

Magnesia 1 " 

Alcohol, 95 per cent., 7 '' 

Proceed as in essence of Cinnamon. 

Essence of Cinnamon. 

Oil of Cinnamon, 1 ounce. 

Carbonate Magnesia, 2 ounces. 

Alcohol, 95 per cent., 18 '' 

Kub the oil with the magnesia and a portion of the 
alcohol; add the balance and filter. 



70 



ESSENCES. 



Essence of Celery. 




Oil of Celery, 


2 drachms. 


Carbonate Magnesia, 


J ounce. 


Sugar, 


1 '' 


Cologne Spirits, j ^^^^ 


8 ounces. 


Proceed as directed in Essence of Bay.. 


Essence of Calamus. 




(Sweet Flag-. 




Oil of Calamus, 


i ounce. 


Carb. Magnesia, ) ^^ 
Sugar, S "^"^ 


1 ounce. 




Cologne Spirits, 


8 ounces. 


Proceed as directed in Essence Cinnamon. 


Cochineal Extract. 




Ked Vinegar, 


1 gallon. 


Glycerine, 


2 pounds. 


Mix, and it is ready for use. 




Essence of Ginger. 




Jamaica Ginger (ground). 


1 pound. 


Carbonate of Magnesium, 


2 'drachms. 


Alcohol, 95 per cent.. 


2 pints. 


Eecover 2 pints by percolation. 




Essence of Jamaica Cingar. 


(Aromatic.) 




Jamaica Ginger, 


G ounces. 


Grains of Paradise, 


1 ounce. 


Mace, 


i " 



Oil of Lemon, 1 drachm. 

Alcohol, 20 ounces. 

Eeduce the drugs to a coarse powder and moisten 
with four ounces of alcohol ; pack in percolator and 
add balance of alcohol in which add the lemon. Allow 
to stand 24 hours and percolate with diluted alcohol 
sufficient for 20 ounces. 



ESSENCES. 



71 



Essence of Lemon. 



Oil Lemon, 

Carbonate Magnesia, 

Sugar, 

Alcohol, 

Water, 



1 ounce. 
Sufficient. 
1 ounce. 
8 ounces. 

8 



Color Yellow; proceed as in Essence Bay. 

Essence of Mace. 

Mace, moderately fine, 6 ounces. 

Cologne Spirits, 2 pints. 

Macerate for 14 days, express and filter through 
paper. 



Essence of Nutmeg. 




Oil of Nutmeg, 


1}^ drachms. 


Alcohol, 


4 ounces. 


Magnesia Carb., 


3 drachms. 


Water, 


4 ounces. 


Sugar, 


y2 ounce. 


Proceed as in Essence of Bay. 




Essence of Orange. 




Oil of Orange, 


1 ounce. 


Carbonate of Magnesia, 


2 ounces. 


Sugar, 


2 '' 


Alcohol, 


8 ^' 


Water, 


8 " 


Color with Saffron. Proceed as in Essence of Bay. 


Essence of Pear. 




Acetate Oxide Amy], 


2 ounces. 


Acetic Ether, 


1 drachm. 


Alcohol, 95 per cent.. 


12 ounces. 


Water, 


2 ounces. 


Mix. 





72 ESSENCES. 



Essence of Peppermint. 

Oil of Peppermint, 1 ounce. 

Alcohol, 8 ounces. 

Peppermint (herb), J ounce. 

Water, 8 ounces. 

Proceed as in Essence of Bay and filter through 
Magnesia. 

Essence of Pineapple. 

Butyric Ether, 1 ounce. 

Acetic Ether 4 drachms. 

Alcohol, 8 ounces. 

Glycerine, 2 drachms. 

Water, 8 ounces. 
Mix, color with Curcuma. 

Essence of Raspberry. 

Butyric Ether, 1 drachm. 

Acetic Ether, 45 drops. 

Sweet Spirits Nitre, 10 '' 

Glycerine, 20 '' 

Cologne Spirits, . 2J- ounces. 

Color with Alkanet Eoot, Mix and Filter. 



£ssence of Sassafras. 

Oil of Sassafras, 1 ounce. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 2 ounces. 

Cologne Spirits, 16 '^ 

Water, 16 '' 
Proceed as in Essence of Bay. 

Essence of Strawberry. 

Butyric Ether, i ounce. 

Acetic Ether, i " 

Cologne Spirits, 1 pint. 
Color with Tincture of Carmine. 



ESSENCES. 



73 



Essence of Sarsaparilla. 

Oil of Wintergreen, j ounce. 

Oil of Sassafras, 3 drachms. 

Oil of Anise, 1 drachm. 

Carbonate Magnesia, 1 ounce. 

Sugar, 1 '' 

Alcohol, 12 ounces. 

Water, 4 '' 
Color with Burnt Sugar if so desired. Proceed as 
in Essence of Bay. 

Essence of Spearmint. 

Oil of Spearmint, J ounce. 

Carb. Magnesia, > ^^^^^^ -j^ u 

Sugar, 5 

^^,^^1^^^' [ each, 8 ounces. 

Water, ^ 

Proceed as directed in Essence of Bay. 

Essence Wintergreen. 

Alcohol, 10 gallons. 

Oil of Wintergreen, , 1 pound. 

Warm Water, 5 gallons. 

Mix the Oil with Alcohol and let stand twenty- 
four hours; then add water gradually. Color to suit 
with Tincture of Red Aniline. 



CHAPTER IX. 



ELIXIRS. 

This class of elegant and palatable preparations has 
become a necessity to every druggist in the country. 

In days gone by the physician never considered the 
desirability of writing his prescriptions with a view 
of either taste or elegance. 

No matter how disgusting the taste and appearance 
his medicines might have they had to be taken with- 
out question. 

The method of taking medicine so familiar to us all 
in days gone by is not to be forgotten. Now open 
your mouth, shut your eyes, hold your nose was a 
command or admonition given to all of us when taking 
our Jalap, Castor Oil or Epsom Salts. All this miser- 
able nauseating system of administering medicines 
is swiftly passing away. 

Elixirs and other elegant improvements in phar- 
macy are fast becoming universal, and to-day we 
can point out ten physicians who u&e Elixirs to one 
a few years back. 

The following formulas for the manufacture of 
these goods will be found of a practical nature. By 
their use you can make Elixirs just as they are made 
in the laboratories of our best pharmacists, and at a 
saving of considerable money. 



ELIXIRS. 75 



Simple Elixir. 

Fresh Orange Peel, 120 grains. 

Cardamoms, 20 '' 

Star Anise, 30 

Simple Syrup, 5 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 4 '' '' 

Water, ' 9 ^' '* 

Exhaust the aromatics with the Alcohol and water, 
then add the syrup ; color with carmine if desired. 

Note it is essential that fresh orange peel be used. 

Simpre Elixir No. 2. 

Cinnamon, li drams. 

Star Anise, 1 dram. 

Coriander, IJ drams. 

Nutmeg, i dram. 

Caraway, H drams. 

Oil Sweet Orange, i dram. 

Dilute Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Syrup, 2 '^ 

Percolate the Aromatics with the dilute Alcohol 
previously mixed with oil of orange, continuing the 
percolation until two pints of Aromatic Tincture are 
obtained, then mix with Syrup. 



Coloring for Elixirs and Tinctures. 

It is customary to employ as coloring matter either 
caramel, cudbear or cochineal, according to the kind 
of Elixirs, and the prevailing custom. 

Ten minims of caramel will be sufficient to color 
one pint of simple elixir. 

Cudbear is best used with acid liquids. 



76 ELIXIRS. 




Cochineal Coloring. 




Powdered Cochineal 
Alum, (powdered) 
Carbonate of Potassium, 
Bitartrate of Potassium, 
Pulverize and keep air tight. 


120 grains. 
120 '' 
120 '' 
240 '' 



Compound Tincture Cochineal, 

Cochineal Coloring, 120 grains. 

Dilute Alcohol, 2 Fl. ounces. 

Slightly warm the Dilute Alcohol and mix with the 
powder, macerate and filter. 

The above formula's are used principally for color- 
ing Elixirs, and do it handsomely. Both are in- 
compatible with acids. 



Percolating Menstruum. 




Alcohol, 




40 ounces. 




Water, 




• 4:i pints. 




Mix and filter through 


a small quantity 


of 


Magnesium. 








Prepared 


Fla> 


/oring. 




Oil Coriander, 




1 dram. 




Oil Anise, 




i '' 




Oil Sweet Orange, 




2 ounces. 




Oil Cinnamon, 




J dram. 




Oil Cloves, 




10 drops. 




Alcohol, 




1 pint. 




Mix. 








This and the preceding 


formula will both be found 


useful in making a great many of the Elixirs. 





Elixir Anise. 

Anise Seed in fine powder, 1 ounce. 

Simple Elixir to make, 1 pint. 

Mix and Macerate for 7 days and filter. 



ELIXIRS. 



77 



Elixir Antacid Compound. 

Bicarbonate of Soda, 1|- ounces. 

Infusion Gentian, 4 ^' 

Aqua Peppermint, , 4 " 

Tinct, Cardamon Comp, j " 

Simple Elixir to make, 1 pint. 

Mix and filter. 

Dose. From teaspoon to tablespoonful. 

Properties and uses. — Useful as an antacid and cor- 
rective in digestion. 

Elixir Asarum Compound. 

Canada Snake Koot (bruised) 1 ounce. 

Juniper Berries, 4 drams. 

Anise Seed, 2 '' 

Caraway Seed, 2 " 

Pleurisy Koot, 4 " 

Diluted Alcohol and simple Elixir of each a suffi- 
cient quantity. Macerate the drugs for five days in 
sufficient Alcohol to cover them, then change to a 
percolator and percolate 10 fluid ounces of tincture, 
add six fluid ounces of simple elixir, and filter. 
Dose. Teaspoonful. 

Uses. This elixir is an aromatic tonic stimulant, 
with diaphoretic and diuretic properties, 



Elixir Anodyne. 




Fluid Extract Hyoscyamus, 


4 drams, 


Butternut, 


4 ounces. 


Wahoo, 


4 " 


Bicarbonate Soda, 


U " 


Oil Sassafras, 


1 dram. 


Piperine, 


8 grains. 


Simple Elixir to make. 


1 pint. 



78 ELIXIRS. 



Rub the oil of sassafras and piperine together, dis- 
solve the Bi Carbonate of Soda in the fluid extracts 
Mix and add Simple Elixir and filter. 

Dose — one teaspoonfuL 

Elixir Aconite Root, 

Tincture Aconite Root, 256 drops. 

Simple Elixir to make, 1 pint 

Mix. 

Each fluid dram contains 2 drops Aconite. 
Dose from half to one teaspoonfuL 
Uses. In fevers, Neuralgia, Rheumatism. 

Elixir of Assafoetida. 

Tincture of Assafoetida, 2 ounces. 

Carbonate of Magensia, 1 ounce. 

Tincture Cardamon Comp, 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, 14 '' 

Rub the Assafoetida and cardamon with the Mag- 
nesia, gradually adding the elixir^ then filter. 

Each fluid dram contains about 2 grains of Assa- 
foetida. 

Dose. TeaspoonfuL 

Uses. Hysteria, Asthma. Antispasmodic. 

Elixir of Atropia. 

Sulphate of Atropia, 2 grains. 

Elixir Simple, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Atropia in Alcohol q. s. and mix. 

Each dram contains one sixty-fourth grain of 
Atropia. 

Uses. Palsy, Dropsy, Epilepsy, Mania and obsti- 
nate intermittents. 



ELIXIRS. 79 



Elixir Arsenic and Strychnine. 

Hall's solution, 2 ounces. 

Fowler's Solution, U '' 

Simple Elixir to make, 1 pint. 

Mix and filter. 

Each fluid dram contains 5 drops of Fowler's Solu- 
tion, and one sixty-fourth grain of Strychnine. Used in 
diseases of the skin. 

Elixir Arsenic, Strychnine and Quinine. 

Hall's Solution, 2 ounces. 

Fowler's Solution, IJ '' 

Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Citric Acid, 10 ^' 

Simple Eilxir to make, 1 pint. 

Mix and filter. 

Each dram contains one grain of Quinine, five 
drops of Fowler's Solution, and one sixty-fourth grain 
of Strychnine. 

Used with great benefit in skin diseases and as a 
tonic. 

Elixir of Beef. 

Extract of Beef, 1 ounce. 

Warm Water, 1 " 

Simple EHxir, 14 '' 

Dissolve the extract of Beef in the warm water, 
add enough simple elixir to complete one pint and 
filter. 

Given as astimulent during recovery from fevers etc. 

Elixir of Beef and Iron. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonia, 64 grains. 
Elixir of Beef, 1 pint. 



8o ELIXIRS. 



Dissolve the Iron in warm water and add the EKxir, 
then filter. 

Each tablespoonful contains one ounce of Beef. 

Elixirs of Beef and Iron will be found valuble where 
inability to readily digest food exists, and where a 
stimulant is required. Each tablespoonful is said to 
contain the nutritive qualities of one ounce of Beef. 

Elixir Blue Flag. 

Fluid Extract Blue Flag, 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir to make 1 pint. 

Add the fluid extract to the simple elixir and filter. 
Dose: One to two tablespoonfuls. 
Uses: Cathartic, emetic, diuretic. 

Elixir Black Haw. 

Black Haw Bark (of the Boot) 4 ounces. 

Alcohol, 4 

Water, 8 '' 

Glycerine, 2 " 

Simple Elixir to make 1 pint. 

Percolate the Black Haw in coarse powder with 
Alcohol and water until you have six ounces of per- 
colate; then add glycerine and elixir, and filter. 

Dose: From one to two teaspoonfuls. 

Uses. Said to be a specific in threatened abortion. 

Elixir of Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonia, 256 grains. 
Warm Distilled Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Aqua Ammonia, Q. S., to neutrahze. 
Simple Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Bismuth in the warm water adding 
the ammonia drop by drop until the solution is clear. 



ELIXIRS. 8i 



Add the Elixir and filter. Each fluid dram contains 
2 grains soluble Citrate of Bismuth. 

Properties: Antispasmodic absorbant tonic. 

Use: In dyspepsia cardialgis. 

Dose: Teaspoonful often repeated. 

Elixir Bismuth, Strychnia and Iron. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonia, 256 grains. 
Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonia, 128 ^' 
Hall's Solution of Strychnia, 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, Q. S., to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron and Ammonia in a little warm 
water, and after rubbing the Bismuth in a mortar add 
a little hot water to it. Add the two solutions to the 
elixir and lastly the strychnia and filter. 

Each fluid dram contains two grains of Iron, one of 
Bismuth and l-6Ith grain of Strychnia. 
Properties: Antispasmodic, Tonic, Sedative. 
Uses: Very useful in passive diarrhea, pyresis and 
affections of the bowels generally. 
Dose: One tablespoonful. 

Alterative Elixir. 

Black Cohosh, 1 ounce. 

Blood Boot, J '' 

Poke Boot, . 1 dram. 

Elder Flowers, IJ ounces. 

Sassafras Bark, 1^- ^' 

Spikenard Boot, IJ *' 

Alcohol, 4 

Water 4 

Simple Elixir to make 1 pint. 

Macerate the drugs with alcohol and water, and 
after a few days tranfser to percolator. 



ELIXIRS. 



Percolate until clear then add simple elixir. 

Dose. One to two teaspoonfuls. Used in the treat- 
ment of Scrofula, Syphilis, Rheumatism, and impuri- 
ties of the blood. 

Elixir Bromide of Ammonia. 

Bromide of Ammonia, 10 drams. 

Simple Elixir to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Bromide in the Elixir and filter. Dose. 
Teaspoonful. Each fluid dram contains five grains 
Bromide of Ammonia. Useful in nervous complaints. 



Elixir Call 


saya Bark 




Detannated. 




Calisaya bark in fin( 


3 powder. 


24 ounces. 


Bitter Orange Peel, 




IG " 


Coriander Seed, 




4 " 


Cardamon Seed, 




1 ounce. 


Ceylon Cinnamon, 




3 ounces 


Anise Seed, 




1 ounce. 



Exhaust the powdered drugs with a mixture of one 
part by measure of Alcohol and three of water so as 
to obtain twenty pints of percolate. From six pints 
of the officinal solution of tersulphate of Iron, prepare 
hydrated oxide of Iron ; wash it well, measure it, and 
to every four measures add one measure of Alcohol, 
then add of this to the percolate sufficient to deprive 
it of its cincho tannic acid. The absence of the latter 
will be ascertained by adding a drop of tincture of 
Iron to filtered portion. If coloration is exhibited add 
oxide of Iron to completely detannate. As soon as 
result is obtained throw in a muslin strainer and when 
the liquid ceases to pass, the residue is washed on the 
strainer with sufficient of a mixture of one measure of 
alcohol and three of water to make the strained 



ELIXIRS. 83 



liquid equal to five gallons. The elixir is then finished 
in the usual manner by adding two gallons of syrup. 

Both the methods here given have their advocates, 
and the only solution of this question is to try both 
and take your choice. 

Elixir Calisaya Bark. 

(Detannated ) 

Calisaya Bark, coarse powder, 640 grains. 

Percolating Menstruum, • 1 pint. 

Sugar, 6 ounces. 

Prepared Flavoring, 1 ounce. 

Percolate the powder with the percolating men- 
struum until 13 ounces are obtained; to this add one 
ounce white of egg to deprive it of cincho tannic acid; 
the absence of the latter is readily ascertained by a 
drop of muriate tincture of iron. A filtered portion of 
the liquid treated this way should not be colored by 
such admixture. Should coloration result the degree 
of faintness w^ill serve as a guide to the further quan- 
tity of albumen necessary to completely detannate the 
preparation. We can lay down no absolute rule as to 
the necessary amount of albumen to use in detannat- 
ing, as it depends on the astringent quality of the 
bark. Should too much albumen be used, p)recipitate 
with five grains citric acid and where too much acid 
is used filter through Magnesium. Lastly add the 
sugar and prepared flavoring. 
Dose: One to two teaspoonfuls. 

Elixir Calisaya with Hypophosphites. 

Hypophosphite of Calcium, 256 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Sodium, 256 " 

Fluid Extract Calisaya, 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, 14 



84 ELIXIRS. 

Eub the salts very fine and dissolve in separate por- 
tions of elixir and filter. 

Each fluid dram contains about five grains Calisaya 
and two grains each of the hypophosphites. 

Properties : Tonic and antiperiodic. 

Uses: Extensively used in tuberculosis and as a 
remedy for defects in the osseous system and as a 
remedy in Phthisis. 

Dose : Teaspoonf ul. 



Elixir Calisaya with Lactophosphateof Lime. 

Solution Phos. Lime, (see solutions) 1 ounce. 

Fluid Extract Calisaya Bark, 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, 14 '' 

Mix and filter. 

Each fluid dram contains one grain of Lactophos- 
phate of Lime and about five grains of Calisaya bark. 

Properties: Tonic, antiperiodic. 

Uses : In Tuberculosis and defects in the osseous 
system, and as a remedy in Phthisis. 

Dose : One teaspoonful. 



Elixir Belladonna. 

Tincture Belladonna, 2f ounces. 

■ Simple Elixir to make, 1 pint. 

Mix and filter. Each fluid dram contains about 
ten drops of the tincture. 

Properties : Powerful narcotic diaphoretic and di- 
uretic. 

Use: In dropsy, neuralgia, headache, pertusses. ' 
Dose : One teaspoonful repeated as needed 



ELIXIRS. 85 



Elixir Cartiiartic Cempouud. 

Calisaya Bark, moderate fine powder, 2 ounces. 
Butternut, the inner bark of the root 

dried and bruised, 2 " 

Senna, 2 

Dried Peppermint^ 1 ounce. 

Fennel Seed bruised, 1 " 

Black Cherry Bark, powdered, 1 " 

Poplar Park!^ 1 " 

Alcohol, 1 quart. 

Distilled Water, 1^- quarts. 

Simple Elixir, Ij pints. 

Digest for 14 days, and filter. 

Uses : A good laxative and cathartic. 

Dose : One tablespoonful once a day. 

Elixir Chloral Hydrate and Bromide of Potassium. 

Chloral Hydrate, 640 grains. 

Bromide of Potassium, 384 '' 

Simple Elixir, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Chloral Hydrate and the Bromide in 
the Elixir and filter. Each fluid dram contains five 
grains of Chloral and three grains of Bromide of Po- 
assium. 
Properties : Hypnotic, anodyne, nervous sedative. 
Uses : In melancholse insomnia. 
Dose : One to two teaspoonfuls. 

Elixir Chestnut Leaves. 

Fluid Ext. Chestnut Leaves, 4 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, 1 pint. 

Mix and filter. Each fluid dram contains about 
fifteen drops of the extract. 

Properties. Tonic and astringent. 

Use : In intermittents and whooping cough. 

Dose : One to three teaspoonfuls. 



S6 



ELIXIRS. 



Elixir of Calisaya or Cinchonia made from the Alkaloids, 

Sulphate of Quinine, 
" Cinchonia, 
'u ic Cinchonidia, 
Citric Acid, 
Alcohol, 
Boiling Water, 
Simple Elixir, 
Dissolve the acid in two drachms 
which add the Alcohol, and to this 
Quinine, Cinchonia and Cinchonidia, then add the re- 
mainder of the hot water; lastly add the simple Elixir. 
Color to suit. 

When this Elixir is to he used with any of the iron 
preparations omit the coloring. 
Dose : One to three teaspoonfuls. 



b grams. 
32 '' 
17 '' 
10 •' 

2 ounces. 

2 '' 
2i '' 

of the water, to 
solution add the 



Elixir Dandelion Comp. 

Dandelion Boot, 6 ounces. 

Wild Cherry, 4 " 

(rentian Root, 1 ounce. 

Orange Peel, 2 ounces. 

Cinnamon Bark, 1 ounce. 

Coriander Seed, 1 '• 

Anise Seed, 2 drachms. 

Caraway Seed, 2 " 

Licorice Boot, 2 

Simple Syrup, 1 ounce. 

Alcohol Water of each. Sufficient. 

Exhaust the powdered drugs by percolation with 
enough of^a mixture of one volume of Alcohol to three 
of water to obtain six pints and one-half of ])ercolate; 
mix this with the Simple Syrup and filter. 

This Elixir will be found an excellent preparation in 
which to administer quinine and to disguise its taste. 



ELIXIRS. 87 



Elixir Muriat3 of Ammonia. 

Muriate of Ammonia (powdered), 640 grains. 
Simple Elixir, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Ammonia in the Elixir and filter. 
Dose : Teaspoonful. Each fluid drachm contains 
five grains of Ammonia. 

Elixli' Areca Nut and Male Fern. 

Fluid Extract Areca Nut, 1 ounce. 

" " Pomegranate Boot, i^ " 

Kooso, , i " 



Male Fern, i " 

Glycerine, 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, to make 1 pint. 
Mix and filtter if necessary. 

Elixir Valerianate of Ammonia. 

Valeranate of Ammonia in Crystals, 256 grains. 
Cochineal Coloring, i Fl. dr'm. 

Simple Elixir, 15i ounces. 

Dissolve the Ammonia in two ounces of the Elixir 
and carefully add Water of Ammonia until the solu- 
tion is exactly neutral to test paper, then add balance 
of Simple Elixir and coloring. 

Dose : Teaspoonful. Each fluid, drachm contains 
two grains Valerianate Ammonia. 

Elixir Pepsin. 

SaccharatedPepsine, 256 grains. 

Muriatic Acid, q. s. 

Glycerine, 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, to make 1 pint. 

Shake the Pepsine in a portion of the Elixir and add 
sufficient Muriatic Acid — about two drachms. When 
all is dissolved add the Glycerine and balance of Elixir 
and filter. 



ELIXIRS. 



Eacli fluid drachm contains two grains of Pepsine. 
Uses: For indigestion, dyspepsia, vomiting in preg- 
nancy. 

Dose : One to three teaspoonfuls. 

Elixir Pepsin and Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonia, 256 grains. 
Warm Distilled Water, 1 ounce. 

Water of Ammonia, q. s. 

Elixir of Pepsine, 15 ounces. 

Dissolve the Bismuth in the warm water, adding 
aqua ammonia sufficient to neutralize. Mix with 
Elixir and filter. Each fluid drachm contains two 
grains each, Pepsine and Bismuth. 

Uses: Indigestion, dyspepsia, cholera infantum. 
Dose : One to two teaspoonfuls. 

Elixir Pepsin and Strychnia. 

Hall's Solution of Strychnia, 2 fl. ounces. 
Elixir Pepsine, 14 '' '' 

Mix. 
Each fluid drachm contains 1-64 grain Strychnia 
and two grains Pepsine. 

Uses: Increases the appetite, aids digestion and 
valuable in diarrhoea. 

Dose : One teaspoonful, can increase to two. 

Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth and Strychnia. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonia, 256 grains. 
Hall's Solution of Strychnia, 2 ounces. 

Warm Water, 1 ounce. 

Elixir Pepsine, 13 ounces. 

Dissolve the Bismuth in the Ammonia by the aid of 
a few drops of Aqua Ammonia. Mix and filter. Each 



ELIXIRS. 



fluid drachm contains two grains each of Bismuth and 
Pepsine, and 1-64 of a grain of Strychnia. 

Uses : It has been found very useful in dyspepsia, 
gastralgia and in all the numerous disorders depending 
on want of tone and vigor of the stomach and diges- 
tive organs. 

Dose : One teaspoonful. 

Elixir Pepsin« Bismuth and Iron. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonia, 256 grains. 
Elixir Pepsine and Bismuth, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron in hot water • add the Elixir and 
filter. 

Each fluid drachm contains two grains each of 
Pepsine, Bismuth and Iron. 

Uses : Same as previous formula. 
Dose : One teaspoonful. 

Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth, Iron and Strychnia. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonia, 256 grains. 
Citrate of Iron and Ammonia, 256 " 

Hall's Solution of Strychnia, 2 ounces. 

Elixir Pepsine q. s., to make 1 pint. 

Eub the Bismuth to a fine powder and add it 
gradually to about one ounce of hot water, then add 
a few drops of Aqua Ammonia to make clear. Dis- 
solve the Iron in one ounce of hot water. Mix and 
filter. 

Each fluid drachm contains two grains each of Bis- 
muth,Iron and Pepsine and 1-64 of a grain of Strychnia. 
Uses : Same as Elixir Pepsine, Bismuth and 
Strychnia. 
Dose : One teaspoonful. 



90 ELIXIRS. 



Elixir Pepsin, Iron and Strychnia, 

Hall's Solution of Strychnia, 2 ounces. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonia, 256 grains. 

Elixir of Pepsine, 14 ounces. 

Mix and filter. 

Each fluid drachm contains 1-64 of a grain of Strych- 
nia and two grains each of Pepsine and Iron. 
Dose : One teaspoonful. 

Elixir Pepsin and Quinia 

Sulphate of Quinia, 256 grains. 

Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, q. s. 

Elixir of Pepsine, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Quinia in just enough Acid to cut it. 
Add the Elixir of Pepsine and filter. 

Each fluid drachm contains two grains each of 
Quinia and Pepsine. 
Dose : One teaspoonful. 

Elixir of Pepsin, Bismuth, Iron and Caiisaya. 

Fluid Extract of Caiisaya, 2 ounces. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonia, 256 grains. 
Citrate of Iron and Ammonia, 128 " 

Saacharated Pepsine 256 '* 

Water, 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, 12 '' 

Kub the Pepsine with the water and allow it to stand 
for two or three days, then dissolve the Bismuth and 
Ammonia in water with the help of a few grains of Car- 
bonate of Ammonia. Eub the Iron and Ammonia 
wdth the Elixir until dissolved. Mix the two solutions 
with the Caiisaya and allow to remain for a few days 
undisturbed, and filter if necessary. 
Dose : Teaspoonful 



ELIXIRS. 




91 


Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron 

Sulphate of Quinine, 
Citric Acid, 

Pyropliosphate of Iron, 
Aqua Ammonia, 
Simple Elixir, to make 


and Quinine. 

128 grains. 
20 '' 
256 ^' 
Q. S. 
1 pint. 





Dissolve in the Elixir, in two portions, the Citric 
Acid and the Quinine. Mix gradually and allow to 
stand a short time. Lastly dissolve the Iron in a little 
hot water and mix very slowly. In order to clarify 
add a few drops Aqua Ammonia very slowly. 

Each drachm contains one grain Quinine and two 
of Pyrophosphate of Iron. 

Uses: Yery useful in general debility and inter- 
mitt ant fevers. 

Dose : Teaspoonful. 

Elixir of Quinia. 

Sulphate of Quinia, 128 grains. 

Citric Acid, 20 '' 

Aqua Ammonia, q. s. 

Simple Elixir, to make 1 pint. 

Take two portions of the Elixir, in one dissolve the 
Citric Acid and in the other dissolve the Quinia by 
rubbing in a mortar. 

Mix the solutions and add the balance of Elixir. 
Add a few drops Aqua Ammonia to make the solution 
clear, adding just sufficient to clarify. Use a little 
test paper. It is a good plan to mix the Aqua Am- 
monia with about twice as much Elixir before adding 
it to the solution. 

Dose : One to two teaspoonfuls. 



92 ELIXIRS. 



Elixir Rhubarb Columbo and Iron. 

Ehubarb in coarse powder, 640 grains. 

Columbo in coarse pwder, 640 '' 

Pyrophosphate of Iron, 128 '' 

Warm Water, 1 ounce. 

Sugar. 6 ounces. 

Citric Acid, q. s. 

Diluted Alcohol, 15 

Prepared Flavoring, 1 ounce. 

Percolate the powders with the dilute alcohol until 
14 ounces are obtained ; remove the tannin with q. s. 
albumen and citric acid, then add the sugar and pre- 
pared flavoring and finally add the iron previously dis- 
solved in hot water, and filter. 

Each fluid dram contains five grains each of Rhu- 
barb and Columbo and one grain of the hypophos- 
phate of iron. 

Properties. Purgative, stomachic. 

Uses. Dyspepsia, chronic diarrhoea, and Dysentery. 

Dose. One teaspoonful. 

Elixir Valerianate of Ammonia with Quinine. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Elixir Valerianate of Ammonia, 15 fl. ounces. 
Filter if necessary. 
Dose. Teaspoonful. 

Each fluid dram contains 2 grains Valerianate of 
Ammonia and one grain Sulphate of Quinine. 

Uses. In neuralgia and diseases of the nervous sys- 
tem, such as hysteria, etc. 

Elixir Valerianate of Ammonia and Morphia. 

Elixir Valerianate of Ammonia, 16 ounces. 
Sulphate of Morphia, 16 grains-. 



ELIXIRS. 93 



Kub the morphia with one ounce of the ehxir until 
dissolved then add remaining elixir. 

Dose. Teaspoonful. 

Each fluid dram contains two grains Valerianate of 
Ammonia and one-eighth grain Morphia. 

Uses. The same as Valerianate xlmmonia. 

Elixir Valerianate of Ammonia. 

CrystaHzed Valerianate of iVmmonia, 256 grains. 

Comp. Tinct. Cochineal, i fl. dr. 

Simple Elixir, loj ounces. 

Dissolve the Valerianate in t\^o ounces of the elixir, 
add water of ammonia, q. s., to neutralize^ then add 
the Cochineal and balance of Simple Elixir. 

Each fluid dram contains two grains of Valerianate 
of Ammonia. 

Properties. Antispasmodic and nervous stimulant. 

Uses. Intermittent and as a nervous tonic. 
Dose One to two teaspoonfuls. 

Elixir Gentian and Strychnia. 

Fluid Extract Gentian, 4 ounces. 

Hall's Solution Strychnia, 2 

Simple Elixir to make 1 pinfc. 

Mix and filter. 

Each fluid dram contains 15 drops fluid extract 
Gentian and l-64th grain of Strychnia. 

Uses: Eecommended in diarrhoea, great general 
prostration and as a powerful tonic. 
Dose : Teaspoonful. 

Elixir Gentian Iron and Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonia, 256 grains. 
Elixir Gentian and Iron, 15 ounces. 

Dissolve the Bismuth in one ounce of hot water ; 
add the elixir and filter. 



94 ELIXIRS. 



Each fluid diam contains two grains of Bismuth, 
one of Iron and three of Gentian. 
Uses : Same as Ehxir of Gentian and Bismuth. 
Dose : Teaspoonful. 

Elixir Iodide of Potassium. 

Iodide of Potassium, 512 grains. 

Simple Ehxir, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iodide in the elixir and filter. 
Each fluid dram contains four grains of Potassium. 
Uses: Highly recommended in Intermittent and 
Eemittent fevers where quinine cannot be tolerated. 
Dose : One to two teaspoonfuls. 

Elixir Gentian and Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonia, 384 grains. 
Elixir of Gentian, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Bismuth by the aid of a little hot 
water, first rubbing to a fine powder in a mortar and 
clarifying by adding a few drops of aqua ammonia. 

Mix and filter. 

Each fluid dram contains three grains of Bismuth 
and Gentian each. 

Uses: In dyspepsia, diarrhoea, general debility, 
^reat exhaustion, jaundice. 

Dose: Teaspoonful. 

Elixir Lactate of Iron, 

Solution Protoxide of Iron, (see solu- 
tions) 1 ounce. 
Concentrated Lactic Acid, 1^ drams. 
Simple Elixir to make 1 pint. 
Mix and filter. 

Each fluid dram contains nearly one grain of lacto 
citrate of iron. 



ELIXIRS. 95 



Uses: Eecomm ended in chlorosis Anaemia and 
Amenorrhea. 

Dose : Teaspoonful. 

Elixir Lactophosphate of Iron and Lime. 

Solution Lactophosphate of Lime, Ij ounces. 

Solution Lactophosphate of Iron, i ounce. 

Solution Phosphoric Acid, ' 2 " 

Simple Ehxir to make, 1 pint. - 

Mix and filter. 

Each fluid dram contains two grains of the Iron and 
Lime combined. 

Uses : Recommended in deficient nutrition in the 
different forms of scrofula, phthisis and dyspepsia. 
Dose : Teaspoonful. 



Elixir Taraxicum Comp. . 

Fluid Extract Dandelion, 6 fl. drams. 

Fluid Extract Wild Cherry, 4 " 

Fluid Extract Gentian, 30 drops. 

Fluid Extract Liquorice, 30 '' 

Simple Elixir, 141- fl. ounces. 

Mix. 

Used in torpor and enlargement of the liver ; in 
uterine obstruction, jaundice and dropsy. 

Dose : One to two teaspoonfuls. 

Elixir iodide of Calcium. 

Iodide of Calcium, 256 grains. 

Simple Elixir, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iodide in in the elixir and filter. 
Each fluid dram contains two grains Iodide of Cal- 
cium. 
Uses : In Scrofula, Bronchoele and Chloresis. 
Dose : Teaspoonful. 



CHAPTEE X. 



MEDICATED SYRUPS, 

Memory Work. 

Def. — A syrup is a concentrated solution of sugar 
in water or aqueous liquid. 

There are three kinds of syrups . 

Simple, Medicated or Compound, and Flavoring 
Syrup. 

There are four officinal methods for preparing 
Syrups : 

Ist. — Solutions with heat. 
2d. — Agitation without heat. 
3d. — Simple addition. 
4th. — Digestion or Maceration. 

There are thirty-four Syrups, divided into four 
classes, recognized in our Pharmacopoea of 1880. 

For a complete list of all officinal Syrups see 
Bemington's Pharmacy. 

A few practical hints in regard to making Medi cated 
Syrups may prove acceptable. Many of them are now 
made with Fluid Extracts. When such is the case, 
add the Fluid Extract to the Water, or whatever 
menstruum may be used, then filter clear; in the 
filtrate dissolve the Sugar, either by agitation or by 
means of a water bath, and strain. A nice clear 
Syrup is the result. 

In making Syrup of Ipecac or Syrup of Senega, it is 
a good plan to heat the Simple Syrup, before adding 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. 97 

the Fluid Extract, and to clarify with a little Isinglass 
before the Medicated Syrup is strained. 

Clarification of Sugar for Syrups. 

When inferior Sugar is employed, clarification is 
always necessary. This is best done by dissolving 
the Sugar in the Water or Fruit Juices cold, and then 
beating up a little of the cold Syrup with some white 
of eggj and one or two ounces of cold Water until the 
mixture froths well ; this must be added to the Syrup 
in the boiler, and the whole whisked up to a good 
froth; heat should now be applied, and the scum 
which forms removed from time to time with a clean 
skimmer. As soon as the syrup begins to slightly 
simmer, it must be removed from the fire and allowed 
to stand until it has cooled a little, when it should 
be again skimmed, if necessary, and then passed 
through a clean flannel. When vegetable infusions 
or solutions enter into the composition of syrups, 
they should be rendered perfectly transparent, by fil- 
tration or clarification, before being added to the 
sugar. 

Filters for Syrups. 

Syrups are usually filtered on the large scale, by 
passing them through creased bag filters ; on the small 
scale, conical flannel bags are usually adopted. 
Thick syrups filter with difliculty, hence it is a good 
plan to dilute them before filtering, and afterwards 
evaporate them to the required consistency. For 
small quantities clarification involves less trouble 
than filtration. ■ 

To Make a Conical Filter. 

Take a square piece of flannel or Canton flannel, 
fold it diagonally, and sew two of the corresponding 
edges together, with an over-lap seam, leaving the 
other two edges open; then fold the open edge over, 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. 



siiificiently to make the opening level. This fold 
gives a considerable degree of stiffness to the open 
end. preventing the filter in some measure from col- 
lapsing. Professor Parrish, in his book on Practical 
Pharmacy, recommends the use of a conical wire 
frame, to support the filter. The frame is made to 
fit into the top of a suitable tin bucket, being sup- 
ported by a rim or flange around the top of the frame, 
projecting sufficiently to rest on the edge of the 
bucket. The filter must fit the frame. 

Quantity of Su^ar Used in Making Syrups. 

The proper quantity of Sugar for Syrups will, in 
general, be found to be two pounds avoirdupois to 
every pint of water or thin aqueous fluid. These pro- 
portions allow for the water that is lost by evapora- 
tion during the process, and are those best calculated 
to produce a syrup of the proper consistence, and pos- 
sessing good keeping qualities. They closely corres- 
pond to those recommended by Guibourt for the 
production of a perfect syrup, which, he says, consists 
of 30 parts sugar, to 16 parts Vv^ater. To make highly 
transparent syrups, the sugar should be in a single 
lump, and by preference taken from the bottom or 
broad end of the loaf; as, when taken from the 
smaller end, or if it be powdered or bruised, the syrup 
will be more or less cloudy. 

Amount of Heat to ba Employed in Making Syrups. 

In the preparation of Syrups it is of great impor- 
tance to employ as little heat as possible, as a solu- 
tion of sugar, even when kept at the temperature of 
boiling water, undergoes slow decomposition. The 
best plan is to pour the water (cold) over the sugar, 
and to allow the two to lie together for a few hours, 
in a covered vessel, occasionally stirring, and then to 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. 



99 



apply a gentle heat, preferably that of a steam or 
water bath, to finish the solution. Some persons 
(falsely) deem a syrup ill prepared unless it has been 
allowed to boil well ; but if this method be adopted, 
the ebullition should be only of the gentlest kind 
(simmering), and should be checked after the lapse of 
one or two minutes. When it is necessary to thicken 
a Syrup by boiling, a few fragments of glass should 
be introduced, in order to lower the boiling point. 
In boiling Syrups, if they appear likely to boil over, 
a little oil, or rubbing the edge of the pan with soap, 
will prevent it. Syrups are judged by the manufac- 
turer to be sufficiently boiled, when some taken up in 
a spoon pours out like oil; or a drop cooled on the 
thumb nail gives a proper thread when touched. 
When a thin skin appears on blowing upon the 
syrup, it is judged to be completely saturated. These 
rude tests often lead to errors, which might be easily 
prevented by employing the proper proportions, or 
determining the specific gravity. 

Table of Specific Gravities of Syrups. 

The degrees of Baume here given are those of his 
heavy saccharometer. 



Sugar in 100 parts. 


Specific Gravity. 


Degrees Baume. 





1.000 


0^ 


5 


1.020 


3 


10 


1.040 


6 


15 


1.062 


8 


20 


1081 


11 


25 


1.104 


13.5 


30 


1.12<S 


16.3 


35 


1 . 152 


19 


40 


1.177 


21.6 


45 


1.204 


24.5 


50 


1.230 


27 


55 


1.257 


29.5 


60 


1.284 


32 


67 


1.321 


35 



loo MEDICATED SYRUPS. 

The latter density is about the syrups of the phar- 
macopoeias; that of the U. S. Ph. has a sp. grav. 
1.317; that of the British Ph. is 1.330. 

To Determsne the Density of Syrup, 

A fluid ounce of saturated syrup weighs 577^ grains ; 
a gallon weighs 135 pounds avoirdupois ; its specific 
gravity is 1.319 to 1.321, or 35^ Baume; its boiling 
point is 221^ Fah., and its density at a temperature of 
212^ is 1.260 to 1.261, or 30^ Baume. The syrups pre- 
pared with the juices of fruits mark about 2^ or 3° 
more on Baume's scale than the other syrups. 
(Gooley.) According to Ure, the decimal part of the 
number denoting the specific gravity of a syrup, mul- 
tiplied by 26, gives the number of pounds of sugar it 
contains per gallon, very nearly. 

To Preserve Syrups. 

The preservation of syrups, as well as of all saccha- 
rine solutions, is best promoted by keeping them in a 
moderately cool, but not a very cold place. Let syrups 
be kept in vessels well closed, and in a situation where 
the temperature never rises above 55"^ Fah. They are 
better kept in small than in large bottles, as the longer 
a bottle lasts, the more frequently it will be opened, and, 
consequently, the more it will be exposed to the air. 
By bottling syrups whilst boiling hot, and immediately 
corking down and tying the bottles over with bladder, 
perfectly air-tight, they may be preserved, even at a 
summer heat, for years, without fermenting or losing 
their transparency. 

To Prevent Syrups from Candying. 

The candying or crystalization of syrup, unless it 
be over-saturated with sugar, may be prevented by the 
addition of a little acetic or citric acid (2 or 3 drachms 
per gallon) ; confectioners add a little cream of tartar 
to the sugar, to prevent granulation. 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. loi 

To Prevent Syrups from Fermenting. 

The fermentation of syrups may be effectually pre- 
vented by the addition of a little sulphite of potassa 
or of lime. A celebrated French chemist recommends 
the addition of about 3 to 4 per cent sugar of milk, 
with the same intention. Fermenting syrups may be 
immediately restored by exposing the vessel contain- 
ing them to the temperature of boiling water. The 
addition of a little spirit is also good. 

A small amount of glycerine will be found good. 

Syrup Hypophosphites Compound. 

Hypophosphite of Lime, 256 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Potassa, . 128 '' 

Hypophosphite of Soda, 192 " 

Hypophosphite of Iron, 96 '' 

Sol. Hypophospho Acid, q. s. or 240 " 
White Sugar, 12 ounces. 

Extract Vanilla, 1 drachm. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Dissolve the lime, soda and potassa in six ounces of 
water ; put the Iron in a mortar and gradually add 
the hypophosphorous acid until it is dissolved ; to this 
add the other solution (after it has been rendered 
slightly acidulous with the same acid), and then water 
until the whole measures 9 fluid ounces. Dissolve the 
sugar in this, with heat, and flavor with the vanilla. 

BemarJcs. — Any other flavoring may be used, such 
as ginger, orange peel, or orange flower. It is also 
suggested that glycerine may be used, partially or 
wholly, instead of sugar, using, six ounces and a half 
of glycerine to 12 of sugar. 

Uses. — A convenient method of administering the 
combined hypophosphites, which are useful in scrof- 



I02 MEDICATED SYRUPS. 

ula, hysteria, and other diseases arising from an im- 
poverished condition of the blood. 
Dose. — One or two teaspoonfuls. 

Syrup Sarsaparilla Compound. 

Sarsaparilla (coarse), 2\ Troy ounces. 

Guaiacum Wood (coarse) 3 '' " 

Pale Bose, ^ 

Senna, ;>ofeach2 " " 

Licorice, (coarse) J 

Oil Sassafras, > ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ 

Oil Anise, ) 

Oil Gaultheria, 3 drops. 

Sugar (coarse), 96 Troy ounces. . 

Dilute Alcohol, q. s. 

Mix the solid ingredients, except the sugar, with 
three pints of dilute alcohol, and allow this to stand 
for twenty-four hours, transfer to percolator and pour 
on dilute alcohol until ten pints of tincture have passed. 
Evaporate this with water-bath to four pints; filter. 
Add sugar and dissolve by gentle heat, and strain 
while hot. Lastly, rub oils with a small portion of 
mixture, and mix them thoroughly with the remainder. 
Uses. — Sarsaparilla, wdien given alone, is of little 
value as a medicine, popular belief to the contrary 
notwithstanding. It is, however, a convenient vehicle 
for the administration of Iodide of Potassium, and is 
much used in the treatment of scrofula, syphilis and 
other blood diseases. 
Dose. — A Tablespoonful. 

Syrup Hypophosphites of Manganese. 



Sulphate of Manganese, 


240 grains. 


Hypophosphite of Calcium, 


160 


Water sufficient. 




Orange Flower Water, 


1 ounce. 


Sugar, 


2 pounds 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. 103 

Dissolve the manganese and calcium separately in 
sufficient water. Mix. Then wash the precipitate 
evaporate the filtrate to one pint, dissolve in this the 
sugar, by the aid of a gentle heat, and add orange 
flower water. Each drachm contains two and one- 
third grains hypophosphite of manganese. 

Uses. — May be given in scrofula, obstinate ulcers 
and syphilis. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful. 

Syrup Iodide of Iron and Quinine* 

Iodine, 75 grains. 

Iron Filings, 30 

Water, 5 drachms. 

Simple Syrup, 36 ounces, avoir. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 15 grains. 

Aromatic Sulph. Acid, sufficient. 

Digest the iron filings with the iodine -and water at 
a gentle heat, until the solution is colorless ; filter it 
into the simple syrup; mix well, and add it to the 
quinine solution. 

Uses. — May be used with success in scrofula and 
kindred diseases. 

Dose. — One-half to one teaspoonful. 

Syrup Iodide of Iron- 

Iodine (dry) 960 grains. 

Warm Distilled Water, 3 ounces. 

Iron Filings, sufficient, or 300 grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Dissolve the dry iodine in the warm water, in a 
matrass, add the filings to the mixture, and shake un- 
til it has acquired a green color and has lost all its 
smell of iodine. Filter the solution and mix the sim- 



450 


grains. 


500 


grains. 


25i 


ounces. 


47 


a 


6 drachms. 



104 MEDICATED SYRUPS. 

pie syrup. The finished product is to measure twenty 
fluid ounces. 

Uses. — Same as preceeding formula. 

Dose. — Ten drops to one teaspoonful. 

Syruo Lactophosphate of Lime. 

Bibasic Phosphate of Lime, 
Concentrated Lactic Acid, 

q. s. or about 
Distilled Water, 
White Sugar, 
Essence of Lemon, 
Carefully divide the phosphate in the distilled 
water, add the acid in quantity just sufficient to dis- 
solve the salt, and then add the sugar. This being 
dissolved without heat, or a very gentle one, strain 
the syrup, and, when cold, add the essence of lemon. 
Each fluid drachm contains nearly three grains of 
bibasic phosphate of lime. 

Uses. — May be given in some cases of dyspepsia, or 
in scrofula and caries. 
Dose — One or two teaspoonfuls. 

Syrup Lactophosphate of Lime and Pepsin. 

Syrup Lactophosphate of Lime, 1 pint. 

Powdered Pepsin, 256 grains. 

Dissolve the pepsin in a portion of the syrup, add 
to remaining syrup, and after two days filter. 

Each fluid drachm contains about three grains of 
lime and two grains of pepsin. 
Uses. — Same as preceding. 
Dose. — One or two teaspoonfuls. 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. 105 

Syrup Lactophosphate of Lime No. 2. 

Concentrated Lactic Acid, 1 Troy ounce. 

Magma of Phosphate Lime, sufiicient. 

Orange Flower Water, Ij fluid ounces. 

Water enough to complete, 8 " " 

Sugar, 11 ounces. 

Dissolve in the lactic acid as much of the phosphate 
as it will take up ; add the water, filter and dissolve 
the sugar in the filtrate without heat. 
Dose.— One to three teaspoonfuls. 

Syrup Chloroform. 

Chloroform, 20 drops. 

Alcohol, 90 minims. 

Simple Syrup, 3 ounces. 

Mix the chloroform and the alcohol, and to the solu- 
tion add the simple syrup. A good addition to bitter 
mixtures and drops. 
Dose. — One or two teaspoonfuls could be given. 
Syrup Phosphate of Iron, Quinia and Strychnia. 

Sulphate of Iron, 5 drachms. 

Phosphate of Soda, 1 ounce. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 192 grains. 

Strychnia, - 4 '' 

Diluted Phos. Acid, 14 ounces. 

White Sugar, . 14 '^ 

Ammonia, sufficient. 

Sulphuric Acid, " 

Dissolve the sulphate ofiron in one ounce of boiling 
water, and the soda in two ounces; mix the solutions 
and washthe precipitated phosphate of iron until the 
washings are tasteless. With sufficient aro. sul. acid 
dissolve the quinine in two ounces of water, and pre- 
cipitate the quinine with the slightest possible excess 



io6 MEDICATED SYRUPS. 

of ammonia. Wash carefully the precipitated alka- 
loid. Dissolve in the phosphoric acid the iron, the 
quinine and the strychnia ; then add the sugar, and, 
lastly, dissolve it without heat. Care should he taken 
that nothing but the absolute, pure, tribasic phos- 
phoric acid is used, that which is obtained from 
phosphorus. 

Each fluid drachm contains one grain of quinine, 
and 1-32 of a grain of strychnia. 

Uses. — An exellent nerve tonic. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful, three or four times daily. 

Syrup Hypophosphite Compound. 

Iron pyrophosphate grs. 15 

Sodium hypophosphite " 45 

Manganese " or sulphate '' 15 

Quinine sulphate " 5 

Strychnine(dissolved) " i 

Syrup sufficient to make fi. ounces 16 

Dissolve by trituration in a warm mortar without 
the additon of acid. 

Syrup of Hypophosphites of Potassium and Sodium. 

The following formula makes a good syrup, contain- 
ing the salts in the usual proportions prescribed: 

Hypophosphite of calcium ! Ij ^ 

Hypophosphite of sodium i^ 

Critic acid : 2 5 

Water 20 fl. E 

Orange-flower water .... 1 fl. ^ 

Sugar 25 E 

Dissolve the hypophosphites by gradually triturat- 
ting them with cold water in a mortar ; should there 
remain (as is usually the case), a trifling quantity of 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. 107 

the salts undissolved, let tlie solution settle, pour off 
nearly the whole of it, and add to the residue the citric 
acid, which will cause complete solution. Then 
filter, add the sugar, and dissolve it by agitation with- 
out heat. Strain, and finally add the orange-flower 
water. 

Compound Syrup of Hypophosphites— (Compound 
Hypophosphites.) 

Hypophosphite of calcium grains 256 

'^ potassium. '' 128 

''sodium '' 128 

'' '' manganese " 16 

Solution of hypophosphite of iron, minims 96 

Sulphate of Quinine grains 8 

Fluid ext. of nux vomica fluidram i 

Sugar av. ounces 12 

Water fluidounces 7 

Hydrochloric acid a sufficient quantity 

Syrup enough to make fluidounces 16 

Dissolve the solid hypophosphites in the water, add 
the sugar, and shake until it is dissolved. Mix the 
sulphate of quinine with about 1 fi. oz. of the solution^ 
and add enough hydrocholoric acid (about 3 drops) to 
dissolve it. Then mix it with the rest of the solution, 
add the fluid extract of nux vomica, and finally 
enough syrup to make 16 fluidounces. 

Each fluidram contains 2 grains of hypophosphite 
of calcium ; 1 grain each of hypophosphite of potassium 
and sodium; i grain each of hypophosphite of iron 
and manganese, and smaller quantities of bitter 
alkaloids. 

Note — The syrap should not be confounded with the 
Syrupus Hypophosphitum (Syrup of the Hypophos- 
phites) of the U.S. Phar. 1880. 



io8 MEDICATED SYRUPS. 

Syrup Calcium and Sodium Lactophosphates. 

Calcium phosphate grains 180 

Sodium phosphate " 90 

Lactic acid ^' 400 

Orange flower water fi. oz. 1 

Sugar, granulated ounces 10 

Hydrochloric acid, ammonia water each sufficient. 

Water sufficient to make 11. oz 16 

In the lactic acid dissolve the calcium phosphate, 
previously precipitated by ammonia from its acid soul- 
tion as directed in the officinal formula for syrup cal- 
cium lactophosphate ; to the solution add the sodium 
phosphate and the orange flower water, and water 
sufficient to make 10 fluid ounces. Filter the solution ; 
in the flltrate dissolve the sugar without the aid of 
heat, and finally strain the syrup and add sufiicient 
water to measure 16 fluid ounces. 

Syrup Morphia, Compound- 

Fluid Extract Ipecac, i drachm. 

Syrup of Senega, 3 drachms. 

Syrup of Khubarb, 4 " 

Simple Syrup, 31 ounces. 

Muriate Morphia, 8 grains. 

Ess. of Sassafras, q. s. to flavor. 
Mix. This is known as Jackson's Cough Syrup. 
Dose. — One or two teaspoonfuls, as required. 

Syrup Acetate Morphia. 

Acetate Morphia, , 4 grains. 

Clarified Syrup. 1 pound. 

Mix the Morphia with a small quantity of water, 
and when dissolved add to the syrup. 
Dose. — For adults, from one to four drachms. 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. 109 

Syrup Sulohate Morphia. 

Sulphate of Morphia, 4 grains. 

Clarified Syrup, 1 pound. 

Mix the morphia with a small quantity of water, and 
when dissolved add to syrup. 
Dose. — For adults, from one to four drachms. 

Syrup Hypophosphites, Compound of Lime, Soda, Pctassa 

and Iron. 

Hypophosphite of Lime 256 grains. 

Hyphophosphite of Soda, 172 

Hypophosphite of Potassa-, 128 " 

Proto. Sulphate of Iron, 185 " 

Hypophosphorous Acid, 9 fl. drs. 

Sugar 12 Troy ozs. 

Water, sufficient. 

Dissolve 96 grains of the lime in four ounces of 
water, with the aid of heat, and acidulate the solution 
with a small portion of the acid. Dissolve the Iron 
in two ounces of water and mix the two solutions ; let 
stand for a short time, and pour into a paper filter with 
a small quantity of water, acidulate as before, and pre- 
serve the filtrate. Dissolve the remaining Lime, with 
the other hypophosphites, in four fluid ounces of water, 
with the aid of heat, adding the remaining acid. Mix 
the solutions and preserve the filtrate, adding sufficient 
water to complete 10 ounces, and pour the liquid into 
a bottle containing the sugar. Agitate the mixture, 
occasionally, until the solution is complete ; filter if 
necessary. 

This is the formula adopted by the Pharmaceutical 
Association. 

Each teaspoonful contains 3 4-5 grains of Lime 2 3- 
20 grains of soda, 1 3-5 grains Potassa. 

Uses — A remedy highly valued by physicians in the 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. 



treatment of dyspepsia, pulmonary phthisis, sexual 
debility, and all those diseases where there are wasted 
tissues and a lack of vital force. 
Dose. — One teaspoonful, two or three times daily. 

Syrup HypoDhosphites, Compound of Iron, Quinine, and 

Strychnia 

Ferrous Oxide, 320 grains. 

Quinine, pure, 64 *' 

Strychnia, 1 grain. 

Hypophosphorous Acid, 10 drachms. 

White Sugar, 2 ounces. 

Orange Flower Water, suf. for 8 " 
Dissolve the Ferrous Oxide, the Quinine, and the 
Strychina in the Hypophosphorous Acid, add the 
sugar and sufficient Orange Flower water to com- 
plete themeasure of 8 ounces. 

Each teaspoonful contains 5 grains of Oxide of Iron, 
one grain of Quinine, and 1-64 grain of Strychine. 
Uses. — An excellent tonic. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful, three times daily for an 
adult. 

Syrup of Sarsaparilla with Iodide of Calcium, 

Com. Fid. Ext. Sarsaparilla, 4 ounces. 

Iodide of Calcium, 2 drachms. 

Boiling Water, 3 ounces. 

Syrup, 14 

Extract Vanilla, q. s. 

Rub the Calcium with the boiling water, until the 
solution becomes white. Filter the solution from the 
precipitate, and add the extract and syrup, ^mix and 
flavor with the Vanilla. Each fluid drachm contains 
nearly one grain of calcium, and about 4^ drops of Sar- 
saparailla. 

Uses : Given in erysipelas, scrofula, etc. 
Dose: One to three teaspoonfuls. 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. iii 

Syrup Manna. 

Flake Manna, 10 ounces. 

Hot Water, 12 

Make a solution, strain and add 

Sugar, 1 pound. 

Dissolve by a gentle heat. 
Uses. — This is an elegant laxative. 
Dose. — A tahlespoonful, or more. 

Syrup of Lemon. 

Lemon Juice, fresh strained 1 pint. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, 48 ounces. 

Water, 1 pint. 

Mix the Lemon Juice and water together, add the 
sugar, dissolve it by a gentle heat, strain while hot. 

Syrup Black Snake Root, Compound. 

Black Snake-Root, l^- ounces. 

Wild Cherry, 2i " 

Ipecac Root, i ounce. 

Ext. Licorice, powered, i 

Simple Syrup, 16 ounces. 

Bruise the Snake-Root and Ipecac fine, and saturate 
with eight ounces of Alcohol for twenty-four hours ; 
transfer to a percolator and run through two pints of 
diluted Alcohol. Evaporate to one pint by water-bath, 
then add the syrup and Licorice. Lastly, take the Wild 
Cherry, moderately fine, put in a percolator and run 
eight ounces of cold water through. Mix to- 
gether and shake well. 

Uses : This is a good method of administering the 
Black Cohosh. It is given in chronic bronchitis, 
Chorea, a tonic, amenorrhoea, etc. 
Dose : One-half to one tahlespoonful. 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. 



Syrup Pinus, Compound. 




White Gum Turpentine, 


2 drachms. 


Sulphate of Morphia, 


8 grains. 


Fluid Ext. Ipecac, 


J ounce. 


Chloroform, 


1 drachm. 


Sugar, 


14 ounces. 


Water, 


6 


x\lcohol, 


3 


Carbonate of Magnesia, 


q. s. 



Dissolve the Gum Turpentine in the Alcohol, add the 
Ipecac and Morphia, rub well with the Magnesia, add 
the sugar and Avater, filter, and, lastly, add the Chloro- 
form . 

This is a valuable addition to cough syrups. 

Dose: One teaspoonful. 

Syrup Cod-Liver Oil. 

Cod-Liver Oil, 8 ounces. 

Gum Acacia, pulverized, 5 " 

Water, 12 

Simple Syrup, 4 '' 

White Sugar, 24 

Make an emulsion of the first four ingredients, and 
dissolve the sugur at a moderate heat, then add orange 
flower water, two ounces. 

Uses : A good mathod of giving Cod-liver oil, as it 
serves to partially mask the disagreeable taste. 
Dose : Two teaspoonfuls. 

Syrup Sulphate Quinine. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 64 grains. 

Aro. Sulph. Acid, q. s. 

Simple Syrup, 1 pint. 

DissolVe tli3 qumine in as small a portion of the Aro. 
Sulph. Acid as possible; add the syrup and filter. 
Each teaspoonful contains one-half grain of Quinine. 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. T13 

Uses : A convenient and pleasant method of admin- 
istering Quinine to children. 

Dose : From one-half to two teaspoonfuls, accord- 
ing to age. 

Syrup Wild Ginger. 

Wild Ginger Koot, bruised, H ounces. 

Carbonate Potassium, 30 grains. 

Cochineal, bruised, 20 " 

Wine of Ipecac, 6 drachms. 

Alcohol, 80 per cent., 10 ounces. 

Water, 10 

White Sugar, 24 

Macerate for fourteen days, all except the sugar, 
express and filter through paper, adding dilute Alcohol 
to complete twenty ounces, then add the sugar to the 
solutions and dissolve without the aid of heat. 

Uses: Stimulant and diaphoretic. Given in low 
forms of febrile disease, and in colic. Valuble as an 
emmenagogue. 

Dose : One teaspoonful. 

Cox's Hive Syrup. 

(Syrup Squills Cornp.) 

Squills, in moderately coarse powder, 4 ounces. 
Seneka, " fine '' 4 ^' 

Tartrate of Antimony and Potassium, 48 grains. 
Sugar, coarse, 42 ounces. 

Dilute iVlcohol, ) 

Water, ( each a sufficient quantity. 

Mix the squills and seneka, and having moistened 
the mixture with half a pint of dilute alcohol allow it 
to stand for a day ; transfer to percolator, and pour 
the dilute alcohol on until three pints of tincture 
have passed. Boil for a few minutes ; evaporate by 



114 MEDICATED SYRUPS. 

water-bath to half a pint, add fourteen ounces boUing 
water; filter. Dissolve the sugar in the filtered 
liquid; having heated the solution to a boiling pointy 
strain while hot ; then dissolve the antimony and 
potassium in the solution w^hile hot, and add boiling 
water sufficient, through the strainer, to measure 
three pints. Mix the whole thoroughly together. 

Uses.— An old favorite remedy; valuble in the croup 
of children, etc. 

Dose. — From ten drops to one drachm. 

Syrup Horse-radish. 

Grated Horse-radish, 11 ounces. 

Best White Sugar, 16 " 

Boiling Water, 8 

Digest the Horse-radish in a covered vessel with 
the boiling water; strain and add the sugar. 

Uses. — May be given in cases of feeble appetite, 
flatulence, and gastric debility. 
Dose. — One or two teaspoonfuls. 

Syrup Quinine and Morphia. 

Sulphate of Morphia, 1 grain. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Aromatic Sulph. xlcid q. s., or 1 drachm. 

Flavoring, 1 ounce. 

Water, 17 ounces. 

Sugar, 16 " 

Dissolve the quinine with the Arom. Sulph. Acid, 
and add flavoring and the water, holding the morphia 
in solution, mix and percolate the sugar with the 
mixture until dissolved. Each fluid drachm contains 
one grain of quinine, and one- eight grain of morphia. 
Uses. — May be given when the patient is unable to 
bear large doses of quinine. 
Dose. — The adult may take one teaspoonful. 



^^lEDICATED SYRUPS. 115 

Syrup Orange Peel. 

Fresh Orange Peel, 2^ ounces. 

Distilled Water, 2 pint. 

White Sugar, 3 pounds. 

Macerate the peel in the water for twelve hours in 
a covered vessel ; then to the decanted fluid add the 
sugar. 

Uses. — Chiefly as a vehicle to mask the taste of 
nauseous medicines. 

Dose. — One to two teaspoonfuls. 

. Syrup of Dover's Power. 

Macerate, for a few days, 6J: grains of pulverized 
opium in one ounce of wine of ipecac ; filter, and add 
to 16 ounces of simple syrup ; drive off excess of alco- 
hol by slightly heating; after, if you wish, add one 
ounce Sulp. Potass. ; dissolve in syrup and filter. 

Each teaspoonful is equivalent to five grains 
Dover's Powder. 

Syrup of Rhubarb, Aromatic. 

Fluid Extract Rhubarb, Arom., 2 ounces. 

Simple Syrup, 14 " 

Mix them. 

Uses. — Yaluable in bowel complaints of children. 
Dose. — Teaspoonful, to tablespoonful. 

Syrup of Squills. 

Vinegar of Squills, 1 pint. 

Sugar in coarse powder, 24 ounces. 

Dissolve the sugar in vinegar of squills, with the aid 
of a gentle heat, and strain while hot. 

Uses. — Given largely in coughs and whenever a 
diuretic and expectorant is required. 
Dose. — One-half to one teaspoonful. 



ii6 MEDICATED SYRUPS. 

Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb. 

The following will be found a ready method of 
making an aromatic syrup of rhubarb : 

Bhubarb, in moderately fine powder, 6 ounces. 
Cloves, in moderately fine powder, 2J " 
Cinnamon, in fine powder, 2i " 

Nutmeg, in fine powder, f ounce. 

Percolate with a menstruum of 
Stronger Alcohol, 6 ounces. 

Water, 6 " 

Glycerine, 5 " 

until one pint has passed through. 
One fluid ounce of this extract mixed with fif- 
teen fluid ounces of syrup will make a pint of aro- 
matic Syrup of Ehubarb. 

Syrup of Tar. 

Pure Pine Tar, 1 ounce. 

Pine Sawdust, 1 *' 

Pure Kainwater, 4 ounces. 

Mix the tar with the sawdust and pour on it the 
water, heated to 140^ Fahr. ; shake occasionally, and 
after a few hours contact, filter or strain four ounces, 
and add syrup to make one pint. Flavor to suit. 

■Qges^ — Highly prized by many in cases of chronic 
cough and soreness of the lungs. 
Dose. — One or two tablespoonfuls. 

Syrup Quinine, Morphia and Strychnine. 

Syrup Quinine and Morphia, 1 pint. 

Hall's Solution of Strychnia, 2 ounces. 

Mix. 

Each fluid drachm contains one and one-eighth 
grains of Quinine one-eighth grain of Morphia and 
one sixty-fourth grain of Strychnia. 



MEDICATED SYRUPS. riy 



Syrup of Senna Compound. 

Alexandria Senna, 4 Troy ounces. 

Jalap, 1^ " 

Bhubarb, 4 drachms. 

Cinnamon, 1 drachm. 

Cloves, 1 

Nutmeg, 30 grains. 

Oil Lemon, 20 minims. 

Sugar, 24 Troy ounces. 

The first six articles are to be reduced to a coarse 
powder and exhausted with dilute xllcohol ; evaporate 
the liquor by water bath to eighteen fluid ounces and 
filter. Lastly add the sugar and oils. 

Uses : A pleasant and efficient laxative and cathartic. 
Useful in cases of habitual constipation. 
Dose : From one to three teaspoonfuls. 

Syrup Rhubarb and Potassa Comp, 

(Neutralizing Cordial.) 

Ehubarb, (^coarse powder) 

Carbonate Potassa, 

Golden Seal, (coarse powder) 

Cinnamon, 

Sugar, 

Brandy, 

Oil of Peppermint, 
Macerate the Ehubarb, Golden Seal and Cinnamon 
in half a gallon of the Brandy for six hours at a gentle 
heat, keeping it covered. Then transfer to a perco- 
lator and displace first with the remaining Brandy and 
afterwards with sufficient water to make one gallon. 
Add the Potassa, Sugar and Oil of Peppermint pre- 
viously rubbed with sufficient sugar; strain. 
Dose : For an adult a teaspoonful. 
Uses : This is a preparation in much favor r.s a 



2 ounces. 


2 '' 


1 ounce. 


1 '' 


4 pounds. 


IgaL 


20 drops. 



ii8 MEDICATED SYRUPS. 

remedy in cases of indigestion, sour stomach, habitual 
constipation and in some forms of diarrhoea of chil- 
dren. 

Syrup Strychnia. 

Hall,s Solution of Strychnia, 2 ounces. 

Prepared Flavoring, 1 ounce. 

Simple Syrup, 13 ounces. 

Mix. 

Add the solution to the syrup and lastly the 
flavoring. 

Each fluid drachm contains one-sixty-fourth grain 
of Strychnia. 

Uses : A good nerve tonic. 
Dose : One teaspoonful. 

Syrup Strychnia and Morphia. 

Hall's Solution of Strychnia, 2 ounces. 

Majendie's Solution Morphia, 1 ounce. 

Prepared Flavoring, 1 " 

Simple Syrup, 13 ounces. 

Mix. 

Add the two solutions to the syrup, lastly add 
prepared flavoring. 

Each flaid drachm contains one-sixty-fourth grain 
of Strychnia and one- eighth grain Morphia. 

Uses : Used extensively in nervous complaints ; in 
chronic diarrhoea and in cases of partial paralysis. 

Syrup of Licorice. 

Extract of Licorice oz. 1 

Aqua Ammonia oz. 1 

Alcohol oz. 8 

Glycerine oz. 1 

Sugar oz. 12 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Directions : Thoroughly digest the Licorice in a 



MEDICATED SVRUPS. 119 

mixture of Ammonia and eight (8) ounces of water; 
then add the Alcohol, agitate well and filter through 
paper ; concentrate the filtrate to about one half ; add 
the sugar and two (2) ounces of water, and boil until 
the odor of Alcohol or Ammomia is removed ; strain 
through muslin, adding enough hot water through 
the strainer to complete fifteen (15) ounces; finally 
add the Glycerine and mix w^ell. 

Kemarks : Glycyrrhizin is readily soluble in Ammo- 
niacal solutions ; much of the gum and starch of the 
extract of Licorice is precipitated by the alcohol. 
Boiling clarifies the syrup and removes albumen, while 
Glycerine dissolves the resins. 



MEDICATED WINES, 

Definition : Medicated Wines are liquid preparations 
with wine for the menstruum. 

The officinal wines are two in number — Wine of 
Antimony, Wine of Ipecac. 

They are prepared by extraction or solution. Two 
only are officinal. 

Per cent. 

r aloes 6 

Vinum aloes \ cardamon 1 

' ginger 1 

*' antimonii (Officinal) 4 

** aromatic — absinthium, lavender, 
origanum, rosemary, peppermint 

and sage, of each one part 6 

" colchici radicis 40 

" '' seminis 15 

*' ergotse 15 

" ferri amarum* — solution citrate 

iron and quinine 8 

*' ferri citratis* — citrate iron and 

ammon 4 

*' ipecacuanhge, (Officinal) 7 

{ opium 10 

*• opii \ cinnamon 1 

' cloves 1 

, . I rhubarb 10 

'■^^M calamus 1 

*In these only the proportion of active constituents are given. For complete 
formulas and processes see the U. S. P. 



each, J ounce. 



MEDICATED WINES. 121 

Wine of Calisaya Bark. 

Peruvian Bark (powdered), 1 ounce. 

White Wine, 12 ounces. 

Digest and filter. 

Wine of Iron Aromatic. 

Iron Fihngs, 1 ounce. 

Lemon Juice, 3 ounces. 

Gentian, bruised. 
Cinnamon, 

Sherry Wine, 16 ounces. 

Digest the Iron Fihngs in the Lemon Juice for three 
days, add the other ingredients, decant and filter. 

Wine of Pepsin, Iron and Bismuth. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonia, 128 grains. 

Wine of Pepsin and Bismuth, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron in a little hot water, add the 
Elixir and filter. 

Dose : One to two teaspoonfuls. 

Wine of Tar. 

Tar, 1 ounce. 

Carbonate of Magnesia, 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, 4 " 

Sherry Wine, 1 pint. 

Rub the Tar with the Magnesia and then with a 
small quantity of the wine. Strain the Mixture and 
rub the residue with another portion of the Wine. 
Repeat this until the Tar is dissolved, then filter. 

Wine of Quinine. 

Bi-sulphate of Quinine, 18 grains. 

Citric Acid, 15 '' 

Orange Wine, 24 fl. ounces. 
Mix and filter. 



MEDICATED WINES. 



Wine of Calisaya, Iron and Strychnia. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 2 grains. 

Wine of Iron^ 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnia with about thirty grains of 
Citric Acid in a sufficient quantity of hot water, then 
add the Wine of Iron and filter. 
Dose : Teaspoonful. 

Wine of Pancreatin. 

Pancreatin, powdered, 160 grains. 

Simple Elixir, 5 ounces. 

Best Sherry Wine, 11 

Macerate the Pancreatin in the Elixir for twenty- 
four hours, then add the wine and filter. 
Dose: Teaspoonful. 



Wine of Wild Cherry. 




Fer rated. 




Wild Cherry hark, bruised, 


12 ounces. 


Sesquioxide Iron, hydrated, 


J ounce. 


Sweet Almonds, 


2 ounces. 


White Sugar, 


(( 


Citrate of Iron, 


280 grains. 



Percolate the Cherry Bark with Alcohol and care- 
fully evaporate the Alcohohc tincture so as to expel 
the Alcohol. Add six ounces of water, also the 
hydrated Iron, macerate for six hours and filter into a 
bottle containing the Almond emulsion. When re- 
action has ceased, filter and add the sugar and Citrate 
of Iron with sufficient water to make the whole 
measure twenty-four fluid ounces. 

Wine of Pepsin. 

Pepsin, 160 grains. 

Sherry Wine, 4 ounces. 

Muriatic Acid, dilute, 1 drachm. 

Triturate Pepsin in Wine and Acid, then filter and 
add Sherry Wine to make sixteen ounces. 



MEDICATED WINES. 



123 



Wine of Wild Cherry. 



5J ounces. 
3 

1 pint. 

2 pints. 



Alcoholic Extract Wild Cherry, 

Sweet Almonds, 

Water, 

Sherry Wine, 

Beat the Almonds with the water to a paste,, rub 

down the extract with one-half pint of the Wine and 

mix in a close stoppered bottle. Macerate three days 

with occasional agitation, add the remaining wine and 

filter. 

Uses : As a tonic and sedative. 
Dose: Teaspoonful. 



Bitter Wine of Iron. 



Sulphate Cinchona, 


6 drachms. 


Sulphate Quinine, 


2 


Citrate of Iron, 


4 ounces. 


Citric Acid, 


1 ounce. 


Sherry Wine, 


4 pints. 


Alcohol, 


1 pint. 


Orange Syrup, 


1 " 



Dissolve the Sulphates and Citric Acid in Ij pints 
of hot water ; the Citrate of Iron in i pint of the 
same. Mix the solutions and add the other in- 
gredients. 



Wine of Beef and Iron, 



Liebigs Extract Beef, 
Allspice, 
Syrup, 

Citrate of Iron, 
Sherry Wine, to make 
Mix and proceed as in Bitter Wine of Iron. 



1 ounce. 
i drachm. 

2 ounces. 
96 grains. 
24 fl. ounces 



SYRUPS FOR SODA FOUNTAINS. 

Simple Syrup. 

Sugar, 40 pounds. 

Water, 4 gallons. 

Cooper's Isinglass, 1^ ounces. 

Heat the water sufficiently to melt the sugar. 
Dissolve the Isinglass separately in hot water, and 
add it to the syrup. Strain. 

Remark : The Isinglass is added to produce foam 
when the soda is drawn. 

Brown or Solution of Caramei. 

Crushed or Lump Sugar, 2 pounds. 

Put into a kettle that will hold from four to six 
quarts, with one -half tumbler of water. Boil until it 
is black; then take it off and cool with water, stirring 
it as you put in the water. This is used for coloring 
Soda- Syrups, Elixirs, etc., such as Vanilla, Sarsapar- 
illa, etc. 

Carmine Solution. 

Carmine. (No. 40) 2 drachms. 

Water of Ammonia, 1 ounce. 

Water, 7 ounces. 

Rub the Carmine to a fine powder in a mortar; dis- 
solve with the Aqua Ammonia. Keep in bottles corked 
tight. This is used to color Elixirs, Soda Syrups, etc. 
such as Strawberry. 
Remarks : This is incompatible with acids. 



SYRUPS FOR SODA FOUNTAINS. 125 

Fruit Acid. 

Citric Acid, 4 ounces. 

Hot Water, 8 ounces. 

Dissolve. 

Syrup of Acid Phosphate, 

Horsford's Acid Phosphate, 4 fluid ounces. 

Simple Syrup, (25' B.) 1 gallon. 

Extract of Lemon, 2 fluid ounces. 
Mix. 



Brandy Syrup. 




Brandy, 


2 pints. 


Simple Syrup, 

ix. 


J gallon. 


Banana Syrup. 




Banana Essence, 


2 drachms. 


Tartaric Acid, 


1 draclim. 


Simple Syrup, 


6 pints. 


Beef Tea (Bouillon) with CeU 


3ry. 


Extract of Beef, 


1 pound. 


Arrowroot, 


2 ounces. 


Salt, 


4 


Extract of Celery, 


2 fl. ounces. 


Extract of Savory, 


W ' " 


Tincture of Capsicum, 


1 '^ drachm 


Hot Water, 


1 gallon. 



The Extract of Beef, Arrowroot, and salt, should be 
stirred into the hot water until dissolved, and when 
nearly cold the other extracts added. 

The capsicum may be dispensed with, and a substi- 
tute for the Extract of Celery can be found in the 
article known as ^' celery salt." 



126 SYRUPS FOR SODA FOUNTAINS. 

Cream Syrup. 

Fresh Cream, ipint. 

Fresh Milk, i '' 

Powdered Sugar, 1 pound. 

Eemarks: Mix by shaking and keep in a cool 

place. The addition of a few grains of Bi- Carbonate 

of Soda will retard souring. 

Cinnamon Syrup. 

Oil of Cinnamon, 30 drops. 

Carbonate of Magnesia, GO grains. 

Water, 2 pints. 

Granulated Sugar, 50 ounces. 

Eemarks : Eub the oil first with the Carbonate of 
Magesia, then with the water gradually added and fil- 
ter through paper ; in the filtrate dissolve the sugar 
without heat. 

Coffee Syrup. 

Browned Coffee, (Mocha and Java 

equal parts) 1 pound. 

Sugar, 10 pounds. 

Boiling Water, 1 gallon. 

Percolate until one gallon infusion is obtained then 
add sugar. 

Diamond Syrup. 

Catawba Wine, 4 ounces. 

Brandy, 2 " 

Essence Cloves, k ounce. 

^' Strawberry, i '' 

Orange, J " 

Pineapple, i " 

Eose, 1 " 

Mace, \ " 

Simple Syrup, 2 gallons. 
Mix. Color with Caramel. 



SYRUPS FOR SODA FOUNTAINS. 127 

Syrup of Chocolate No I. 

Essence of Cocoa, (deprived of its 

butter) i pound. 

Syrup of Vanilla, (25^ B.) i gallon. 

Heat the syrup quite hot and stir in the powdered 
Cocoa until thoroughly incorporated. The syrup is 
now ready for use and will keep several days in a cool 
place ; a little gelatine can be added if more body is 
required. An attractive looking " head " can be placed 
on the beverage by whipping together powdered 
white sugar and white of eggs. This can be kept un- 
der the counter and added to the beverage at the last 
moment. 

Syrup of Chocolate Improved. 

Eowntree's Powdered Cocoa, 1 pound. 

Sugar, 9 pounds. 

Water, hot ' li- gallons. 

Foamingator, 12 ounces. 

Extract Vanilla, 3 " 

Make a smooth paste with cocoa and add hot water" 
then add sugar and use sufficient heat to dissolve. 
Strain while hot. When cold add foamigator and ex- 
tract Vanilla. 

Note : This formula was furnished by a gentleman 
who used it for five years with very best results. 

Syrup of Coffee for Hot Soda. 

Extract of Coffee, 1 part. 

Syrup, 25^ B. 31 parts. 

Mix. 

An elegant method of dispensing the tea and coffee 
is to put a small quantity of the extract in a cup or 
mug, drop in a block of sugar or add a small quantity 
of cream syrup (if cream is called for) and draw the 
hot soda water on it. 



12; 



SYRUPS FOR SODA FOUNTAINS. 





Cinger Syrup. 




Tincture Gingei 
Simple Syrup, 


r. 


2 fl. ounces. 
4 pints. 


Mead Syrup. 

Extract of Mead, 
Fruit Acid, 
Honey, 
Simple Syrup, 
Mix. 


3 ounces. 
i ounce. 
2 pints. 
6 '' 


Maple Sugar, 
Water, 


Maple SyruD. 


4 pounds. 
2 pints. 


Orange Syrup. 

Oil of Orange, 30 drops. 
Tartaric Acid, 4 drachms. 
Simple Syrup, . 1 gallon. 
Eemarks : Eub the Acid with the Oil and mix. 



Peach Syrup. 

Proceed in same manner as directed for Kaspberry. 

Pine Apple Syrup No. I. 

Pine Apple Juice, 1 gallon. 

Sugar, 15 pounds. 

Citric Acid, 2 ounces. 

Remarks : Dissolve the Acid in the Juice and boil 
with the sugar until no scum arises. Skim carefully 
and bottle the syrup while hot. Use six ounces pre- 
pared Fruit Juice to half gallon Simple Syrup. 

Note: Raspberry, Blackberry and Strawberry are 
also made as above. 

Pine Apple Syrup. 

Take one-half dozen ripe Pine Apples, peel off the 
exterior coating, reject the decaying parts, then with 
a knife sharpened with a file scrape the apples to a 



SYRUPS FOR SODA FOUNTAINS. 



pulp, put it in a porcelain kettle and if the apples are 
of good size and juicy, add two pounds of granulated 
sugar ; stir it well, cover and place it in a cool cellar 
for twenty-foar hours, then press out the juice, strain 
it into a porcelain kettle and add granulated white 
sugar Q. S. to make 'Q.vg lbs. to each gallon of 
juice ; then put it on a hot stove, heat to the boiling 
point as soon as possible, stirring often. When it 
boils set it off to partially cool, then remove the scum, 
bottle and seal. Your bottles should be clean, warm 
and dry, as for other fruit syrups. 



Rose Syrup. 

Essence of Hose, 
Simple Syrup, 
Mix. Color with Carmine. 

Solferino Syrup. 

Brandy, 

Simple Syrup, 
Mix. 

Sarsapariila Syrup. 

Simple Syrup, 
Essence Sarsapariila, 
Color with Sarsapariila color. 

Vanilla Syrup. 

Extract Yanilla, 

Fruit Acid, 

Simple Syrup, 
Remarks : Rub the Acid with some of the Syrup, 
and add the Extract of Yanilla and mix. Color with 
Caramel. 

Vanilla Cream Syrup. 

Extract Yanilla, 1 ounce. 

Simple Syrup, 3 pints. 

Cream or Rich Milk, 1 pint, 
Mix. May be colored with Carmine. 



4 ounces. 
1 gallon. 



1 pint. 

2 pints. 



1 gallon. 
4 drachms. 



2 ounces. 
J ounce. 
1 gfallon. 



I30 SYRUPS FOR SODA FOUNTAINS. 

Strawberry Syrup. 

Eemarks : Use Strawberries of a good flavor. Do 
not forget that if the Strawberries possess no flavor, 
you can not expect to obtain a syrup of good flavor. 
Avoid also rotten berries, because, unless you do, you 
may be sure to find as flavor the smell of rotten berries 
in your syrup. Mash the fruit in a barrel or other 
suitable vessel by means of a pounder, and leave the 
pulp from twelve to twenty-four hours, at a tem- 
perature between 70° and 80'^''. Stir occasionally; 
press ; set the juice aside for one night ; add for every 
pound avoirdupois of juice, one ounce avoirdupois of 
Cologne Spirits or Deodorized Alcohol; mix and set 
aside for another night and filter through paper. For 
one pound of the flavored juice take one pound of A 
sugar and heat to the boiling point, taking care to re- 
move from the fire or turn ofl the steam as soon as the 
mixture begins to boil ; remove the scum and bottle in 
perfectly clean bottles. Einse with a little Cologne 
Spirits. The Syrup is strong enough to be mixed 
with tw^o or three times its weight of Simple Syrup 
for the soda fountain. 



FLilYORING EXTRACTS. 

Extract of Coffee. 

Best Java Coffee, (finely ground) 12 ounces. 
Best Mocha '' " " 4 ^' 

Boiling Water, 1 pint. 

This should stand one hour in a covered vessel then 

be transferred to a percolator and one pint of extract 

obtained. 

Vanilla Extract. 

Alcohol, 10 gallons. 

Yanilla Beans, 3 pounds. 

Soft Water, 5 gallons. 

Glycerine, 2 pounds. 

Eemarks: Grind in a sausage cutter the beans, 
warm the Alcohol over a water bath, put in the beans 
and stir; add water and glycerine. Let stand for 7 
days and filter. 

Cinnamon Extract. 

Alcohol, 10 gallons. 

Oil of Cassia, 8 ounces. 

Cil of Cinnamon, (True) 2 " 

Warm Water, ■ 5 gallons. 

Eemarks. — Proceed as for lemon, and color with red 
sandal and burnt sugar to the color of Cinnamon true- 
Sarsaparilla Extract. 
Alcohol, 10 gallons. 

Oil of Sassafras, 8 ounces. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 8 ** 

Warm Water, 5 gallons. 

Eemarks : Mix Oils and Alcohol, let stand twenty- 
four hours then add warm water and filter. 



132 FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 

Ginger Extract. 

Alcohol, 8 gallons. 

Mace powdered, 1 pound. 

Essence of Ginger, 2 gallons. 

Warm Water, 4 •' 

Remarks: Mix the Alcohol and mace, and let 
stand twenty-four hours. Put in the essence and 
then the water. No color, hut it may he colored with 
burnt sugar. 

Lemon Extract. 

Alcohol, 10 gallons. 

Water, (soft) 4 " 

Oil of Lemon, 3 pounds. 

Remarks: Put the Oil into three gallons of the 
Alcohol, and let stand for twenty-four hours; then 
have your water warm and pour in one gallon, then 
one of Alcohol, then one half a gallon of water, then 
one gallon of Alcohol, and so on imtil Alcohol and 
water are gone. Be sure and put in the Alcohol last, 
let stand and filter through a felt hag kept for nothing 
hut lemon extract ; color to suit with yellow Aniline. 
This makes a good cheap extract. 

Peach Extract. 

Alcohol, 10 gallons. 

Concentrated Nectarine Ether, 2 pounds. 
'' Pineapple Ether, 1 pound. 

Oil of Orange Portugal, 2 ounces. 

Warm Water, 5 gallons. 

Glycerine, 2 pounds. 

Remarks : Mix the oil of Orange and Alcohol then 
add the ethers and then the warm water. Color with 
burnt sugar same as Pineapple. 



FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 133 



Raspberry Extract. 




Alcohol, 


5 gallons. 


Concentrated Easpberry Ether, 


5 pounds. 


Soft Water, Cold, 


10 gallons. 


Glycerine, 


3 pounds. 


Remarks : Color to suit with Tinct 

Imp 


ure of Red Ani- 


iillt:. 

Extract of Vanilla. 




Vanilla Pods, 


1 ounce. 


Sugar, 


1 


Cologne Spirits, 


12 ounces. 


Water, 


4 



Slit the ,pods and cut them very fine then mix them 
with Sugar and bruise until moderately fine, then mix 
spirits and water and put in a w^arm place. Macerate 
for two weeks occasionally shaking. Filter. 

Extract of Mead. 

Oil of Lemon, ] 

" Cloves ;> each 2 drachms. 

" Nutmeg J 
Oil of Coriander, t drachm. 

Alcohol, 12 ounces. 

Water, 4 ounces. 

Sugar, ) 1 -, 

Ca?b. Magnesia, I ^^^^^ ^ o"^^'^^- 

Dissolve the oils in four ounces of alcohol and rub 
with the sugar and magnesia. Mix the remainder of 
alcohol and w^ater and tritinate with the mixture. 
Filter and add sufiicient diluted alcohol to make one 
pint. 



FACTITIOUS MINERAL WATERS. 



Baden 


Water. 




Muriate of Magnesia, 




2 grains, 


Muriate of Lime, 




40 


Muriato of Iron, 




i grain. 


Muriate of Soda, 




30 grains 


Sulphate of Soda, 




10 


Carbonate of Soda, 




1 pint. 


Mix. 






Carsbad Water 


■, 


Muriate Lime, 




8 grains 


Muriate Tinct. Iron, 




1 drop. 


Sulphate of Soda, 




50 grains 


Carbonate of Soda, 




60 '' 


Muriate of Soda, 




8 '^ 


Water, 




1 pint. 


Mix. 






Congress Watei 


r^ 


Take common salt, 7| ounces; 


Hydrate of Sod 



grains; Bicarbonate of Soda, 20 grains, and Calcined 
Magnesia, 1 ounce. Add the above ingredients to 10 
gallons of water and charge with gas. 

Eger Water. 

Carbonate of Soda, 5 grains; Sulphate of Soda, 4 
scruples; Muriate of Soda, 10 grains; Sulphate of 
Magnesia, 3 grains; Muriate of Lime, 5 grains; Car- 
bonated Water, 1 pint. 

Or it may be made without apparatus thus : 
Bicarbonate of Soda, 30 grains ; Muriate of Soda, 
8 grains ; Sulphate of Magnesia, 3 grains ; Water, 1 



MINERAL WATERS. 135 

l^int. Dissolve and add one scruple dry Bi- sulphide of 
Soda, and close the bottle immediately. 

Enes. Water. 

Carbonate of Soda, 2 scruples ; Sulphate of Potash, 
1 grain ; Sulphate of Magnesia, 5 grains ; Muriate of 
Soda, 10 grains ; Muriate of Lime 3 grains ; Carbon- 
ated Water, 1 pint. 

Kissingen Water. 

Mix together Bicarbonate of Soda, 1 drachm; Car- 
bonate of Lime, 8 scruples; Precipitated Carbonate of 
Iron, 2scruplss; Common Salt, 8 ounces; Muriate of 
Ammonia, 4 grains; Sulphate of Soda, 8 scruples; 
Sulphate of Magnesia, 2 ounces; Phosphate of Soda, 
13 grains; Phosphate of Lime, 8 scruples. 

Add water, i gallon ; let it stand half a day, filter, add 
Carbonate of Magnesia, 10 scruples, and 10 gallons 
water. Lastly charge with gas by means of the usual 
apparatus. 

Marienbad Water. 

Carbonate of Soda, 2 scruples; Sulphate of Soda, 
96 grains; Sulphate of Magnesia, 8 grains; Muriate 
of Soda, 15 grains ; Muriate of Lime, 10 grains ; Car- 
bonated Water, 1 pint. 

Or, Bi-carbonate of Soda, 50 grains; Sulphate of 
Soda, 1 drachm; Muriate of Soda, 15 grains; Sulphate 
of Magnesia, 10 grains. Dissolve in one pint of water 
add 25 grains dry Bi-sulphide of Soda, and cork imme- 
diately. 

Pyrmont Water. 

Carbonate of Lime, 12 grains; Crystallized Carbon- 
ate of Soda, 31 grains; Sulphate of Soda, in crystals, 
7:^ grains; Sulphate of Lime, 14 grains; Sulphate of 
Magnesia, 20 grains; Sulphate of Iron, 2 grains; 
Chloride of Sodium, 2 grains ; Chloride of Magnesium, 4 



136 MINERAL WATERS. 

grains ; Chloride of Manganese, l-30tli grain ; Water of 
Ammonia 2 pints; Carbonic Acid, 5 volumes. Dis- 
solve the Sulphate of Iron in part of the water, dis- 
solve the other soluble salts in the remainder of the 
water, add the insoluble salts to the solution and charge 
ifc with the Carbonic Acid. Mix the two solutions in 
a bottle and cork it immediately. 

Seidiitz Water. 

This is usually imulated by strongly aerating a solu- 
tion of 2 drachms Sulphate of Magnesia in one pint of 
water. 

It is also made with 4, 6, and 8 drachms of the salts 
to one pint of water, according to the strength re- 
quired. 

Seidschutz Water. 

Sulphate of Magnesia, 3 drachms; Muriate of Lime, 
Nitrate of Lime, Bi-carbonate of Soda, of each 8 
grains; Sulphate of Potash, 5 grains; aerated water, 
1 pint. 

Seltzer or Sellers Water. 

The Seltzer Water, as commonly sold, is prepared 
as follows : 

Prepare a solution of freed Chloride of Calcium, 1 
part in 9 of water (specific gravity should be 1.088 to 
1.089); a solution of Calcined Carbonate of Soda, 1 
part in 10 of water (specific gravity 1.105) ; a solution 
of Chloride of Magnesium, by dissolving Calcined 
Magnesia at the rate of 20 grains in dilute Hydro- 
chloric Acid to make one fluid ounce of saturation 
(specific gravity 1.086) ; lastly a solution of dry Sul- 
phate of Soda in 10 parts water (specific gravity 1.092.) 

These Solutions are mixed witii water in the follow- 
ing proportions : Solution of Carbonate of Soda, 1000 
grains; solution of Chloride of Calcium, 200 grains; 



MINERAL WATERS. 137 

solution of Chloride of Magnesia, 150 grains; solu- 
tion of Sulphate of Soda, 20 grains; added to 250 
to 300 ounces (troy) of water, afterwards to be charged 
with Carbonic Acid. 

Seltzer Water. 

Muriate of Lime and Muriate of Magnesia, of each 
4 grains. Dissolve these in a small quantity of water 
and add it to a similar solution of 8 grains Bi-carbon- 
ate of Soda, 20 grains Muriate of Soda, and 2 grains 
Phosphate of Soda. Mix and add a solution of I of 
a grain Sulphate of Iron. Put the mixed solution 
into a 20 ounce bottle and hll np with aerated water. 
An imitation of Seltzer Water is also made by put- 
ting into a stone seltzer bottle filled with water 2 
drachms Bi-carbonate of Soda and 2 drachms Citric 
Acid in crystals, corking the bottle immediately. 

Vichy Water. 

Sulphate of Potassa, 2 drachms; Sulphate of Soda, 
4 scruples; Phosphate of Soda, 25 grains; Common 
Salt, 6 drachms; Bi-carbonate of Soda, 5i ounces; 
Carbonate of Ammonia, 10 grains. Mix. Add water 
J gallon. Let it stand half a day; filter, add 10 gal- 
lons water, and charge with gas. 

Vichy Water. 

Bi-carbonate of Soda, 1 drachm; Muriate of Soda, 2 
grains; Sulphate of Soda, 8 grains; Sulphate of Mag- 
nesia, 3 grains; Tincture of Muriate of Iron, 2 drops; 
Aerated Water, 1 pint. Dorvault directs 75 grains of 
Bi-carbonate of Soda, 4 grains of Chloride of Sodium, 
l-5th grain Sulphate of Iron, 10 grains Sulphate of 
Soda, and 3 grains Sulphate of Magnesia to a pint of 
water. By adding 45 grains (or less) of Citric Acid, 
an- effervescing water is obtained. 



138 MINERAL WATERS. 

Sea Water. 

Muriate of Soda, 4 ounces; Sulphate of Soda, 2 
ounces ; Muriate of Lime, i ounce ; Muriate of Mag- 
nesia, 1 ounce; Iodide of Potassium, 2 grains; Water, 
1 gallon. A common substitute for sea water as a 
bath is made by dissolving 5 or 6 ounces of Common 
Salt in a gallon of water. 

Balaruc Water. 

Muriate of Soda, 1 ounce ; Muriate of Lime, 1 ounce ; 
Muriate of Magnesia, i ounce; Sulphate of Soda, 3 
drachms ; Bi-carbonate of Soda, 2 drachms ; Bromide 
of Potassium, 1 grain; Water, 1 gallon. Chiefly used 
for baths. 

Aix-la-Chapelle Water. 

Bi-carbonate of Soda, 12 grains ; Muriate of Soda, 
25 grains; Muriate of Lime, 3 grains; Sulphate of 
Soda, 8 grains; simple sulphurretted water, 23- ounces; 
water slightly carburetted, 17i- ounces. 



EMULSIONS, 

Definition. A milky looking, thick fluid of muci- 
laginous or gummy substances, or combination of 
water with oily, fatty or resinous bodies. They are 
classified as seed, oil, balsam, gum resin, wax or sper- 
macete emulsion. 

An emulsion is perfect when the oil globules are in- 
visible to the naked eye. Something short of this may 
look well and give very fair results, but it is only when 
the more perfect form is attained that it can safely 
and properly fulfill all requirements in dispensing. 

Emulsions should, of all Pharmaceutical prepara- 
tions be made fresh at the time of dispensing, inas- 
much as the variations in temperature have just as 
great an influence upon a mechanical mixture of this 
description as it would have upon a natural one. 

Seed Emulsions, 

These are made from seeds containing fatty oils, 
such as almonds, poppy, or hemp seed, etc., by crush- 
ing these and rubbing them with water. If necessary, 
the seeds are first washed several times with water; 
these, when they are clean, are beaten with about one- 
tenth their weight of water, into a soft mass, which, 
when taken between the fingers reveals no albumin- 
ous lumps. The remainder of the fluid is then added 
gradually, with continued rubbing, until the whole is 
evenly suspended. The emulsion should lastly be 
strained throuefh a clean coarse cloth. 



I40 EMULSIONS. 



The small proportion of oil contained in the seeds is 
suspended in the water hy means of the albumen and 
mucilage of the seeds, but, if the latter are first 
rubbed down dry the oil is expressed, and though it is 
taken np in the emulsion, it more quickly separates, 
generally as a cream. 

Almonds are always decorticated hefore being made 
into an emulsion, unless an order to the contrary is 
is expressed. 

Poppy seeds should be softened before being beaten, 
by letting them rest for five to ten minutes in warm 
(not hot) wafer. 

An oil, such as Castor oil is sometimes ordered with 
a seed emulsion as in the f ollowins: : 



Amygdal dulc, 


20 


Olei Eicini, 


30 


Aq foeniculi, 


100 


'' distil, 


100 


Soda Nitrat, 


15 


Syrupi sacchari 


25 


M. f. emuls. 




This is really a double emulsion. 





Oii and Balsam Emulsions. 

Fatty oii such as almond, poppy, olive, linseed and 
Castor, and balsams such as Copaiba and Peru, are 
easily combined with water by means of emulsifiers 
of which gum arabic is the best. Yolk of egg and 
tragacanth mucilage are also mulsifiers. An emul- 
sion with oil can not be made satisfactorily with less 
gum arabic than one-fourth the weight of oil. 

Note. In giving proportions it must be kept in 
mind that they should in no case be considered abso- 
lute, different oils requiring different proportions. The 



EMULSIONS. 141 



dispenser while endeavoring to make the most perfect 
emulsion, should aim at accomplishing this with the 
minimum of emulsifj^ing ingredients, even though 
this should entail the maximurh of labor. 

Hager says these emulsions may be made by adding 
the water to the powdered gum in a large mixture mor- 
tar mixing with a large-knobbed pestle ; then adding the 
Oil or Balsam all at once, and stirring till emulsified, 
which will require two or three minutes. This is gener- 
ally the surest plan, or (2) the gum may be put in the 
mortar, the Oil poured on the top of it, the water all 
around it, and then all the substances quickly stirred 
together. This is the method mostly adopted, or (3) 
the Oil may be rubbed with the gum and the water 
added gradually. The proportions for a good emul- 
sion are : 

Oil or Balsam, 10 parts. 

Gum Arabic, 5 " 

Water to make emulsion, 7.5 

" Add to emulsion, 77.5 

Notes on Emulsions. 

Salts, extracts or dry bodies to be dissolved in emul- 
sions should be separately dissolved in some of the 
water to be added, and mixed with the emulsion. If 
mixed with emulsifier a separation of some of the Oil 
will occur. 

Lycopodium, which is often ordered with Oil emul- 
sions, causes such a seperation with remarkable rapid- 
ity. It is best to make the Oil emulsions and the 
lycopodeum separately and to mix the two in diluted 
form . 

Borax added to a gum-arabic emulsion converts the 
latter into a jelly. Dilute Acetic Acid restores the 
fluidity,but such an addition is by no means justifiable. 



142 EMULSIONS. 



If an emulsion with a borax salt be ordered in a pre- 
scription, the mixture must be sent out in a wide- 
mouthed bottle. The gelatinization will not result 
till several hours after the mixing. 

Balsam of Peru to be combined with 
an Oil emulsion should be mixed with 
two-thirds of its weight of water and stirred in 
with the emulsion in a mortar. Another, and perhaps 
a better plan would be to mix about J part of stronger 
alcohol with 1 part of glycerine and to this add the 
balsam of Peru, and incorporate thoroughly. 

This may be diluted to a proper mescible point, or 
better still, a mixture of glycerine and water gradually 
added. 

If an emulsion is not successfully prepared at first it 
is very little use to try to improve it by additions or by 
shaking. It is best to begin a new one at once. 

Emulsions of Cum Resins. 

The gum resins, such as galbanum, ammoniacum, 
myrrh, assafoetida, contain gummy substances as well 
as resin, insoluble in water, so that the addition of an 
emulsifier is not absolutely necessary. It is generally 
only necessary to rub down the gum resin to as fine a 
powder as possible and emulsify with water. In warm 
weather this is not always practicable, as the gum 
resin is too soft. It is then best to put it into a mix- 
ture mortar in small pieces, sprinkle it Avith water and 
put the moitar in a moderately warm place until the 
substance has become of the consistence of honey. 
To each gramme of the gum resin is added 1 drop of 
almond oil and 3 drops of mucilage of Acacia, and then 
by the gradual addition of warm water with vigorous 
working with the pestle, a good emulsion will be ob- 
tained. 



EMULSIONS. . T43 



Generally gum arable or yolk of egg is ordered with 
a gum resin to better emulsify it. If either of these 
are used, the gum resin should be in very fine powder. 
One part of gum arable to 2 parts of gum resin or one 
yolk of egg to 20 grammes of gum resin is the usual 
proportion. If the gum resin cannot be powdered, it 
is softened by warming as explained, but with yolk of 
egg the temperature must not exceed 60^ C. or the 
albumen will be coagulated. 

Emulsions of Resins. 

These are prepared Yenice Turpentine, Guaicum, 
E-esin, Resin of Jalap, and suchlike substances. 

Turpentine is easily emulsified by its own weight of 
Gum Arabic or by yolk of eggs. Resin of Guaicum is 
finely powdered and rubbed in a mortar with half its 
weight of Gum Arabic, water being added gradually. 
This emulsion assumes a blueish tint, varying in in- 
tensity according to the degree of concentration. The 
blue gradually changes to a green. A few drops of an 
acid spirit of Nitre will develop the blue tint, as will 
also exposure to the air. 

Resin of Jalap is sometimes combined with almonds 
into an emulsion but it soon separates. If neither 
almonds nor egg be ordered, but only gum or sugar, it 
is generally best to rub the resin first with its own 
weight of spirit before mixing with water. 

Extracts of Cina, Male Fern, Cubebs, may also be con- 
veniently treated like resins by rubbing them with three 
or four times their weight of Sugar and adding Spirits 
of Wine to make a thin electuary; they mix well with 
water. Without the addition of spirits, these sub" 
stances are apt to form a sediment which is very dif " 
ficult to mix evenly by shaking. 



144 EMULSIONS. 



Emulsions of Essential Oils. 

These oils do not last long; they are best formed by 
brisk shaking with a thick mucilage. They require 
about ten times their weight of Gum Arabic or one 
yolk of egg to five to ten grammes of Essential Oil. 

Camphor. 

This should bo rubbed to a fine powder with the aid 
of a few drops of Alcohol, then mixed with ten times 
its weight of Gum Arabic or the yolk of an egg to 5 
grammes (gum in preference) and the water added 
gradually. Any oil or balsam in the mixture should be 
mixed with the Camphor before the gum is added ; 
syrup should be mixed with the powder before the 
addition of water. 

Phosphorus. 

The preparation or this powerful medicine requires 
the greatest care. A mixture with an atom of the sub- 
stance of the size of a pin's head may easily occasion 
a fatal gastritis. It is, therefore, most important that 
when it is ordered in a mixture it should be perfectly 
divided. Some pharmacists have recommended the 
solution of Phosphorous in hot mucilage. It is liable, 
however, in cooling to form small particles like wax, 
which makes this method highly dangerous. li should 
he dissolved in one hundred times its weight of Al- 
mond or Poppy oil in a test tube by frequent dipping 
in hot ivater , and the oil solution emulsified in the 
proper ivay. 

A good way to make an emulsion containing Phos- 
phorous is the following: 

Kub the Phosphorous with sufficient Bi-sulphide of 
Carbon to dissolve it, then add sufiicient powdered 
clay to absorb the sulphide and continue the rubbing 



I::mut.sioxs. 



45 



until most of the sulphide has evaporated; then add 
mucilage of Acacia and continue the rubbing till all 
odor of the sulphide has evaporated; then add mucil- 
age of Acacia and continue the rubhing till all odor of 
the sulphide has passed off, after which the emulsion 
may he completed by the addition of water, etc. In 
this way the danger arising from palpable particles of 
Phosnhorous is entirelv obviated. 



Emufsions with Gum Arabic. 

The slightest tendency to acidity will defeat the 
best manipulations. Four ounces of Gum Acacia are 
ordered to be dissolved in 6 oz. of distilled water. No 
heat should ever be resorted to in order to facilitate 
solution ; and small picked Gum Arabic stirred occa- 
sionally in cold distilled water until the gum is dis- 
solved gives a beautiful result. Powdered gum is a 
very foolish expedient for gaining time, and, when this 
mucilage is not bright without filtration, alteration of 
an injurious character may be anticipated. When fin- 
ished it should be strained through muslin and kept 
cool. 

01. Amygdal, oiss 

Mucilag gum acacia, 5iij 

Simple Syrup, ojss 

Aqua, dist ad, 5iij 

Put the mucilage into the mortar first; add the 
almond oil by degrees, but rapidly, with constant cir- 
cular stirring in one direction, from left to right. 
Never add a second drop of oil until the first quanti- 
ty has been emulsified. This is known by the creamy 
character of the product and its tendency to form 



146 EMULSIONS. 



clear spaces by leaving the sides of the mortar. Study- 
two things — quickness of motion and lightness of 
hand. Whatever force be applied is a dispensing 
error, which in so sure a case as in the type formerly 
given may be of little consequence, but which when 
there is a delicate balance between the emulsifing 
agent and the ingredient to be emulsified, may upset 
the process altogether or injure the keeping qualities 
of the produced emulsion. To the emulsion add the 
syrup and the water rapidly, of the latter i-oz. at a 
time. Five minutes should be employed in the whole 
operation. Slow dispensing is had dispensing. 

Gum Resin Emulsion. 

G. Myrrhae, ^ss. 

Sacchari, 3ss. 

Potass Subcarb, Grs. xv. 

Sp Myrist, oij. 

Aquae Rosae, ojxss. 

Feru Sulphat, Gr. x. 

Beat the myrrh well, wdth energy, and with consid- 
erable pressure. Divide the the heated mass with 
the powderded sugar and make into an emulsion 
with half the Rose water. Dissolve the Potasse sub- 
carb, in the remainder of the water and add the Spirit 
last. 

Remember. Potasseum Corbonate is a hostile in- 
gredient in an emulsion wiien present with a second 
emulsifing agent. 

Proceeding in this way an excellent emulsion is 
produced in an extemporaneous manner; but there 
is a better mode. 

Beat the myrrh as usual, divide with sugar, add the 
Potash and make a thick creamy emulsion with just 
sufficient water. Let this stand covered from the air 



EMULSIONS. 147 



over night, and the following morning finish the oper- 
ation. A few minutes trituation will restore the 
whiteness, and such a mixture of iron will keep for 
some years without alteration. 

Ammoniacum and Assafoetida must both be con- 
verted into hydrated masses. Let them before being 
manipulated, soak in a small quantity of water, when 
they are readily reduced into a pulpy condition, and 
form tolerable emulsions afterward without any ad- 
ditional emulsifing agent. 

Egg Emulsions. — Such emulsions require a skillful 
hand and may be presented as permanent combina- 
tions. The first and last requisite is that the dispen 
ser should abstain from the slightest mechanical 
force. 

Oil Ricini, ^i. 

OviYitelh, j. 

Syrup Simplex, 5v. 

Tinct. Aurant, ^i. 

Aquae ad. 5iv. 
Mix. 

Break the egg-shell cleverly on the edge of a 
two ounce measure into which let the albumen run. 
Entirely clear away the albumen (a fertile source of 
failure when this precaution is neglected). Keep 
the albumen to be used as liquid gum and also for 
Sugar- Coating pills. Bender perfectly smooth, the 
yolk(thrown into the mortar) under the pestle with 
rapid circular motion; add the oil by degrees, if occa- 
sionally too thick, thin with a little water, add the 
syrup next, then wash out the measure with a little 
water. Add the tincture last, and finally wash out 
the measure with the remaining water, and the pro- 
cess is complete. 



148 EMULSIONS. 



Yolk of egg is supreme with regard to spermaceti, 
a very favorite remedy with the accouclieur. 

Cetacei, 5i 

Vitelh ovi, J. 

Syrup Simpl, 3v. 

Aquae ad, 5Jss. 

Break down the spermaceti; malve it quite smooth 
in the syrup, then proceed as usual. All these egg 
emulsions keep; when acetum distillatum forms an 
ingredient in an emulsion, it sliould he added last, and 
there should he no fear of imperfect comhination. 

Balsam Copaiba Emulsions. 

The practice has been recommended of making 
certain emulsions by very carefully smearing the 
bottle with the emulsifying agent. But it has been 
generally condemned as not being an effectual mode. 
Copiaba forms an exception, and the Balsam may be 
as well emulsified in this w^ay as any other. 

Careful and complete rotation is required so that 
the inside of the bottle may be effectually coated. 
Copaiba, -^vi 

Liq Potasse, -^iij 

Mucilage oi 

8pts. Ether, Niter oiij 

Aq Cinnamon ad. oviij 

Botate the mucilage in the bottle well, covering 
the inside. Add the Capaiba by degrees, perfectly 
emulsifying by adding the alkali, previously diluted 
with three drachms of Cinnaman water by degrees, 
retaining or allowing for two ounces with which to 
cleanse the measure from both, the hquor potasse 
andthe Sweet Spirits of Nitre, w^hichhas been added 
last. 



EMULSIOXS. 



49 



Use always a separate dispensing measure, kept ex- 
pressly for Bal. Copaiba. 

Some x^rescribers are particular in the exliibition of 
Copaiba and occasionally want it to be taken without 
other ingredients. It can be so prepared or made 
to combine at pleasure in all strengths by using freph- 
ly-made tiiick mucilage. 

QuiLLAYA Emulsions. — Substances which are insol- 
uble in water, such as Balsam of Tolu. pix Liquida, 
and even Balsam of Copaiba maybe thus emulsified. 
The general form may be represented as 

Substance, 2 Parts. 

Spt. vini, rect. 10 " 

Tinct. Quillaya, 10 

Aq Distil, 78 

Tincture of Quillaya may be made thus ; 
Cort Quillaya torn into shreds, 

and cut small, .?i. 

Spts. Yini Eect., .liij. 

Aq. Distilat, .lij. 

Let it stand seven days in a warm place, press and 
filter. 

Fixed oils can be emulsified by ^ drachm of the 
tincture added to i ounce of oil and water. With 
resinous tinctures it does not answer well, but when 
admissible little dispensing skill is needed. 

Tincture of Senega possesses an emulsifying power. 
Five mimims of tincture are said to emulsify one 
ounce of oil. 

llememher. Many salts spoil emulsions when they 
are either natural or acid, but when alkaline they fa- 
vor the iDrocess. 

Mill-makes a qoofl einidsioji joith Scammony. 
Borax is an excellent emulsifier 



I50 EMULSIONS. 



M. Const ant in. (in 1854) advocated what may be 
called the ignition process for emulsion of the Gum 
Eesins. 

He took a weighed quantity of Gum Ecsin, and 
having placed it in a mortar, added about four times 
its weight of alcohol. The spirit being ignited, the 
whole was triturated until all the alcohol was burned 
a\vay. The Gum Kesin became a soft extract, the 
liquid was then added in small quantities at a time, 
and a perfectly homogeneous emulsion was produced 
without subsequent separation. 

Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 

Syrup of Acacia, 4 ounces. 

Water, 4 ^' 

Cod Liver Oil, 8 

Oil Bitfcer Almonds, 5 drops. 

Eub the oils with the syrups and add the water. 

Dose : Dessert to tablespoonful. 

The following will be found an excellent formula 
for ^ 

Spurp Acacia. 

Best Gum Arabic, coarse powder, G ounces. 

Albumen, . 8 " . 

Glycerine, 4 " 

Salicylic Acid, 8 grains. 

Dissolve the Salicylic Acid in the Glycerine in a 
mortar and mix the solution with the Albumen in a 
wide mouthed bottle; add the Gum Arabic and stir 
two or three times a day until the gum is entirely 
dissolved ; strain if necessary ; stop tight and keep in 
a cool place. 



EMULSIONS. 151 

Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil and Pancreatin. 

Emulsion Cod liver Oil, 14 ounces. 

Pancreatin, 2 drachms. 

Water, , 2 ounces. 

Bicarb. Soda, GO grains. 

Allow the Pancreatin to swell in the water for a 
few days, then triturate the solution with the Bicarb 
Soda. Lastly mix the solution with the emulsion. 

Emulsion of Olive Oil. 

Syrup Acacia, 6 ounces. 

Water, 2 '^ 

Best Olive Oil, 8 " 

Oil W^intergreen, 10 drops 

Eub the oil with the syrup until a uniform mass is 
prepared. Add the Oil very slowly. 

Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil and Lactophosphate of Calcium. 

Cod Liver Oil, 16 ounces. 

Powdered Gum Tragacanth, 2 drams. 

Water, 12 ounces. 

Phosphate of Calcium, 2 drams. 

Muriatic Acid, q. s. 

Aqua Ammonia, q. s. 

Lactic Acid, 1 dram. 

Place the Cod Liver Oil in a clean, dry, quart bottle 
with the tragacanth. Mix thoroughly, and then add 
water; shake the mixture until perfectly emulsified. 
Dissolve the Phosphate of Calcium in another 
vessel with a sufficient quantity of Muriatic Acid and 
precipitate with Aqua Ammonia; pour ofi the liquid 
and wash the precipitate with water ; to this precipi- 
tate add the Lactic Acid, and a sufficient quantity of 
water to make the solution measure 4 ounces. Filter 
and add to the above emulsion. 



152 EMULSIONS. 



Cod Liver Oil with Iodide Potassium. 

Syrup of Acacia, 4 ounces. 

Iodide of Potassium, 256 grains. 

Water, 4 ounces. 

Cod Liver Oil, • 8 " 

Oil Bitter Almonds, 5 drops. 

Eub the Oils with the syrup, and add the water 
gradually in which the Iodide of potassium has been 
previously dissolved. Stir till no part of Oil is visible. 
Do not add the Oil too rapidly or you will fail to get a 
fine emulsion. 

Emulsion of Almonds. 

Sweet Almonds Shelled, J ounce. 

Powdered Gum Arabic, ^ dram. 

White Sugar, 2 drams. 

Distilled Water, 8 ounces. 

Eemove the external coat of the Almonds with hot 
water, beat them with the gum Arabic and sugar in 
a mortar imtil they are thoroughly reduced, then rub 
the mixture with the distilled water, graaually added. 
Strain through muslin. 

Emulsion of Monobromated Camphor. 

Monobromated Camphor, 1 dram. 

Oil of Sweet Almonds, 6 drams. 

Gum Arabic, 3 '' 

Water, 6 " 

Tincture Cardamom, 8 " 

Simple Syrup, 2 ounces. 

Water to complete, 6 ^' 

Dissolve the Monobromated Camphor in the Oil 
with the help of a gentle heat, place the solution in a 
dry mortar with the powdered Acacia. Mix well 
and add the six drams of water at once. 



EMULSIONS. 153 



Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil and Phosphate of Lime. 

Cod Liver Oil, 4 ounces. 

Glyconin, 9 drachms. 

Dilute Alcohol, IJ ounces. 

Phosphate of Lime, 4 drams. 

Essence of bitter Almonds, 2 " 

Water sufficient. 
Add the Oil to the glyconin very slowly, stirring 
briskly all the while. When the emulsion is complete 
add the Phosphate of lime freshly precipitated, the 
Alcohol, the essence of Almonds, and lastly enough 
water to complete ten fluid ounces. 

Remark. — Glyconin is made by mixing five parts in 
weight of concentrated Glycerine with four parts of 
Yolks of Eggs previously well beaten. 

LINIMENTS. 

Def. Are medicinal oily substances for outward 
application. The base of most liniments is Cotton-seed 
Oil. 

There are ten officinal Liniments divided into thiee 
classes, according to the base. 

1. Base, Cotton Seed Oil. 

2. Case Alcohol. 

3. Base, Oil of Turpentine. 

Aconrte and Chloroform Liniment. 

Tincture of Aconite Root, 2 ounces. 

Chloroform, 2 " 

Soap Liniment, 12 " 

Mix them ; apply carefully. 

Valuable in neuralgia and in sprains. Should not 
be used when the skin is broken. 



154 LINIMENTS. 



Arnica Liniment, 

Arnica Flowers, 2 ounces. 

Oil of Sassafras, i ounce. 

" Turpentine, ^ " 

" Origanum, ^ " 

Alcohol, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Bruise the flowers and macerate with eight ounces 
of alcohol for three days, then transfer to percolator, 
add remaining alcohol, and percolate until fifteen 
ounces have passed ; then add the oils, and shake well. 
For external use. Good in sprains, bruises and 
lame back. 

Pride of India Liniment. 

Alcohol, i pint. 

Gum Camphor, 2 ounces. 

Linseed Oil, 1 (juart. 

Chloroform, 2 ounces. 

Tincture Conium, 2 " 
Mix. 
Used in croup, and a good remedy for toothache. 

St. Jacob's Oil. 

Oil of Sassafras. j ounce. 

" Origanum, ^1 " 

Choloroform, 1 " 

Sulph. Ether. 1 " 

Chloral Hydrate, 1 '' 

Tincture of Opium, J " 

Gum Camphor, 1 " 

Alcohol, i gallon. 

Dissolve the camphor in a portion of alcohol and 
rub thoroughly in a mortar ; then add the other in- 
gredients and mix. , 
Used externally and internally. 
Dose : One-half teaspoonful as often as needed. 



LINIMENTS. 



155 



Young's Liniment. 



Black Oil, 

Alcohol, 

Tincture Arnica, 

British Oil, 

Tincture Stramonium, 

Oil of Tar, 
Mix. 
This is good for inflammations. 



( 2 ounces each. 



1 ounce. 



Great African Wonder. 

Chloroform, 
Oil of Origanum, 

*' Sassafras, 

" Turpentine, 
Tincture of Opium, 
Spirits of Camphor, 



1 ounce. 

2 ounces. 
2 " 

1 ounce. 

1 '' 

2 ounces. 
1 quart. 



Alcohol, 
Mix. 

For external and internal use. 

Dose: For rheumatism, headache, colic, etc., two 
teaspoonfuls, in one-third glase of water. 



German Liniment. 



Oil of Origanum, 


J> ounce. 


" Sassafras, 


J drachm. 


Tincture of Capsicum, 


w ounce. 


" Camphor, 


i " 


" ' Aconite, 


i 


Chloroform. 


4 drachms 


Comp. Soap Liniment, 


1 ounce. 


Alcohol, 


2 quarts. 


Mix, External, only. 





156 



LINnrENTS. 



Brodie*s Liniment. 

Sulphuric Acid, 1 drachm. 

OHve Oil, 1 ounce. 

Turpentine, 1 '' 

Add the acid to the oil very slowly, stirring con- 
stantly, and when cold add the turpentine. 



ounce. 



Black Liniment. 

Sulphuric Acid, 1 drachm 

Olive Oil, 1 

Turpentine, 

Mix the acid with the oil, very slowly, and when 
cold add the turpentine. This is a good counter-irrit- 
ant, and excellent for swellings of the joints; apply 
twice a day, on lint. 



Centaur Liniment. 




Oil of Sassafras, 


2 ounces. 


'' Spike, 


3 


" Peppermint 


1 ounce. 


" Petroleum, 


3 ounces. 


".. Cloves, 


2 drachms. 


" Cinnamon, 


2 


" Cedar, 


2 ■ " 


" Origanum, 


2 ounces. 


" Wormwood, 


2 


" Tansy, 


2 drachms. 


Aqua Ammonia, 


2 ounces. 


Tincture of Opium, 


2 


Opodeldoc, 


•2 


Gum Camphor, 


2 


Chloroform, 


2 


Alcohol, 


1 gallon. 



Mix. This is an excellent liniment, and good in all 
cases where liniment is needed. 



LIXLMEXTS. 157 



Loomis* Liniment. 

Oil of Cedar, 1 drachm. 

" Hemlock, 2 drachms. 

" Origanum, 1 drachru. 

" Cajei^iit, 2 drachms. 

" Sassafras, 5 " 

Powdered Capsicmn, Ij " 
Alcohol sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Macerate for five days, then filter. For internal or 
external use. 
Dose : One-half teaspoonful. 

Manning's Lininnent. 

Aqua Ammonia, 1 ounce. 

Oil of Eosemary, 3 drachms. 

'^ Lavender, 2 " 

Gum Camphor, j ounce. 

Iodine, 1 drachm. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the camphor and iodine in the alcohol, 

then add the oils; lastly add sufficient aqua ammonia 
to remove the dark color. 

Newton's Liniment. 

Ammonia Liniment, U. S. P., 4 ounces. 

Castile Soap Liniment, 2 • '' 

Chloroform, 1 ounce. 

Tincture of Arnica, j " 

Tincture of Iodine, 12 mimins. 

Essential Oil of Turpentine, I ounces. 



'' " Eosemary, > -, , 

" Origanum; \ 1 ounce each. 

" " Lavender, 12 drops. 

Mix thoroughly. Apply on piece of cotton or hnt. 



158 



LINIMExNTS. 




Magnetic 


LinI 


Iment. 




Sulph. Ether, 






1 ounce. 


Muriate of Ammonia, 






3 drachms. 


Oil of Origanum, 






2 


Tincture Cantharides, 






2 


Alcohol, 






1 x)int. 



Mix. 

Bathe the affected parts and rub in well; this is a 
good stimulating liniment. 

Gunn's Rheumatic Liniment. 

Linseed Oil, 1 ounce. 

Oil of Amber, 1 

Cedar, 1 

Gum Camphor, i " 

Sulph. Ether sufficient to dissolve. 

Olive Oil, ) 

Turpentine. [ i ounce each. 

Laudanum, ' 
Mix. 

Use Castile Soap and rub in the liniment three 
times a day. 

Great Mogul Liniment. 



Acetate of Morphia, 




12 grains. 


Aqua Ammonia, 


} 

^ 




Ohve Oil, 


1 ounce each. 


Cholroform, 




Mix. 






For external use only. 






British Oil. 




American Petroleum, 




4 ounces. 


Oil of Juniper, 




w ounce. 


^' Turpentine, 




4 ounces. 


*' Amber, 




1 pint. 


Flaxseed Oil, 




3 pints. 



Mix together thoroughly by agitation. 



LINIMENTS. 




Haarlem Oil. 




Crude Oil of Amber, 


^ pint. 


Barb ado es Tar, 


1 " 


Balsam of Sulphur, 


3 pints. 


Linseed Oil, 


4 " 


Oil of Turpentine, 


8 " 


Mix together thoroughly. 




Smith's Electric Oil. 




Linseed Oil, 


2 pints. 


Olive Oil, 


4 '' 


Sassafras Oil, 


i pint. 


Cholroform, 


4 ounces 


Mix. 




Fluid Lightning. 




Alcohol, 


4 ounces. 


Glycerine, 


1 ounce. 


Extract Aconite, 


1 grain. 


Oil of Mustard, 


1 drachm. 



^59 



Mix. This formula has been sold to physicians at 
from $25 to $100 each. Used in rheumatism and 
sciatica, externally. 



Common Liniment. 



Aqua Ammonia, 


i 


ounce. 


Tincture of Arnica, 




u 


" " Capsicum, 




ii 


" Myrrh, 




ii 


Sulph. Etlier, 




u 


Oil of Winter green. 




drachms 


" Spearmint, 




I k 


Tincture of Camphor, 




ounce. 


Alcohol, 




quart. 



Mix. This is a good useful liniment. 



i6o 



LINIMENTS 



Farmington Liniment. 

• (For Rheumatism.) 



each 1 ounce. 



Olive Oil, ) 

Sprits Campljor, r 

Chloroform, ) 

Oil or Sassafras, j ounce. 

Add the Oil of Sassafras to the Olii^e Oil, then 
the Camphor, and lastly the chloroform. Apply three 
times a day, and always rub toward the body. 



Croton 


Linimentc 




Tincture of Iodine, 




3 drachms 


Sulph. Ether, 




4 


Croton Oil, 




2 . 


Iodide Potassa, 




20 grains. 


Alcohol, 




1 ounce. 



Mix. This liniment is used for a blister, and also 
as a counter-irritant. 



Rhumatic Liniment. 

Chloral Hydrate, 

Camphor, 

Tincture Aconite Root, 

Oil of Cajeput, 

Alcohol sufficient to make, 



4 drachms, 

4 

1 ounce. 

3 drachms. 

4 ounces. 



Mix. Apply with a camel-hair pencil over the parts 
affected. 



Carpenter's Liniment. 

Aqua Ammonia, 

Chloroform, 

Olive Oil, 

Sulph. Morphia, 

Alcohol, 
Mix. 

For pains in the back and limbs ; apply often and 
rub in well. External only. 



1 ounce. 
1 " 
1 " 

10 '' 
Bounces. 



LIXniEXTS. 




Carter's Lin 


ment. 




Oil of Turpentine, 




^ ounce. 


" Origanum, 




i '' 


" Cedar, 




J " 


Sassafras, 




J '' 


" Hemlock, 




^ " 


Balsam of Fur, 




1 


Cliloroform, 




1 


Gum Camphor, 




1 u 
2" 


Sulph. Ether, 




l' '' 


Tincture of Capsicum, 




2 ounces 


Oil of Wormwood, 




J ounce. 


Alcohol, 
Mix. 




5- gallon. 



i6i 



J ounce. 

1 u 



Mattern's Cream Camphorc 

White Castile Soap, 1 ounce. 

Boiling water sufficient to dissolve. 
Carbonate of Ammonia, 
Gum Camphor, 
Tincture of Opium, 
Spirits of Turpentine, 
Oil of Origanum, 
Water sufficient to make, 
Mix and thoroughly dissolve, 
inof liniment. 



z ounces. 

J ounce. 
2 pints, 
good stimulat- 



Neuralgia Liniment. 

Tincture of Aconite Boot, 1 ounce. 

" " Arnica, 2 ounces. 

Oil of Camphor, 1 ounce. 

" Cajeput, li ounces. 

Chloroform, 1 ounce. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 
Mix. To be well rubbed in. 



i62 LINIMENTS. 




Metz Balsam. 




Linseed Oil, 1 




Olive Oil, J 


6 ounces each. 


Expressed Oil of Laurel, 


1 ounce. 


Turpentine, 


2 ounces. 


Powdered Aloes, 


2 drachms. 


" Sulphate of Zinc. 


U " 


" Yerdigris, 


3 


Oil of Juniper, 


4 


" Cloves, 


1 drachm. 


Mix the Turpentine and the Oil of Laurel with the 


Linseed and Olive Oil, over a g< 


entle fire ; then add 


powders, and when cool, the essential Oils. The 


hottle must he shaken before using. 


Used for dressing old sores, ulcers, etc. 


Cook's Magnetic Liniment. 


Oil of Amber, 


8 ounces. 


Gum Camphor, 


8 " 


Castile Soap, 


2 " 


Beef Gall, 


4 '' 


Aqua Ammonia, 


12 '' 



Alcohol, 1 gallon. 
Cut the soap into fine pieces before adding to the 

other ingredients. Mix, and shake occasionally. 
This is a good cheap liniment. 

Hamlin's Wizard Oil. 

Chloroform, 2 ounces. 

Oil of Sassafras, 2 '^ 

Tincture of Camphor, 2 " 

'^ Opium, 2 '' 

Powdered Cayenne, 2 " 

Aqua Ammonia, 2 ^' 

Alcohol, 1 gallon. 
Filter and color to suit. 



LINIMENTS. 163 



Iodide of Ammonia Liniment. 

Iodine, 15 grains. 

xllcohol, 8 ounces. 

Gum Camphor, 2 drachms. 

Oil of Lavender, 1 drachm. 

" Eosemary, 1 ** 

Water of Ammonia, 1 ounce. 

This has been largely advertised as a patent medi- 
cine, Giles' Liniment; which is heralded as a new dis- 
covery. It is largely used in a great many of the 
cities and towns of the United States. 

King of Pain. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Oil of Origanum, 2 ounces. 

'^ Cedar, 1 ounce. 

'' Sassafras. 1 '' 

" Hemlock, 1 ounce. 

" Turpentine, 3 ounces. 

Gum Camphor, 2 " 

Tincture of Lobeha, 2 '* 

'' Arnica, 2 '' 

'' Capsicum, 3 '' 

Aqua Ammonia, • 3 "^ 

Sweet Oil, 3 " 
Mix. Use with castile soap, and apply three times 
a day. 

'Chamberlain's Relief. 

Tincture of Capsicum, 1 fl. ounce. 

Spirits Camphor, f fl. 

Tincture Guaiac, 1 fl. " 

Alcohol, 1 

Mix well together. 



164 





LINIMENTS. 




Bl 


ack Oil Liniment. 




Quicksilver, 




Y drachm. 


Nitric Acid, 




1 


Sulphuric Acid, 




2 drachms. 


Olive Oil, 




1 ounce. 


Turpentine, 




1 


Cotton Cloths, 




q. s. 



Mix the acids together very slowly, avoid the fumes ; 
this must he made out of doors. When the acids are 
mixed, add the turpentine and olive oil, together with 
all the cotton cloths it will dissolve. 



Brodle's Asthma Liniment. 


Alcohol, 


8 ounces. 


Oil of Stillingia, 


4 " 


*' Lohelia, 


1 ounce. 


" Cajeput, 


2 ounces. 


Mix. Eub the spinal column and neck three times 


a day. 




British Oil. 




Oil Turpentine, 


4 ounces. 


" Flax-seed, 


3 pints. 


" Amber, 


1 pint. 


" Juniper, 


J ounce. 


Barbadoes Petroleum, 


2 


American " 


2 


Mix. 




Hines' Liniment. 




Aqua x\mmonia. 


2 ounces. 


Tincture of Opium, 


i ounce. 


" Arnica, 


1 


Chloroform, 


1 


Gum Camphor, 


1^ ounces. 


Alcohol, 


5 " 


Mix Apply to the parts affected 


by means of a 


flannel saturated with the hniment. 





LixnrEXTS. 



-65 



Hobbs Kerosene Liniment. 

Kerosene Oil. 
Tincture of Opium, 
" '• Arnica, 
'' " Stramonium, 
Aromatic Spts. Ammonia, 
Spirits of Camphor, 
Oil of Origanum, 
Chloroform, 

Mix. Rub in well, twice during twenty-four hours. 
This is one of the best liniments in use, and as good 
for beast as man. 



z ounces. 

4 drachms. 

5 

4 

6 

5 

4 

1 ounce. 



Osgood's Liniment. 

Castile Soap, 
Gum Myrrh, 

" Opium, 

" Camphor, 
Oil of Origanum, 
Tincture of Arnica. 
Chloroform, 
Alcohol, 



2 ounces. 
2 

1^ ounce. 
2 
2 
2 

i ounce. 
1 quart. 



ounces. 



Mix and let it stand for a week, occasionally shaking, 
and it is ready for use. 



Johnson's Liniment. 

Chloroform, 
Tincture of Myrrh, 

^^ " Capsicum, 

" " Arnica, 

Sulph. Ether, 
Oil of Spearmint, 

'' Wintergreen, 
Aqua Ammonia, 
Alcohol, 
Mix. 



i ounce. 
1 
1 
1 

2 
2i drachms. 
2i 

2 ounces. 
1 quart. 



i66 LINIMENTS. 



Flagg's Relief. 

Oil of Cloves, 1 fi. drachm. 

" Sassafras, 2 fl. drachms. 

Spirits of Camphor, IJ ounces. 
Mix well together. ' 

Rad way's Ready Relief. 

Soap Liniment, I5- fi. ounces. 

Tincture Capsicum, 1 fi. ounce. 

Water of Ammonia, 1 " " 

Alcohol, i " '^ 
Mix thoroughly. 

Uncle Sam's Nerve and Bone Liniment. 

Oil of Origanum, 4 ounces. 

'^ Eosemary, 4 " 

'' Amber, 4 '' 

'' Hemlock, 4 '' 

Turpentine, 4 pints. 

Oil of Linseed, 6 " 
Mix. For external use only. 



PILLS AND THEIR EXCIPIENTS.- 

The character of well prepared pills are that they 
be not too soft, do not stick together nor flatten, that 
they are smooth and round, all of the same size, and 
all contain similar proportions of medicinal ingre- 
dients. 

As far as possible it is advisable to send out pills of 
the same weight as prescribed, and since inspessation 
is more or less inconvenient at the dispensing counter 
this object is attained by keeping the more common 
extracts both in a soft condition and in a state suffi- 
ciently hard to roll into pills with but little addi- 
tion of powder. Ext. Coloc. Co. and Ext. Rliei 
are more conveniently kept in the state of powder 
as also are several pill-masses, viz., pill Assafoetida 
Co., pil. Gamboge Co., pil. Aloes et Ferri, pil. 
Aloes et Myrrh, pil. Hyd. Subchloride Co., etc. 
Due allowance being made for the absence of excipient. 

Eemeviher: Always weigh your pill mass after mix- 
ing and see that it corresponds with the total mass of 
the ingredients. This corrects a mistake of quantity 
and in some measure guards against the result of care- 
less weighing. 

Where no excipient is ordered the simplest should 
be selected, and that which gives least increase to 
the size of the pill. 

When a fraction of a grain of a powerful medica- 
ment, (Strychnia, Perchloride or Biniodide of Mer- 
cury, Calcium Sulphide, etc.) is prescribed in a pill 



i68 PILLS. 

without indication of excipient tliey sliould be made 
to weigh one grain each. Tlie substance ordered 
should be intimately mixed with sugar of . milk and 
massed with soft manna or extract of Taraxacum. 

Bounding pills with the fingers is only permissible 
when the mass is of such a character that it crumbles 
under the rounder. 

To make pills that will keep their shape for a rea- 
sonable time they ought to contain some fibrous vege- 
table powder in their composition. Where such is 
not ordered the dispenser has often to ase it bat of 
course what he uses must be both medicinally and 
chemically inert. — Hager. 

Substances which are decomposed by Iron such as 
Calomel, Argent Nit. Copper, and Bismuth salts, must 
not be mixed in an iron mortar. 

Marshmallow powder or Tragacanth is generahy the 
best excipient. Salts easily soluble in water natur- 
ally require very careful addition of moisture. 

Soft Masses. — Crystallized salts, fluid acids, soft 
extracts with an organic powder often make a mass 
of muddy consistence which rights itself by waiting 
ten to fifteen minutes. 

Time should always be given for an organic powder 
to suck up moisture. 

When fluids require to be added to form a pill mass 
the best plan is to drop the fluid first on the point of 
the spatula and form it to the mortar in quantity nec- 
essary to form a mass. 

Pill Masses containing dry vegetable powders re- 
quire some few minutes to absorb the added water and 
therefore should be made alittle to soft, and allowed 
to stand for ten to fifteen minutes before rolling or 
they are liable to crumble. 



PILLS. 169 



Acetate of Potash.— Some pill makers are in the 
habit of using the dry Acetate of Soda, but the plan 
is questionable. The better plan is to use Canada 
balsam. Three grams of Acetate of Potash may be 
made into a suitable pill with Canada balsam. It will 
remain stable. 

Acids.— Muriatic Acid being volatile, pills containing 
it must be dispensed in bottles. Pills with acids must 
under all circumstances be made in porcelain or wedge 
wood mortars. As excipients use Marshmallow pow- 
der and glycerinated water. 

Benzoic Acid. — Use glycerine, 1 drop to every 5 
grains of the acid. 

Balsams. — Hager recommends pills containiug fluid 
balsam, oils or fats as ingredients; to use wax when a 
moderate amount of powder is insufficient. Wax, 
however, would be very likely to interfere with com- 
plete solution. Lycopodium and a gentle heat would 
be preferable. 

Copaiba. — Use Carbonate of Magnesia if for imme- 
diate use. 

Balsam Peeu. — Bread crumb is a good excipient. 
Wiien the balsam is in large excess it may be partly 
solidified adding to it from one-half to one- third its 
weight of Calcined Magnesia and allowing it to stand 
for some hours. 

Calomel. — Calcined Magnesia must not be used as 
excipient under any circumstances, because it reduces 
it to the black oxide. 

Camphoe. — Should be finely powdered and massed 
with a tenacious ext. or prepared tragacanth. Spnit 
must be avoided unless a large proportion of a resin- 
ous body is present. 

Soap and Castor oil makes an excellent excipient 
for Camphor. 



I70 PILLS. 



Camphor and Hyoscyamus. — Powder tlie Camphor 
with the addition of a httle water instead of spirit. 
The addition of extract of Henbane will then make a 
good plastic mass, retaining its consistence for some 
time. — Dr. Syrnes. 

Carbolic Acid.— Make a mixture of powdered soap 
1 part and powdered licorice root 5 parts. Three 
grains of this will take up 1 grain of Carbolic Acid, 
and make a firm pliable mass without any addition. 
Two grains of bread crumb will make a mass with one 
grain of Carbolic Acid. 

Wheat en flower also, and a little simple syrup gives 
a plastic mass with Carbolic Acid. 

White says that Calvert's pure crystallized Carbolic 
Acid may be easily made into pills with wheaten 
flour in the proportion of Ij grains flour to two grains 
acid. 

Chloral Hydrate, is made into a good mass by the 
addition of a very small quantity of Canada Balsam. 

Corrosive Sublimate. — Triturate very carefully in 
sugar of milk and mass with soft extract of Tarax- 
acum. 

Creosote. — Powdered soap when not incompatible, 
makes good pills, or pulv. glycyrrhizae, light calcmed 
Magnesia, (1 grain to 2 minims of Creosote) mixed 
with Creosote solidifies in a few hours. A few shreds 
of yellow wax and licorice powder make the best ex- 
cipient for Creosote. 

Essential Oils. — Powdered soap 1 part and pow- 
dered licorice root 5, will make a good mass with one 
minim of essential oil. In a pill with a large quantity 
of any essential oil, it sometimes saves trouble to rub 
the oil with a few grains of Magnesia before adding 
the other insfredients. 



PILLS. T71 



Etlierial oils in small quantities do not much inter- 
fere with the formation of pill masses, but when the 
quantity to he compounded is considerable, they 
should be melted or powdered with yellow resin to a 
doughy paste and then mixed with a vegetable pow- 
der. If gum resins or resins are ordered, the etherial 
oils can be combined with wax by gentle heat in a 
test tube. — Hager. 

Feeri Beomidum. — The Pharmaceutical Society of 
Paris, recommends a hot, strong solution of the 
bromide to be mixed in a dry warm porcelain mortar 
with Licorice pow^der and Gum xlrabic in equal parts 
sufficient to make a mass. Eoll the pills in Lyco- 
podium. 

Blancard's Iodide of Iron Pills were formerly pre- 
scribed to be made as follows: Combine 4 grammes 
Iodine with 2 grammes of powdered Iron in 8 grammes 
of water, filter into 5 grammes of honey, evaporate 10 
grammes and make into pills, with Marshmallow and 
Licorice. 

A shorter and equally good process is to stir 2 
grammes of Iron with 4 grammes of Iodine in 4 
grammes of hot water until the brown color has dis- 
appeared. Then mix 4 grammes of white sugar, 3 
grammes of Marshmallow and 7.5 grammes of Licorice. 
Make 100 pills, which roll in powdered Iron, and dry 
in a warm place; the dry pills to be varnished with 
Balsam Tolu. 

CiTEATE OF Ieox axd Quinine. — Citrate of Iron and 
Quinine makes a good pill with the Tragacanth Paste, 
but it will not remain hard, as the salt is deliquescent. 
— Whitla. 

A good mass may be made with a small quantity 
of Alcohol, but it must be rolled quickly. 



172 PILLS. 

Ferri Sulph. Use Petrolatum or Cacao Butter. 
Avoid liquids as they promote decomposition. 

Ferrum. — Avoid liquids as hydrogen is developed 
and the pills swell. 

Gallic Acid. — Use Glycerine, 1 drop to 10 grains. 

Hyd?iARO C. Greta. ^Must not be vigorously worked 
in pill mortar, or mercury separates. Any soft extract 
forms good excipient. 

EheiPulv. — UseProof Spirit or Tinct. Ehei (1 drop 
to 3 grains). A soft mass should be made and 
rolled immediately, otherwise it is troublesome. 

Soda Bicarb. — Three grains of dried Bicarb Soda 
with 1 grain of powdered ginger can be made into a 
very workable mass by the addition of 1 grain of Traga- 
canth and water or mucilage sufficient to make a mass. 
The pills both roll and keep well. 

Sulphide Calcium. — Mix with sugar of milk and 
triturate; add a small amount of powdered Licorice 
Boot. The mass can now be easily worked up with a 
little Tragacanth Paste. Sugar of milk makes the 
best powder to aid the sub-division of an active sub- 
stance. 

Tannic Acid. — Use i weight of Glycerine if for im- 
mediate use, otherwise add Mucilage of Acacia. 

Zinc Val. — Use a small quantity of Pulv Acacia and 
mass with Alcohol; work quickly, and excellent re- 
sults will follow. 

Eesinous Ingredients in Pills. — Gum Kesins and 
Resins must be first rubbed to a fine powder, and to 
prevent them sticking to the mortar, the latter and 
the pestel may be first rubbed with paper soaked in 
Almond Oil. The Eesinous powder is easily made 
into a mass with a few drops of spirit, but the pills so 
made do not keep their shape. To most of such sub- 
stances, to aloes especially, the addition of a little vege- 



PILLS. . 173 

table powder — Marsliiuallow powder, for example — 
is desirable. Assafoetida gives pills of good consistence 
with a few drops of weak spirit; but siicli an addition, 
with aloes, produces pills which flatten. Spirit should 
be added very cautiously, as it is often found, 
especially when any soap is present, that on working 
the mass becomes softer than it appeared at first. 
Hager. 

Insoluble Salts. — Try for these a mixture of equal 
parts of Acacia and Tragacanth, and add syrup to de- 
velop adhesiveness. Calomel and Bismuth are nicely 
massed by the addition of a little soft extract of Tar- 
axacum. 

Iodide of Potassium. — Use Licorice powder, but 
first rub the salt with a few drops of water to a smooth 
paste. 

Pepsin. — Half its weight of Glycerine. 

A good, reliable excipient for pow^dered Hher or 
Pepsin in pills is equal parts of Glycerince, Syrup and 
water. 

Peemaxgaxate of Potash. — Use Cacao Butter. 

A good excipient is made thus: Vaseline, 2 parts; 
ParaffineWax, 1 part; melt and stir till cold and add 
Kaolin, 3 parts ; mix well. 

Phosphkous. — Use Cacao Butter and add a small 
portion of Canada Balsam. 

Quinine Sulph. — Glycerine and Tragacanth answer 
well. 

A Good Excipient for Pills. 

Starch, 4 drachms. 

Glycerine, 3 ounces. 

Mix and heat together by means of a water bath 
until a gelatinous mass is formed. 

Excipients should be added to the pill cautiously 
or it will become too soft. If this occurs a dryer will 



174 • PILLS. 



be needed. Powdered acacia, powdered starcK, 
powdered licorice, etc., all answer the jDurpose. 

Gamboge Pills Compound. 

Gamboge, 1 drachm. 

Aloes, 1 

Compound Powder of Cinnamon, 1 " 
Soap 2 ounces.. 

Syrup Sufficient, 
Make into three grain pills. 
Dose : One to three pills. 

Pills of Copaiba. 

Sohd Copaiba, 600 grains. 

Magnesia, 60 ^^ 

Make 200 pills. 
Dose. One to three pills, 

Pills of Aloes and Assafatida. 

Aloes, 3 drachms. 

Castile Soap, 3 " , 

Pulv. Assaloetida, 40 grains. 

Make into 3 grain pills. 
Dose. Two to Five. 

Pills, Bromide of Iron. 

Brom. Ferri Pulv, 12 grains. 

Confect Kosae, 18 

Gum Acacia, 12 

Make 20 pills. 

Dose. Take two in the morning and two in the 
evening. Useful in hypertrophy of the heart and 
scrofulous affection*. 



PILLS. 175 



Quinine ; 


and Camphor Pills. 


Ext. Cinch, 


1 drachm. 


Pulv. Camphor, 


12 grains. 


- Opii, 


1 grain. 


" Cinch, 


q. s. 


Make 12 pills, 




Dose. One every 3 hours. 


Antis 


ipasmodic Pills. 


Ext. Cinch. 


2 drachms. 


Catechu, 


2 


Pulv. Assafoetida, 


40 grains. 


Nitrate of Potass. 


40 



Make 50 pills. 
Dose. One every two or three hours or oftener if 
needed. 

Pills of the Arsenate of Iron. 

Ferri. Protox, Arsen, 3 grains. 

Ext. Humuli, 2 drachms. 

Pulv. Althae, - 30 grains. 

. Simple Syrup, q s. 

Make 48 pills. 
Dose. Take one every day. Useful in scrofulous 
or cancerous affections. 

Emmenagogue Pills. 

(FOEMULA NO 1.) 

Ferri Sulph., 30 grains. 

Galbanum, 1^- drachms. 

Myrrh, U 

Syr. Aurant Cort, q s. 

Make pills two grains each. 
Dose. Take six every three hours. 



\']6 



PILLS. 



Pills of Aloes and Iron. 




Socotrine Aloes, 


1 ounce. 


Ginger Jam, 


2 ounces. 


Sulphate of Iron, 


2 


Extract of Conium, 


1 ounce. 


Make into 8 grain pills. 




Dose. One or two pills. 


• ■ 


Ennmenagogue Pills. 




Ferri Sulph. 


20 grains. 


Pulv. Aloes, 


20 " 


Saponis Castile, 


20 



Make ten pills, 
Dose. One morning and night. 

Ennmenagogue Pills. 

(FOEMULA NO 2) 

Acid Tannic. 20 grains. 

Morphiae Sulph, 1 grain. 

Mucilage Acacia, q s. 

Make ten pills. 
Dose. Take one every two or three hours. Useful 
in diarrhoea and dysentery. 

Pills for Intermittent Fever. 

Cupri Sulph, 6 grains. 

Ext. Cmchonae, 32 " 

Simple Syrup, q s. 

Make sixteen pills. 
Dose. Take one four times a day. 



Piils in Nervous Irritability etc. 

Zinci Yalerianas 18 grains. 

Make twelve pills. 
Dose. One three times a day. 



PILLS. 



177 



Pills of Camphor and Kino. 




Pulv. Kino, 


40 grains. 


Camphor. 


30 


Pulv. Aromatic. 


20 


Oxide of Zinc, 


10 


Make twenty pills. 




Dose . Two morning and night. 




Pills for Asthma. 




Pulv. Opii, 


1 grain. 


Castorei, 


1 grain. 


Digitalis, 


2 


Pil. Scillae (compound) 


8 


Mix. Make four pills. 




Dose. One three times a day . 




In Gout of the Stomach. 




Ammon Garb, 


20 grains. 


Pulv. Capsici 


20 


Pulv. Caryoph, 


20 


Pulv. Mascis, 


20 


01. Carri, 


5 drops. 


Ext. of Gentian, 


5 grains. 


Syrup Simple, 


q s. 



Mix. Make 20 pills. 
Dose. One every two hours. 

Sulphate of Iron Pills. 

Ferri. Sulph. 3 drachms. 

Socotrine Aloes, 2 " 

Aromatic Powder, 6 " 

Confection of Roses, 8 '' 

Pulverize the Iron and Aloes separately, mix all 

t)he ingredients in a proper mass, then make pills five 

grains each. 

Dose. — One to three pills a day. 



178 



PILLS. 



Hooper's Female Pills. 

Aloes Soc, 8 ounces. 

Dried Sulphate of Iron, ' 17^- drachms. 

Extract of Black Hellebore, 2 ounces. 

Myrrh, 2 '' 

Soap, 2 " 

Powdered Canella, 1 ounce. 

Powdered Ginger, 1 '' 

Beat them well together into a mass, with syrup 
or water, and divide into pills, each containing two 
and one-half grains. 
Dose. — Take one every four hours. 



In Neural&^ia, 

Extract of Hyoscyamus, 

Extract of Belladonna, 

Sulph. Morphia, 

Sulph. Quinine, 
Mix, make 20 pills. 
Dose.— One every two hours. 



J drachm 
5 grains. 
2 
40 



In Rheumatism. 




Pulv. Antimony, 


10 grains 


Pulv. Opii, 


2 '' 


Hyd. Ohio. Mit., 


2 '' 


Confection of Eoses, 


q. s. 


Mix. Make four pills. 




Dose. — Take two at bed time. 





Pills for Habitual Costiveness. 



Pulv. Ipecac, 

Hydrarg. Chlo. Mit. 

Ext. Taraxaci, 
Mix. Make 30 pills. 
Dose. — One three times a day. 



10 grains. 
3 
40 



PILLS. 179 



Dr. Vance's Rheumatic Pills. 

Ext. Colchici Acetic, 1 drachm. 

Piilv Ipecac Comp., l^- drachms. 

Dover's Powder, 3 grains. 

Make 24 pills. 
Dose : Two at night and one before breakfast. 

In Scrofulous and Skin Diseases. 

Grreen Iodide of Mercury, 10 grains. 

Eesin of Guaiacum, 40 " 

Ext. Conium, 30 '' 

Triturate the resin of Guaiacum into a mass with a 
little Alcohol ; then incorporate with it the extract of 
Conium and Iodide of Mercury and divide into twenty 
pills. 

Dose : One three times a day. 

Electric Liver Pills. 

Podophyllin, 10 grains. 

Leptandrin, 20 " 

Sanguinaria, • 10 " 

Extract of Dandehon, 20 " 
Mix into twenty pills. 

Useful in chronic diseases of the liver. Take a pill 

at night for several days, or two may be taken at first 
to move the bowels, then one daily. 



Cook's Pills. 




Powdered Aloes Soc, 


100 grains. 


Ehubarb, 


100 '' 


Calomel, 


15 '' 


Powdered Castile Soap, 


25 '' 


Make one hundred pills. 




Dose: Two to four pills. 





i8o 



PILLS. 



Webster's Dinner Pills. 

Powdered Socotrine Aloes, 
Mastic, 
" Red Rose Leaves, 

Make two hundred pills. 
Dose : One to three. 



360 grains. 
120 '' 
120 " 



Ague Pills. 

Blue Mass, 14 grains. . 

Sulph. Quinine, 21 '' 

Oil Black Pepper, 12 drops. 

Make twelve pills. 

Dose : One pill every three hours preceding the 
chill. 



Hewlett's Ague Pills. 

Quinine, 

Powd, Gum Myrrh, 
'' Capsicum, 
Make into 64 pills. 
Dose : One pill. 

Ingall's Pills. 

Pulverized Gamboge, 

Aq, Ext. iVloes Soct., 

Podophyllin, 
Mix and make one hundred pills. 
Dose : One or two pills. 

Lee's Pills. 

Powdered Aloes , 

Scammony, 

Gamboge, 

Jalap, 

Soap, Castile, 
Make into three grain pills. 
Dose : One to three pills. 



2 drachms, 
1 drachm. 
1 



50 grains. 



50 
50 



1 ounce. 

2 

3 drachms. 

2 '^ 

1 drachm. 



PIT.LS. 



i8r 



Barclay's Anti-Billlous. 

Extract of Colocynth, 2 drachms. 

Extract of Jalai), 1 drachm. 

Ahnond Soap, IJ^ drachms. 

Guaiacum, 3 " 

Tartarized Antimony, 8 grains. 

Oil Jmiiper, 4 drops. 

Oil of Caraway, 4 " 

Oil.of Kosmary, 4 " 
Form into amass with syrup and divide into three 
grain pills. 

Dose : One to three pills. 

In Chorea and Epilepsy, 



Argent. Nit. 


3 grains 


Pulv. Opium, 


30 


" Camphor, 


20 


" Moschus. 


20 


Make twenty-four pills. 




Dose . One morning and night. 




To Produce Sleep. 




Ext. Opii. xlqueous. 


2 grains. 


Camphor, 


2 


Simple Syrup 


q s. 



iVI ake one pill . 
Dose . To be taken at bedtime 



For Neuralgia. 

Oxide of Zinc, 

Ext. Hyoscyamus, 

Hellebore Nig., 

Piilv. Glycyrrhiza Ead, 
Make 72 pills. 
Dose. — One pill daily. 



1 drachm. 
1 " 
1 '' 
q. s. 



i82 PILLS. 



Emmenagogue Pills. 

Pulv. Myrrh, Ij drachms. 

Ext. Hyoscyamus, 30 grains. 

Pulv. Scillae, 30 '' 

Aqua, q. s. 
Make 30 pills. 
Dose. — Two or three daily. 
Use. — To promote menstrual discharge. 



SOLID EXTRACTS 

Extracts or " solid extracts," are the soluble active 
principles of drugs concentrated by evaporation to a 
soft, semi-solid consistence. 

The strength of an extract depends upon the amount 
of the crude drug it represents. Hence, were the 
medicinal strength of the drug uniform, the percent- 
age of extract obtained from it should always bear a 
definite relation to the drug. Ten grains of extract 
are obtained from 100 grs. Nux Vomica by the offi- 
cinal menstruum: 1 gr. of the extract represents, 
therefore, 10 grs. of the drug, and the dose of the ex- 
tract is estimated accordingly. 

By the nse of more aqueous menstruum, however, a 
much greater proportion of extract is obtained, viz. : 
with Alcohol of 60 per cent., 16 grains of extract from 
100 grains of Nux Vomica. The strength of this ex- 
tract is much less, as one gram represents only (100 
divided by 16) 6^ grains of the drug. If the drug is of 
uniform strength and the exhaustion with either men- 
strua complete, the quantity of extract obtained will 
be very irregular and correspondingly variable in 
strenofth. 



SOLID EXTRACTS. 



As a general rule, the more aqueous the menstrua, 
the greater the yield of extract ; conversely, the more 
alcoholic the menstrua the smaller the yield of extract. 

To ohtain extracts, therefore, of officinal strength 
it is necessary to use.officinal menstrua in the extrac- 
tion. 

The percentage of extracts obtained, is appended 
below, and will be found very much more nearly accu- 
rate than any similar published table; from these 
the quantity of drug represented by one grain of ex- 
tract (and the dose also) may be calculated by divid- 
ing the percentage in one hundred, as sho\yn above. 

Percentag-e Percentag-e 
of of extract 

g-lycerin from drug". 

Extractum aconiti 5 20 

arnicse radicis 5 

belladonse ale 5 22 

cannabis Indicse 5 10 

chinchonas 5 16 

colocynth . . 18 

conium 5 25 

digitalis 5 25 

ergotse 20 

euonymi . 5 20 

hyoscyami ale 17 

iris 20 

jugandis 5 15 

leptandrae 5 18 

mezerii 10 

nucis vomicae 5 10 

physostigmatis 5 2.5 

podophylli 10 

rhei /. 35 

stramonii (seed) 15 



i84 _ SOLID EXTRACTS. 



Percentage Percentag-e 

of of extract 

glycerin. from drug. 

Extractum aloes aqueous 50 

" colchici 35 

" gentianae 30 

•' glycyrrhiztB purum 40 

'^ haematoxylon 25 

'^ krameriaB 30 

malti... 65 

•' opium 5 55 

" quassise 5 5. 

" taraxaci 50 

Extractum Colocynthidis comp. is the only com- 
pound extract officinal. 

Parts. Parts 



extract colocynthid .... 16 

resin of scammony 14 

soap, powdered 14 



aloes 50 

cardamom 6 

alcohol to make 100 parts 



POWDERS. 



Definition. Substances reduced to fine powder for 
medicinal purposes. 



Pulvis Antimonialis. 



(.James Powder.) 




Antimony Oxide, 


33 parts 


Calcium Phosphate, 


67 ^' 


Aromatic Powder. 




Ginger, 


35 parts 


Cardamom, 


15 '' 


Nutmeg, 


15 '' 


Cinnamon, 


35 " 



POWDERS. 


185 


Cretae Compositus. 




(For Preparing Chalk Mixture.) 




Prepared Chalk. 


30 parts. 


Acacia, 


20 '' 


Sugar, 


50 '' 


Clycyrrhizae Compositus. 




(Brust Pulver— Ger.) 




Glycyrrhiz^B 


IC) parts. 


Fennel, 


8 '^ 


Sulphur, washed 


8 " 


Sugar, 


50 " 


Ipecac et opii. 




(Dovers Powders.) 




Ipecac, ■ 


10 parts. 


Opium, 


10 '' 


Milk Sugar, 


80 " 


Jalapae Compositus. 




Jalap, 


35 parts. 


Potassa Bi-tartrate, 


65 " 


Morphiae Compositus. 




(Tulley Powder.) 




Morphia Sulph. 


1 part. 


Camphor, 


20 parts. 


Crlycyrrhizae, 


20 '^ 


Calc. Carb. Prec. 


20 '' 


Rhei Compositus. 




Ehubarb, 


25 parts. 


Magnesia, 


65 " 


Ginger, 


10 '' 


Effervescens Compositus. 




(Seidlitz Powders.) 




Soda Bi-carb. 


40 parts. 


Potassa et Soda Tart. 


120 " 


Acid Tartaric, 


35 " 


Note. The student would do well to commit to 


memory the above eight powders. 





CHAPTER XI. 



SPIRITUS-SPIRITS. 

Definition.— Alcoholic solutions of volatile sub- 
stances. 

Three classes of Spirits are officinal. 

(1.) Natural Spirits asSpirits Frumenti, Spirits Vini 
dallici. 

Spirits Frumenti contains 50% Alcohol. 

'^ Yini Galhci, 45% 

(2.) Essences or solutions of Etherial Oils in xilco- 
hol, as Anise, Aurantii, Juniper, etc. 

(3.) Chemical Spirits as Nitrous Ether. 

There are five methods of preparation, viz : 

(1.) By Simple Solution. Example Spirit Myrciae. 

(2.) By Solution and Maceration. Ex, Spirit 
Menthae Piperitae. 

(3.) By Gaseous Solution. Ex. Spmt Ammonia. 

(4.) By Chemical Reaction. Ex. Spirit Aetheri 
Nitrosi. 

(5.) By Distihation. Ex^. Spirit Frumenti. 



SUPPOSITORIES. 

Definition. We understand by the term a sort of 
pill or bolus, intended to be introduced into the rec- 
tum, urethra or vagina to produce medicinal action. 

They are made by three methods, viz; rolling, 
moulding and pressing. 

Suppositories should be of the consistence of a pill 
mass or of a soft unspread plaster. They are gener- 
ally formed into a mass with soap. Cocoa-butter, or 
suet. In the case of the two latter excipients or with 
vaseline, some wax is always necessary. To the 
cocoa-butter or suet one-sixth or one-eigth of its 
weight of white wax or yellow wax is added, melted 
with as little heat as possible, the medicaments 
mixed in, and when nearly set the mixture is poured 
into paper capsules standing in damp sand. A more 
exact method is to weigh out the mass after cooling 
and shape each suppository with the fingers. 



RESINS, 

Definition. Resins are semi-solid exudations from 
plants, and are regarded as the products of the oxida- 
tion of the essential Oils. Many of them exude natu- 
rally from fissures or incisions in the bark or wood. 
They are all insoluble in water but dissolve readily in 
Alcohol, Ether and the Essential Oils, insoluble also in 
dilute acids. When pure and free from essential Oils 



RESINS. 



they have no odor except when rubbed or heated. In 
color they are pale brown or red. 
The following are officmal : 

Eesina Talapae, precipitated in Avater. 

Scammonii, ^' " " 

Podophylli, in acidulated water. 



Common Resin. 
Resin of Copaiba. 



OLEORESINS, 

Uef. Are semi-licpjid preparations extracted by 
Ether from vegetable substances. 
The U. S. P. recognizes six; namely: 
Oleoresina Aspidii. yields 10 to 15 % 
Capsici. '' 5 " 

Cubebae. " 18 to 25 " 
Lupulin. '' 50 '' 

Piperis. '' 5'' 

Zingerberis.'^ 6 to 8" 
Percolate the drug in a cylindrical percolator hav- 
ing a close cover to prevent evaporation; percolate 
with stronger Ether until exhausted, recover the 
the Ether by distillation, and allow the residue to 
evaporate. 



BALSAMS. 

Definition. Balsams are mixtures of resins and 
essential Oils. 

Crude Turpentine or Pitch is a sample of a true 
balsam, since by distillation it is separated into a vol- 
atile Oil, and Resin. The most important commer- 



BALSAMS. 189 



cial Balsams are Canada Balsam, The product of 
the silver Fir, Venice Turpentine, Copaiba Balsam, 
Balsam Peru, Balsam Tolu and Gum Benzoin. 
The officinal Balsams are : 

Balsam of Tolu. 

Balsam of Peru. 

For Unofficinal Balsam see page 828 



INCOMPATIBILITIES 

Substances are said to be incompatible when their 
combination gives rise to chemical changes, anew com- 
pound being formed which is either inert or i3ossessed 
ofdistinct properties. Chemical incompatibility , how- 
ever, does not always signify therapeutical inertness. 
Substances which are chemically incom]3atible are 
something intentionally combined, in order to obtain 
a new compound. As for instance in the officinal 
mistura Ferri Composita, a decomposition occurs be- 
tween the Sulphate of Iron and Carbonate of Potash. 

The subject of Incompatibility is too much of a 
stumbling block to the student, to expect him to 
commit it to his already overburdened memory. 

They may be classed four fold viz : 

Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Physiological and 
Therapeutical. 

The following are some of the most striking exam- 
ples of Pharmaceutical Incompatibles, and they 
should be carefully remembered by the prescriber. 

Laws of Chemical Incompatibility. 

1. Two salts in solution may form, by the inter- 
change of their acids and bases, two insoluble salts 
which are precipitated. 



I90 INCOMPATIBILITIES. 



2. When two salts in solution form, by the inter- 
change of their acids and basis, a soluble and an in- 
soluble salt, the latter will generally be precipitated, 
or may form witn the soluble salt a double salt. 

Have before you two clear solutions, one of chlo- 
ride of barium, the other of Sulphate of Soda. As 
you mix them you will observe the formation of a 
copious precipitate; this is insoluble Sulphate of 
Barium. If you now filter off the clear fluid, you will 
find it to be a solution of Chloride of Sodium. 

3. When two salts in solution do not give rise to an 
insoluble salt no precipitate will result, though there 
may be decomposition. 

4. An acid will decompose a salt — 

(a) If the acid added be more fixed or more soluble 
than that of the salt. 

{h) If the acid added can form an insoluble or a 
less soluble compound with the base of the salt. 

(c) If the acid added possess a greater aflinity for 
the base of the salt. 

(d) If the acid of the salt be gaseous. 

Have in one vessel Dilute Sulphuric Acid, and in 
another vessel some Liquor Ammoniie acetatis. You 
will observe that, as you mix them, Acetic Acid is 
given off, and the fluid on examination will prove to 
contain Sulphate of Ammonia. 

5. Oxides of the Alkalies decompose salts of the 
metals proper and of the Alkaloids, and precipitate 
their bases, or the base may be soluble in excess of 
the Alkali. 

Take a solution of Sulphate of Zinc; as you add 
to it Liquor Potassae, you see the formation of a 
precipitate of Oxide of Zinc ; as you add more of the 
Liquor Potassae, the precipitate becomes dissolved. 



INCOMPATIBILITIES. 191 



C. Metallic Oxides combine with the acids to form 
salts. 

7. Vegetable substances containing Tannic or 
Gallic acids precipitate Albumen, vegetable Alkaloids, 
and most of metallic Oxides, and form with salts of 
iron inky solutions. Substances containing Tannic 
acid also precipitate Gelatine. 

8. Glucosides aie incompatible with free acids or 
emulsions. 

As a general rule the following substances should 
be prescribed alone, and are best given in simple 
solution : — 

Acid, hydrocyanic, dil. Liq. patassse arseniatis. 

Acid, nitro-hydroc. dil. Liq. ferri pernit. 

Antim tart. Tinct. ferri perchlor. 

Liq. calcis Tinct. iodi. 

Liq. potassae Potassii bromid. 

Incompatibility may be sometimes both chemical 
and pharmaceutical. 

Illustrations of this are frequently found in mixtures 
containing quinine, associated wdth some chemical 
compound, or acid, and a vehicle; which is decom- 
posed by the latter, as in f ollowTng : 

Quinnise Sulphatis ^i 

Ammonii Chloridi ^iss 

Elix Glycyrrhiz^ arom. 5vi 
M. et S. 

Here a reaction takes place between the two salts, 
with the effect of throwing the active principle of the 
glycyrrhiza, giycyrrhizin, out of the solution. The 
same change occurs when diluted Sulphuric Acid is 
used, and a clear mixture can only be obtained by 
leaving out the Licorice. Quinine can be eligibly ex- 
hibited in liquid only in two forms, either suspended 
in a viscid liquid, such as syrup of Glycyrrhiza, or 



192 INCO^rPATIBILITIES. 



in solution, by the aid of acids ; a compromise between 
these, when in large doses at least, is rarely desirable. 
In the following list the substances which cannot 
be classed as incompatible under any of the above 
divisions, are given for reference : 

Substance. Incompatible with. 

\ Alcohol, alcoliolic and etlierial tinctures;* 
^^^^^^- "( Borax; Iron, Cliloride; Lead Salts. 

. . ^ . 1 \ AlKalies, Alkaline solutions; Metall. 

Acids, m general : -^ Oxides . 

Acid Arsenious: \ Iron, Oxid.; JVIagnesia; Lime water. 

^ ,. ,. Iron compounds; Potassium iodide;* Lime 

Salicylic (water. ^ • 

( Alkalies, Carbonates and bi-carbonates; 

Tannic: -> Lime water; Chlorine water; Albumen; Gel- 

( atin. 

Bismuth j Calomel; Sulphur; Tannin. 

Subnitrate ( 

Chloral ) Alkalies, Carbonates;* Ammonium and 

Hydrate I Mercury Compounds, 

\ Ammonia;^ Alkalies, Carbonates; Chloral; 
Iodine: ) Metallic salts; Starch.* 

f Acacia; Acid Hydrochlor. ; Acid Sulphuric 
Lead j and Sulphates; Ammon. chloride; Carbon- 
Acetate: ( ates; Lime water; Iodine, Potass. Iodide; 

[Tannin. 
Mercury \ Potassium Iodide;* Salts; Carbonates; 

Bichloride 1 Tannin. 

TM^ r^-ui -^ { Acids; acid salts; Alkalies, carbonates; 

Mild Chiorioe -^ Ammon. chloride; Iodine, potass, iodide; 

caiomei | j^.^^ chloride, iodide; Sulphur. 

Potassium j Acids, mineral; Calomel; Organic sub- 
Chlorate: ( stances; Sulphur. 

( Acids, acid salts; Alkaloids; Iron, Lead and 

Iodide: - Mercury Salts; Potassium Cnlorate; Silver 

f Nitrate; Chlorine water. 
^ , i Ammonia, salts; Alcohol; Glycerin; Ether. 

Permanganate -^ q.^^. Organic substances. 

Sodium \ Acids, acid salts; Acid Tannic; Alkaloids; 

Bi-carbonate: "/ Metal. Salts. 

^ . ^ ( Acids, Mineral; Chlorine Water; Mercury 

Bromide: (compounds. 

r Acids, acetic, hydrochloric, hydrocyanic, 
Silver 1 sulphuric, tartaric, and their salts; Alka- 

Xitrate: | lies. Carbonates; Iodine; Potass, iodide, 

[bromide; Sulphur. 

Those marked with an * are sometimes directed to be compounded. 



INCOMPATIBILITIES. 193 



Potass, iodicl 5ss. 

Tinct. cainpli. co., 

Syr. scill^, aa-^vi. 

Sp. setlier. nit -^ij. 

Aqucis ad c\i. 

Although the sp. sether. nit. wasneutrahzed, Iodine 
was hberated bp the Benzoic xVcid of the tincture and 
the x\cetic Acid of the syrup. Such could not be dis- 
pensed, and the physician w.vote a new combination 
altogether, as also was the case with the following: 

Potassffi chlorat 5ij. 

Syr . ferri iodidi 5vi. 

Yin. antim oSs. 

^ther. chlor oij. 

Aqnas ad 5 viij . 

This mixture is almost colorless when first prepared 
but rapidly acquires a reddish-brown color, and after 
a few days crystals of Iodine are deposited. This is 
due to the action of Chlorate of Potash on Ferrous 
Oxide; Ferrous lodate being formed which splits up 
into basic lodate and free Iodine. The chemist will 
have to use his discretion as to whether the decompo- 
sition is of sufficient importance to refuse dispensing; 
the two last mentioned are such instances. 

Incompatible mixtures are sometimes the result of 
impurities in the drugs used, thus : 

Sodae hyposulph oi. 

Acid sulphurous oi. 

Aq. rosae ad 5 viij. 

The acid invariably contains some Sulphuric x-Vcid, 
which throws out sulphur from the hyposulphite. 

Quinise hydrobromat ; gr. xij* 

Potassii brom .si. 

Aqu?e ad siij. 

Bromide of Potassium frequently contains a trace 



:94 INCOMPATIBILITIES. 



of carbonate, which occasions a precipitate of pure 
Quinine. The Hydrobromate of Quinine should be 
dissolved in the greater part of the water (warmed if 
necessary), and a neutralized solution of the Bromide 
of Potassium added to it. 

Potassae cit ^ iij. 

Potassse bicarb 3 ij. 

Tinct. aurant ^ iv. 

Aquae ad 5 viij. 

Also 

Potassae cit 5 ij. 

Quiniae sulph gr. ix. 

Aquae ad 5 vi. 

Citrate of Potash is rarely neutral ; the sample used 
for the first prescription effervesced briskly with the 
bi-carbonate, and examination proved the presence of 
nearly 5 per cent, of Citric Acid. 

Another parcel was used for the second prescription, 
and a precipitate of Quinine was produced; examina- 
tion showed it to be alkaline. In each case the citrate 
should have been neutralized either with Potassae 
Carb. or Citric Acid. 

The appearance of a sample of Citrate of Potash 
always indicates whether it is very acid or alkaline. 
If alkaline it assumes a damp appearance and ng^ev- 
gates in lumps; but if acid, it seems dry and pulver- 
ulent. 

Alkaloids, whether alone or as salts, are nearly all 
precipitated from their solutions by Tannic Acid. 
They are, therefore, incompatible with this acid, and 
also with the various astringent vegetables contain- 
ing it. 

Almond Emulsion is separated by Alcohol, Tinct- 
ures, Oxymel and Syrups of Squills, Spirits of Nitre, 
hard water. Cream of Tartar. 

Calomel is decomposed by alkalies, and alkaline 
earths. 



EXPLOSIVE AND INFLAMMABLE 
COMPOUNDS. 

It will be noted that whenever the substances rich 
in oxygen or easily deoxidised are ordered to be mixed 
with other ingredients, the dispenser must always 
carefully consider the order of mixing. Such substances 
should never be rubbed with easily oxidisable sub- 
stances. 

Some of the substances which easily part with their 
oxygen are Picric Acid, and Chlorate, lodate, Bichro- 
mate and Permanganate of Potash, and also Nitrate and 
Picrate of Potash, Nitrate and Oxide of Silver, Chlo- 
rate of Calcium, etc. Such substances are first rubbed 
to a powder in a mortar. They are then mixed with 
the safe ingredients and lightly stirred with a wooden 
stick with the easily oxidisable substances. 

The following are a few of the explosive compounds : 

Chlorate and Penmanganate of Potash. 

Parts. 
Potash Chlorate, 2-0. 

Lactis Sulphuris, 3-0. 

Antim Sulph. Aur, 0-5. 

Zinci Yalerianatis, 0-5. 

Sacchari, 5-0. 

M. Ft. Pulv. Divide in parts, 20 asquales. 
The Chlorate of Potash should first be rubbed to a 
fine powder, the other ingredients seperately mixed, 
and the Chlorate combined very carefully, mixing by 
stirring with a quill. If you use a pestle, look out. 



ig6 EXPLOSIVE 


COMPOUNDS. 




Another : — 




Parts. 


Potass Permangan, 




100. 


Calcii Carbon, 




100. 


Amyii, 




100. 


Make a powder. 






Mix this very carefully, 


similar to the 


previous one. 


Another : — 




Parts. 


Potass Clilor., 




10. 


" Salicyl., 




5. 


Cort. CliiiiiEe, 




30. 


Garb. Ligni, 




50. 



For sprinkling on a wound. 

This is a very dangerous mixture. The last three 
ingredients should be mixed together in a mortar, then 
add the Chlorate of Potass, previously pulverized, 
mix together on a sheet of writing paper with a 
quill. 

Note : It should not be forgotten that the presence 
of even a minute quantity of free acid in many of these 
explosive compounds, such as in Chlorate of Potash 
and sugar mixture, will produce serious results. The 
absolute purity of the chemicals should be attended to. 
Chlorate of Potash and Hypophosphite of Lime, 
rubbed together, explode and might cause injury to 
the dispenser. 

Hypophosphites of Soda or Lime must not be com- 
pounded with the Chlorate or Permanganate of Potass 
or Chloride of Lime. 

Whenever Chlorate of Potash or Chlorate of Soda 
is ordered in combination it should be considered with 
care. Inexperienced physicians sometimes order it in 
gargles, in combination with Glycerine, Spirits, Car- 
bolic or Sahcylic Acid. Such mixtures hvq liable to 
explode by the slight warmth if carried i:i a pocket. 



EXPTO.-IVE (;OMPOUXDS. 197 



With Sulphur, Charcoal, Iodine, metallic powders, 
orgauic substances, starch, sugar, etc., and all 
oxidisable bodies, explosions are possible. 

Axothee: — Parts. 

Calcii Hypophos, 2.5 

• Potass Chlo., . 4.0 

Ferri Lactat, 0.3 

The result of compounding this was an explosion 
which injured the druggist very badly. 

Concentrated solutions of Permanganate of Potassa 
in Alcohol is liable to explode ; Bichromate of Potash 
in Alcohol may. ignite the latter ; Aqua Eegia w^illalso 
often cause an explosion with Alcohol or Essences. 

The following can not be prepared without an ex- 
plosion : 

Lactis Sulph., • 3 grains. 

Antimon Sulph. Aurant, 3 " 

Zinci Yaleri, 1 grain. 

Potass Chlorate, 2 grains. 

M. Ft. Pulv. Dentur doses, tales No. X. 

Expiosive Ingredients in a Pill Mass. 

This important subject is a constant source of 
anxiety to the dispenser. To treat it fully would far 
exceed the limit of these remarks. The result of many 
and most unsafe experiments which we would advise 
no young dispenser to reproduce, lead to one satis- 
factory method of proceeding in a majority of cases. 
When it is a question of an explosive salt, or one that 
under circumstances may become explosive, dilute it 
first and separately with twice its weight of neutral 
exci])ient, made into a protected mass with the remain- 
in^' possible explosive ingredients. 



198 EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS, 



The following should never he prescribed, though it 
very often is : 



Argentii Oxide, 
Creasote, 
M. Ft. pillvj. 


6 grains. 
6 " 


Made thus : 




Argentii Oxide, 
Pulv. Glycyrrh, 
M. 


6 grains. 
12 '' 


Creasote, 

Saponis, 
M. Ft. Massa. 
Add the two together with mucilage. 


6 grains. 
6 " 



Nitrogen Compounds. — Chloride or Iodide of Nitro- 
gen is formed by the addition of Chlorine or Ciiloride 
or Iodide, or an Iodide to Ammonia, and this com- 
pound is liable to violent explosion in coming in 
contact with Phosphorus, Iodine, Arsenic, Olive or 
Cod Liver Oil, Turpentine, etc. 

The following has caused an explosion : 

Parts. 
Iodine, 15. 

Lin. Camph. Co., 60. 

Lin. Saponis Co., 60. 

Mix. 
Iodine. — In fluids containing Ammonia is liable to 
produce Iodide of Nitrogen, a violently explosive 
compound. 

Iodine in Ammoniacal Liniments or Ointments, 
with white precipiate should never be dispensed. 

Bromine. — Must be regarded as Iodine. 



EXPLOSIVE CO^^IPOUNDS. 199 



Spieits of Niter. — With Tinctures sometimes de- 
velopes gas, and is liable to blow out the cork or 
break the bottle. 

Hypophosphite of Lime. — The trituration alone has 
sometimes resulted in an explosion. 

SuBNiTRATE OF BisMUTH. — With a mixture of Bicar- 
bonate of Soda will burst the bottle unless added 
together very slowly. 

Explosive Mixtures. 

1. Chlorate of potash, powdered galls, tannic acid. 
M . Ft. pulvis. — To be used for a gargle . The pow- 
der should be mixed separately with water and not 
rubbed altogether. 

2. Chlorate of potash and pulv. catechu. — This 
combination is intended as a dentifrice, It, however, 
should not be dispensed alone . If other combina- 
tions are made the danger is averted . 

8 . Chlorate of potash hypophosphite of soda and 
water . If the salts are rubbed together they will ex- 
plode, but if dissolved separately in the water and 
mixed, no harm results. 

4. Chlorate of potash, tannic acid, glycerin and 
water. 

If the tannin, chlorate of potash and glycerin are 
rubbed togeter an explosion ensues, but if the acid is 
first dissolved in the glycerin and the chlorate of pot- 
ash in the water and mixed, no harm follows . 

5. Cliolrate of potash, Tr. ferri clilor. and glycer- 
ine half an ounce each. 

This combination is often used, but when put 
together in the above proportions, is very likely to 
explode, especially if warmed. 



EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS. 



6. Soda chlor. 2 dr. : antimon. siilph. aiirat. 20 gr. 

This combination, if even gently triturated, is liable 
to inflame with a cracking noise. 

• 7. Lac. sulphiiris 3 grains, antimon. sulph. aurat. } 
gr. zinci valer 2 gr., potass chlor. 2 gr . M. Ft. Pulvis, 
Make 10 alike. 

Potash permanganate when associated with any 
eadily oxidizable substance such as glycerine, ex- 
plodes. 

8. Chromic acid 10 grains., glycerine Idr. 

This mixture is liable to explode unless the glycer- 
ine is added to the acid drop by drop. 

Iodine and ammonia form a very powerful explosive 
agent when combined, unless some water is intro- 
duced into the mixture, which seems to retard the de- 
velopment of nitrogen iodide, upon which the explo- 
sive properties depend . 

9 . Iodine 5ss ., linim, camph . co ., linim . saponis 
aasii . M . F . Linim . 

This combination exploded once in the hands of a 
pharmacist from the iodine and the ammonia in the 
liniment camph . co . coming in contact . 

10. Acidi nitrici, acidi muriatici; Tr. nucis vom. 
aa 5ij M . 

This prescription was once ordered by a physician, 
and exploded after several hours. 

11. Acid, nitro-mur., sj. Tr. cardamom! ,?ss M. 
Also this combination was the result once of a seri- 
ous injury. 



CERATES, 

Definition — (Memorize) Cerates are so called from 
a Latin term Cera, signifying wax. They are unctu- 
ous substances or mixtures of fat and nearly allied to 
the ointments. Cerates contain wax and are there- 
fore of a much firmer consistence. 

There are seven Cerates in the IT. S. P. divided into 
two classes. 

Five of the seven are prepared by fusion and the re- 
maining two by fusion and maceration. 

By fusion. — Camphoria Cerate, Olive Oil 12 parts., 
Camphor Linim 3 parts., Simple Cerate 85 parts. 

Cetacei Ceeate. SperDiaceti 10 parts., Olive Oil 55 
parts., White Wax 34 parts. 

Plumbi Subacetates. Sol Lead Subacetate 20 parts. 
Camphor Cerate 80 parts. 

Resixa. Resin 35 parts., Wax 15 parts., Lard50parts., 

Sabixa. Fluid Ext. Sabinae 25 parts., Eesin Cerate 
90 parts. 

By maceration in connection with fusion. 

Ceratum caxthaeides. — Cantharides, 35 parts, Wax, 
20 parts., Resin, 20 parts.. Lard, 25 parts. 

Extract Cantharides. — Cantharides, 30 parts., x\lco- 
hol, q. s.. Resin, 15 parts.. Wax, 35 parts., Lard, 35. 

In the Cantharides Cerate the Cantharides in fine 
powder is digested for half an hour in the melted fats 
so that the vesicating principle may be dissolved, and 
the Cerate therefore more active. It must, however, 
not be strained but carefully stirred until cool. 



OINTMENTS. 



Def. soft, unctuous substances applied to the skin 
by inunction. 

Alum and Calomel Ointment. 

Calomel, 2 drachms. 



ounce. 



Powdered Alum, 
Sugar of Lead, 
Oil of Turpentine, 
Simple Ointment, 
Mix. This is a valuable remedy in tinea capitis. 
The simple ointment is made as follows : 



2 drachms. 
H ounces. 



Simple Ointment. 

White Wax, 
Prepared Lard, 
Mix. 

Camphor Ointment. 

Powdered Camphor, 
Glycerine, 
Simple Ointment, 
Mix. Useful in erythema, and in 
equinous affections of the skin. 

Basilicon Ointment. 

(Resin Cerate.) 



1 pound. 

2 pounds. 



15 grains, 
q. s. 
1 ounce, 
vesicular 



and 



Resin, 

Yellow Wax, 

Lard, 
Melt them together over a slow 
mixture through muslin, and stir 
cold. This is one of the best known and most reliable 
dressings for healing old burns, scalds and all kinds of 
sores. 



10 ounces. 
4 " 

16 " 
fire; strain the 
constantly until 



OINTMENTS. 203 



Cantharides Cerate. 

(Blister Ointment.) 

Cantharides, in fine powder, 12 ounces. 

Yellow Wax, 7 '' 

Eesin, 7 " 

Lard, 10 '' 

To tlie wax, resin and lard, previously melted to- 
gether and strained through muslin, add the canthar- 
ides, and by means of a water-bath keep the mixture 
in a liquid state for half an hour, then remove from 
the fire and stir constantly until cool. This forms the 
usual blistering plaster. 

Ointment of Rose Water. 

(Cold Cream.) 

Oil of Sweet Almonds, 3J ounces. 

Spermaceti, 1 ounce. 

White Wax, 2 drachms. 

Rose Water, 2 fl. ounces. 

Melt together by means of a water-bath, the oil, 
spermaceti and wax; then gradually add the rose- 
water, and stir constantly while cooling. A smsll 
portion of glycerine may be added, if desired, before 
cooling. When properly made, cold cream is one of 
the most elegant and grateful preparations in use for 
chapped hands and lips, frost-bit, raw surfaces, etc. 

stramonium Ointment. 

Fresh Lard, 2 pounds. 

Stramonium Leaves, bruised, sufficient. 
Place the lard in a kettle, over a slow fire, and put 
in all the stramonium leaves it willhold ; let it simmer 
for an hour, remove from the fire, and strain while 
hot ; expressing the leaves dry. This forms a simple 
and good ointment to relieve pain; and is much used 
as an addition to pile ointments. 



204 



OINT^IE.VTS. 



Eye Ointment. 

Pulverized Opium, 8 grains. 

Camphor, 8 " 

Calomel, 30 '' 

Oil of Sweet Almonds, 1 drachm. 

Cocoa Butter, 1 " 
Mix. Eub a small portion on the eye-lid before 
going to bed. 

Connpound Butter Ointment. 

Burgundy Pitch, 4 ounces. 

Red Oxide Mercury, 1 ounce. 

Eed Oxide Lead, 1 " 

Venice Turpentine, 1 " 

Fresh Butter, 16 ounces. 

Melt the butter and pitch over a slow fire ; add the 
turpentine; and, lastly, the two oxides, finely pow- 
dered, stirring constantly until the ointment is cold. 



Deshler's Salve. 






/ 


8 


ounces. 




5* 


a 



Flaxseed Oil, 
Turpentine, 
Yellow Wax, 12 

Resin, 12 

Suet, 12 

Melt all together and strain the mixture well, stir- 
ring until cold. 

Magnetic Ointnnent. 

Prepared Lard, 8 ounces. 

Raisins, 3 " 

Fine-cut Tobacco, 3 " 

Simmer well together, then remove from the fire 

and strain. This is a fine remedy for salt rheum, 

tetter, etc. 



OINTMENTS. 



Becker's Eye Salve. 

Calamine, 

Tutty, ^ 

Red Oxide of Mercury, 

Powdered Camphor, 

Oil of Sweet Almonds, 

White Wax, 

Fresh Butter, 
Reduce the minerals to a fine powder and incorpor- 
ate w^ith the Oils in w^hich the Camphor has heen dis- 
solved, wdtli the butter and wax, previously melted. 
Unsalted butter should be used. 



Ij drachms. 

U " 
6 

1 drachm. 

2 drachms. 
1 ounce. 

8 ounces. 



Green Mountain Salve. 

Pow^dered Verdigris, 1 ounce . 

Oil of Wormwood, i " 

Venice Turpentine, Ij ounces. 

Oil of Red Cedar, v 1 ounce. 

Oil of Origanum, 1 " 

Oil of Hemlock, 1 " 

Balsam Fir, 1 " 

Mutton Tallow, 4 ounces. 

Beesw^ax, 4 " 

Burgundy Pitch, 4 " 

Resin, 5 pounds. 

pitch, beeswax, mutton tallow* and 
now add the Oils with the verdigris, 

the other ingredients, and mix 



Melt the resin, 

balsam together ; 

together w^ith 

thoroughly. 

Judkin's Ointment. 

Linseed Oil, 1 

Red Lead, 4 

Spts. Turpentine, • 

Sugar of Lead, 1 
The Oil is first boiled in an earthen pot, after which 

the lead is gradually added, finally the other 

inofredients. 



pound, 
ounces, 
drachm, 
drachm. 



2o6 OINTMENTS. 



Mild Oxide of Zinc Ointment. 

Olive Oil, 2 pounds. 

Spermaceti, 12 ounces. 

White Wax, 9 '' 

White Oxide of Zinc, 4 

Acid, Benzoic, 2 drachms. 

Sulphate of Morphia, 2 " 

Otto of Kosps, 20 drops. 

The first three articles are to be melted by a gentle 
heat, and while warm, sprinkle in the Zinc and Mor- 
phia, and when nearly cold add the Benzoic Acid and 
Otto of Eose. 

Petit's Eye Salve. 

White Wax, 4 ounces. 

Spermaceti, 12 " 

Olive Oil, 2 pounds. 

White Precipitate, 3 ounces. 

Oxide of Zinc, 4 

Benzoic Acid, 2 drachms. 

Sulphate of Morphia, 48 grains. 

Oil of Eosemary, 20 drops. 

Melt the Sperm, Wax, and Olive Oil together. 
Eub the Precipitate, Zinc , Benzoic Acid and Mor- 
phia in a portion of the warm mixture, add together, 
and lastly add the Eosemary; stir until cool. 

Oxide of Zinc Ointment. 

Prepard Lard, 5 Troy ounces. 

Olive Oil, 5 Troy ounces. 

White Wax, 2i Troy ounces. 

Spermaceti, 2i- Troy ounces. 

Oxide of Zinc, 22- Troy ounces. 

Powdered Gum Benzoin, i Troy ounce. 

Melt the Lard, Olive Oil, white Wax and Sperm by 
a gentle heat; sprinkle in the Zinc, and when nearly 
cool add the Gum and mix all thoroughly. An ex- 
cellent ointment for sores that are indisposed to heal. 



OINTMENTS. 207 



Cazeaux Nipple Ointment. 

White Wax, 4 ounces. 

Oil of Sweet x\lmonds, 1 ounce. 

Honey, (clear) ' j ounce. 

Balsam Peru, 2j drachms. 

Melt the Wax and Honey by a gentle heat, then 
add the Oil of Almonds, and when nearly cold, add 
the Balsam of Peru, 

Croup Ointment. 

Lobelia Seed, powdered, 1 ounce. 

Alaccoboy Snuff, 1 ounce. 

Prepared Lard sufficient to make an ointment. 
Spread upon linen and apply over the throat and 
chest, as long as the case requires a relaxant. 

Kittridge's Ointment. 

Quicksilver, 1 ounce. 

Nitric Acid, 1 ounce. 

Prepard Lard, i pound. 

Let the silver and the acid stand together until the 
silver is set, then add to the lard previously melted 
and mix thoroughly. This is a fine remedy for pimpled 
face, prairie itch, itch, etc. 

Radin's Camphor Ointment. 

Purified Lard, j ounce. 

" Suet, i " 

White Wax, i " 

Oil of Bay-berries, 2 '' 

Gum Camphor, 2 drachms. 

Melt together, except the Camphor, which must be 
added to the mixture when nearlv cold. 



2o8 OINTMENTS. 




Pimple Ointment. 




Cold Cream, 


1 ounce. 


Nitrate of Bismuth, 


40 grains. 


White Precipitate, 


40 " 


Oil of Bergamot, 


20 drops. 


Mix. This is a fine preparation to 


reduce pimples 


etc., from the face. 




Favorite Ointment. 




Ked Oxide Mercury, * ^ 


i ounce. 


Sugar of Lead, 


i " 



Burnt Alum, 1 

White Yitriol, 2 drachms. 

Mutton Tallow, j pound. 

Melt the Tallow and add the other ingredients 
while warm; mix thoroughly and stir until cold. 



Green Ointment. 




Clear Honey, 


^ pound. 


Beeswax, 


i " 


Turpentine, 


1 ounce. 


Oil of W^intergreen, . 


2 ounces. 


Tincture of Opium, 


2 


Powdered Yerdigris, 


2 drachms. 


Eefined Lard, 


Ij pounds. 



Melt the lard and heeswax together hy a gentle 
heat, then add other ingredients and mix thoroughly. 

Chilblain Ointment, 

Powdered Nutgalls, 1 drachm. 

Glycerine, • 2 drachms. 

Simple Ointment, 7 " 

Mix and make a uniform mass. A good dressing 
for broken chilblains. 



OINTMENTS. 


205 


Mead's Ointment. 




Aqua Fort is. 

Quicksilver, 

Castile Soap, dissolved. 

Prepared Chalk, 

Prepared Lard, 


1 ounce. 
1 '^ 
1 " 
1 " 
1 pound. 



Mix the Aqua Fortis and Quicksilver in an earthen- 
ware vessel, and when done effervescing mix with the 
other ingredients. This is an excellent remedy for 
salt rheum. 



Pile Ointment-No. 1. 




Powdered Galls, 


40 grains 


Powdered Opium, 


20 


Simple Ointment, 


^ ounce 


Stramonium Ointment, 


i " 



Mix. Apply two or three times daily. 



Pile Ointment— No. 2. 

Carbonate of Lead, j ounce. 

Sulphate of Morphia, 15 grains. 

Stramonium Ointment, U. S. D. 1 ounce. 

Olive Oil, 20 drops. 
Mix, and apply three times a day, as occasion and 
pain may require. 

Sisson's Ointment. 

Best Brandy, 8 ounces. 

Turpentine, 1 gill. 

Gum Camphor, 1 ounce. 

Beef's Gall, 8 ounces. 

Neat's Foot Oil, 1 pint. 
Dissolve the Camphor in the brandy, add the other 
ingredients, and mix well. 



MIXTURES, 



The term Mixture in pharmacy is understood to 
mean a preparation either soluble or insoluble sus- 
pended in an aqueous liquid. An emulsion is a 
mixture. 

There are eleven officinal. See U. S. P. 
Memokize. — Misturae Glycyrrhizae Composita. 

(Mixture of Glycyrrhizae Compound.) 

Pure Extract Glycyrrhizae, 

Sugar, 

Acacia, 

Camphorated Tincture of Opium, 

Wine of Antimony, 

Spirits Nitrous Ether, 

Water, 
Memorize. — Misturae Cretae — (Chalk Mixture.) 

Compound Chalk Powder, 20 parts. 

Cinnamon Water, 40 *' 

Water, 40 " 



3 


parts. 


3 




3 




12 




6 




3 




70 





ABSTRACTS. 



Definition. Abstracts are powdered preparations 
made from the extracts by the addition of sufficient 
milk sugar. They are double the strength of the 
drug or fluid extract — one grain represents two grains 
of the drug. 

Formula. 

In preparing an abstract the drug is exhausted 
with proper menstruum, and the extract obtained. 



ABSTRACTS. 



This while yet warm is incorporated with its weight 
of milk sugar. When sufficiently dry the mixture is 
powdered, and enough milk sugar added to bring the 
product to one half the weight of the drug employed. 

The U. S. P. recognizes eleven: 

Aconite, Belladonna, Conii, Digitalis, Hyoscyami, 
Ignateae, Jalapae, Nucis Vomicae, Podophylli 
Senegae, Valerianae. 



SYRUPS. 

Def. A concentrated solution of sugar or water or 
aqueous liquids. 

The preparation of syrups may be considered as a 
matter of supreme simplicity, and in fact so far as 
Pharmacopoeiasyrups are concerned this is no doubt 
correct. Very little of either art or science being re- 
quired in most cases to furnish presentable articles. 
There are, however, many preparations now in exten- 
sive demand of the syrupy kind, which require care 
and consideration as well as skill in their manufacture. 

Syrups made hy boiling. In all cases when sugar is 
to be dissolved by heat it is preferable to put the sugar 
into the water, cold, and bring slowly to boiling 
point. Continue ebulition for only two or three minutes. 
If the sugar be put into the boiling water a large por- 
tion of the water will be evaporated before much of it 
is dissolved, otherwise the sugar will be found to have 
dissolved before the boiling point is reached. A few 
minutes ebulition will clear the whole, and the scum 
may be removed by means of a skimmer. Syrups are 
strained through muslin or felt bags. 



SYRUPS. 



Note. The clearness of syrup is not a matter of 
straining but of boiling, from three to live minutes 
ebulition generally suffices to give the disired brillian- 
cy. These remarks apply to Simple Syrups. After 
cooling, the specific gravity of a syrup should be de- 
termined v^ith a hydrometer. 

16 oz sugar to 12 oz. water yeild 2'2h fl. oz. sp. gv. 1.273 gallon. 



16 " 




•' 10 " 


" 20i " " 


1.208 


16 '' 




U g c. 


" 18^ " '^ 


1.330 


U '• 




" 8 " 


" 17i " - 


1.3U 


12 ■' 




" 8 " 


" 16 " - 


1.290 


10 '■ 




''■ 8 " 


" m " " 


1264 


8 " 




"' 8 " 


" m " '' 


1.281 



The U. S. P. recognizes 3 kinds of syrups: 

1. Syrui) or Simple Syrup — Sugar and Water. 

2. Medicated Syrups, 

3. Flavored Syrups. 

There are four methods for preparing syrups. 

1. Solution with heat. (Described above.) 

2. Agitation without heat. 

3. Simple addition . 

4. Digestion or Maceration. 
Thirty-four syrups in all. 

5 by Solution with heat. 

7 '' Addition. 

18 " Agitation without heat. 

4 " Maceration or Digestion. 

For further information see Parrish or Kemington. 
A large number of preparations of unofficinal syrups 
enjoy considerable popularity both with patients and 
prescribers, and we herewith append a choice selec- 
tion. 



THE PERFUMER'S ART. 

It lias always appeared strauge to the writer that 
our druggists seldom or never put up their own po- 
mades. 

This can be done with much ease. Take an ordi- 
nary glue pot made thoroughly clean and place a pound 
of good lard in it, and when the heliotrope flowers are 
in season throw them into the clarified fat. Place the 
glue pot in some place where the heat will just liquify 
the lard. Let the flowers remain in the liquid for 
twenty-four hours, strain the fat from the spent flowers 
and go on repeating the operation for a w^eek. The 
result will be an excellent pomade a la heliotrope. 

This pomade can be made into an extract by steep- 
ing the odorous fat in highly rectified spirits. In this 
manner a druggist may make cheap and elegant per- 
fumes. 

Let us take extract of Heliotrope for instance as it 
is usually sold. There is not one particle of the flower 
in it. Vanilla, French Rose, Orange flower, ^Vmber- 
gris, and the essential oil of Almonds mixed together 
in certain proportion make the imitation knowm by 
the name of extract of Heliotrope. This, in its way, 
is a fraud and as bad as those committed in certain 
parts of France where they manufacture wine from 
half a dozen different sources, not one drop of the 
pure wine the mixture is intended to represent appear- 
ing in it. Imitation of Honeysuckle is made up in 
the same way. Indeed some of the odors are made 
from the most repulsive smelling substances. For in- 



214 PERFUMERY. 



stance, there is the artificial Otto of Almonds which 
is made from benzole, or oil of Tar. Extracts of M}^- 
tle, Narcissus, Lily of the Yalley, and several others 
are all innocent of containing the odor of the perfume 
they are made to represent. Orange flower extract, 
is, on the other hand, madefrom the blossom of that 
flow^er in the same way as the heliotrope extract. 

Otto of roses is made by distilling the roses with 
water. Yery large numbers of roses are used to make 
the otto, — as many as two thousand blossoms to make 
one drachm. Most of the otto used in this country is 
imported from Turkey. 

What Perfumes are made of. 

Perfumes are made from tar resin roots, but good 
perfumes are made only from carefully picked and 
carefully preserved flowers. France is the great mar- 
ket of rare and costly odors. The Jasmine is exten- 
sively cultivated and forms the basis of a number of 
perfumes. Almost any variety will do but the Jasmi- 
num Grandiflora is preferred. The weather has very 
much to do with the success of the manufacture ; the 
hotter the season, the stronger the perfume of the 
Jasmine and consequently that of the extract pro- 
duced. 

The little purple lavender is another stand by for 
the manufacturer, and from it is obtained not only 
scent but several distinct oils that are invaluable to the 
trade. English and American women especially have 
a preference for this odor which they frequently distil 
themselves. The villagers among the hills of Wel- 
lington formerly raised the entire crop used in com- 
merce, but of late years the supply has grown smaller, 
and the price of lavender waters and perfumes has 
become so high that the old ladies have been obliged 



PERFUMERY. 



to transfer their affections to some other odor. Eng- 
lish grades have always been the standard but the im- 
itation from Spain and Italy is often masqueraded as 
the genuine, and cosmetic dealers and manufacturers 
of cologne and extracts are readily deceived. Barbers 
have a weakness for lavender, which at best is a mis- 
erable mixture. 

Ottar of Roses. 

There is probably more deception in attar of roses 
than in any other two varieties put together. As is 
well known, the very best samples come from Turkey 
done up in grotesque little bottles. It is said that 
fully 90/0 of the Smyrna and Bulgarian attar is made 
and bottled in Conneticut. Along the river Ganges 
in India, great quantities are made annually, but even 
in the East the preparation is adulterated with oil of 
rose geranium and Himalya grass which latter ingre- 
dient has become so valuable that an extensive trade 
is carried on with it. Only an expert can tell real 
attar of roses and then the test is chemical. It con- 
geals, if unadulterated, at 55^ Fahrenheit, and the 
crystals are large and almost transparent. The rose 
from which this precious oil is taken is the Damascina 
the leaves of which are used for the manufacture of 
rose water. 

The Violet. 

The Yiola Odorata is fche species most used and the 
harvest, which lasts from February to May, gives em- 
ployment to hundreds of W'Omen and children. 

Wild Olives. 

The Wild Olive makes a delicious and delicate per- 
fume. Napoleon had such a passion for sweet odors 
that a shower of cologne water followed his morning 



2i6 PERFU^IERY 



bath, and on retiring he caused his nigiit robe to be 
sprinkled with extract of wild ohves until it was damp 
with the perfume. 

Musk. 

This a strong odor procured from the musk deer. 
As a rule, American ladies object to it although we 
are told that the Empress Josephme was so fond of it 
that, notwithstanding the Emperor's remonstrances, 
her dressing room at Malmaison was filled with it, the 
perfume not having to the 'present time been oblit- 
erated, notwithstanding all the means taken to do so. 
The musk comes from Tonquin and Thibet, but tbe 
deer is found throughout the whole length of the 
Himalaya mountains. The scent is found beneath 
the skin and near the navel of the animal, which is 
not larger than a greyhound, and is often caught in 
snares though it is usually hunted as they do hares. 
Musk in its pure and unadulterated state is disagree- 
ably powerful. Indeed there are many perfumes 
of vegetable production which one would exceed- 
ingly dislike if used in their pure condition, especially 
the ottos. That of violets, for instance, is like Prus- 
sic Acid, and the otto of roses is very disagreeable. 

Heliotrope. 

This extract, as it is sold in our stores, is very beau- 
tiful, but there is not one particle of the flower in it, 
not one. Vanilla, French rose, Orange flower, Am- 
bergris and the essential oil of Almonds, mixed together 
in certam proportions make the imitation known by 
the name of Heliotrope. This, in its way, is a fraud as 
bad as those^ committed in certain parts of France, 
where they manufacture wine from half a dozen 
different sources, not one drop of the pure wine, the 



PERFUMERY. 217 



mixture is intended to represent, appearing in it. 
Imitations of Honeysuckle are made up in tiie same 
way — indeed some of the odors in use are made from 
the most repulsive smelHng substances. For instance, 
there is the artificial otto of almonds, which is made 
from benzole, or tar oil. Extracts of Myrtle, Narcissus, 
Lily of the Valley, and several others, are all innocent 
of containing the odor of the perfume they are made 
to represent. 

Ambergris. 

There are a number of odors that are made from 
various substances which the public know nothing 
about. If we were to question the next hundred 
persons we meet in the street as to the source from 
which ambergris comes, we do not think one of them 
would know anything about it. A substance called 
ambergris, which has been known for about a century, 
is found at rare intervals floating in the sea in the 
hottest latitudes. The sailors found it in the whale's 
intestines near the stomach, and developed the theory 
that it w^as a petrifaction, and that as a natural course 
of events the whole whale might turn into the sub- 
stance. In a short time sailors were multiplying who 
had seen amber whales. 

During the spring of last year the Sea Eanger, a 
whaling ship, which had sailed from New Bedford in 
June, 1879, for a four years whaling voyage in the 
South Atlantic took a sperm v\^hale while crossing to 
the south of St. Helena. After the usual operation of 
hooking, hoisting, and cutting off the blubber and 
bailing out the "case," the mostinterestingpart of the 
work was begun. At this point all on board eagerly 
watched while the long spade was pushed into the m- 
testines in order to ascertain if there was any amber- 



2i8 pp:rfumery. 



gris in the stripped leviathian. In the present instance 
the rnen were rewarded by finding the finest specimen 
of ambergris that has been captured during tlie last 
ten years. It was about the size and shape of a water 
melon, weighed seventy pounds and w^as worth 
118,000. 

The price of ambergris has been as high as $290 per 
pound. Messrs. Weeks & Potter, of Boston, bought 
the above lump of ambergris. 

Whenever a large piece of this substance is found 
the more prominent chemists and druggists of the 
world are promptly notified — such dealers as Lubin, 
Pinaud, the Atkinsons of London, Scheffelin & Co. of 
New York — and there is spirited competition for the 
control of the market. The supply is extremely 
small. There are about one hundred and seventy-five 
whaling ships m the world ; all are constantly looking 
out for the precious substance, and the entire amount 
taken by all these ships (including the one hundred 
and forty American whalers, the twenty-five ships 
that go to Baffin's Bay from Dundee, and the few 
stragglers from Norway and Sweden) is not more 
than fifty to seventy-five pounds per jesiw 

It was used many years in medicine, but its great and 
important present use is in the manufacture of per- 
fumes. It consists chiefly of a peculiar fatty matter, 
similar to cholesterin, and is readily dissolved in alco- 
hol, ether, or the volatile oils. The most widely 
accepted supposition is that it is a hardened piece of 
biliary matter formed in the stomach of a sick whale, 
and, perhaps, some other fishes also, for the sperm 
whale is known to feed upon cuttle fish, whose tough, 
indistructible beaks are to be found in the ambergris i 
a fact arguing that the ambergris was a cause or result 
of indigestion. 



PERFUMERY. 219 



In making perfumery there are two general classes 
— the animal odors, such as those from the musk and 
civet, and vegetable odors, such as those from the rose 
and cassia. In the case of the animal odors, they can be 
dissolved in alcohol by the aid of heat, and the odor 
is taken up by the alcohol. With the vegetable, 
as, for example, the rose, alternate layers of lard and 
roses are pressed and allowed to stand, when the lard 
will take into itself the entire perfume of the roses and 
afterward the perfume can be transferred to alcohol 
from the lard. When the alcohol is thus saturated 
with the odor, more alcohol is added until the mixture 
is of the required strength. Then the ambergris is 
used. If the perfumed alcohol were used as a scent 
for the handkerchief, the spirits would evaporate and 
the odor would not remain. But the ambergris is 
added and acts as a base to build upon. Like bodies 
of this kind, undergoing a slow decomposition and 
posessing little volatility ; when it is mixed with fleeting 
scents it gives permanence to them. It acts as an in- 
finite number of small reservoirs which prevent the 
perfume from escaping fast. In consequence of this 
quality, it is indispensable to the perfumer. It contains 
a substance which clings pertinaciously to woven 
fabrics. No ambergris has been found, as far as is 
generally known to perfumery manufacturers, since 
the splendid specimen spoken of above. 

Patchouly. 

There is a little history attached to this odor. Not 
long since it was the custom of shawl purchasers to 
distinguish real India shawls from the very clever 
French imitations by the delicate odor they emitted. 
This odor tlie French could not imitate ; they, how- 
ever, set their wits to work to find out the secret, and 



220 perfu:mery. 



succeeded in importing the patchouly plant, an herb 
that grows in India and China, for the purpose of 
giving the characteristic perfume, which enabled them 
once more to palm off the fictitious for the real shawl. 
This fact speedily leaked out, and no dealernow trusts 
to his nose to settle the question between a real Indian 
shawl and its French imitation. The plant once in 
Europe, however, it speedily became a favorite. It is 
used by the Indian shawl merchant to preserve his 
goods from the attack of insects. It is therefore 
applicable to the preservation of all kinds of linen and 
woolen garments. 

Before entering upon our work of formula for the 
manufactureof Perfumery, it will be well to bear in 
mind the following directions as to the best methods 
of making extracts from Flow^er Pomades: 

FiEST. — Pure Cologne Spirits j gallon. 

Flower Pomade 4 pounds. 

(Flower Pomade is known to the trade as "Triple 
Pomade.") 

Second. — Place the Spirits in a well stoppered bottle 
together with the pomade cut in small pieces and place 
the bottle in a water bath and apply gentle heat, just 
sufficient to melt the Pomade and stir wdth a wooden 
spatula or shake w^ell together. By this method the 
fatty matter will solidify and exhibit a granulated ap- 
pearence, having been thoroughly permeated by the 
spirits. 

Third. — Let the mass stand for five days, but shake 
occasionally. 

Fourth. — Now drain off the liquid extract into 
another bottle but if it falls short of a gallon pour in a 
sufficiency of alcohol to make up the mixture. This 
is called the first wash or Virgin. 



TERFUMERY. 221 



Fifth. — By subsequent and similar treatment a sec- 
ond and even a third quantity of extract may be made 
which however, much weaker, will be found suitable 
for cheaper perfumes. The Pomade left will then 
make an excellent Hair Pomade when bottled. 

Herewith appended are several formula for extracts 
which will be required in our formula which follow. 

Extract Vanilla. 

Yanilla Beans (fine quality) 4 ounces. 

White Sugar 4 

Proof. Spirits 1 gallon. 

Powder the Beans and Sugar very fine, pack in a 
percolator and percolate w^ith proof spirits. 

Extract Orris 

Orris- Eoot (finely ground. 7 pounds. 

Percolate with pure Alcohol until one gallon of ex- 
tract is obtained. 

Extract Tonka. 

Tonka Beans (Coarse powdered) 1 pound. 
Percolate with Alcohol until one gallon of extract 
is obtained. 

Extract Musk. 

Pure grain musk 2 drachms. 

Mix half an ounce of Liquor Pottasse with four 
ounces of Proof Spirits and triturate the Musk with 
this mixture until it is thoroughly softened and re- 
duced to a creamy state. Add enough Proof Spirits 
to make one pint ; sti^' well, then allow the coarser 
particles to subside and pour off the supernatant fluid, 

Make three pints. 



222 PERFUMERY. 




Essence Boquet. 




Extract Musk 


4 ounces, 


Tuberose 


2 


Otto Kose Yergin 


1 drachm e. 


" Bergamot 


li drachms. 


" Neroli Super 


i drachm. 


" Verben-a (true) 


8 drops. 


•' Pimento 


10 " 


" Patchouly 


8 


" Lavender (English) 


12 '' 


Pure Spirits sufficient to make 


4 ])'y:ts. 


Mix and digest. 





Charlotte Cushman Boquet. 



Triple Extract 


Rose, 


32 ounces. 


a a 


Tuberose 


24 


H tl 


Orris 


12 


U ({ 


Ambergris 


4 


u u 


Musk 


2 


Oil Bergamot 




1 ounce. 


" Lemon 




i " 


Mix. 







Clara Kellogg Boquet. 



Extract Tuberose 
Violets 
" Roses 

Yanella 
Tolu 
" Ambergris 

Oil NeroH 
" Lemon 
Mix. 



20 ounces. 

16 

16 

8 



1 drachm. 
f 





PERFUMERY. 


223 




Frangpanni Boquet. 




Extract Orris 


4 ounces. 


a 


Tuberose' 


2 


C( 


Musk 


4 




Yanilla 


2 


ii 


Jasmin 


1 ounce. 


a 


Styrax 


1 " 


Otto Neroli Super 


1 '' 


u 


Eose Virgin 


J drachm. 


ii 


Sandal Flav 


1 


(< 


Ked Cedar Wood 


i " 


ii 


Pimento 


1 


a 


Cassia 


20 drops. 


n 


Bergamot 


i drachm. 


a 


Ginger 


4 drops. 


li 


Lavender English 


6 '' 


a 


Benzoic Acid 


2 drachms, 


Pure 


Spirits Sufficient to make 


4 pints. 


Mix. 


New Mown Hay. 




Extract Tonka 


25 ounces. 


a 


Musk 


6 


a 


Orris 


8 


a 


Yanilla 


1 ounce. 


a 


Styrax 


1 


Otto 


Bergamot 


1 drachm. 


a 


Neroli Super 


15 crops. 


a 


Eose Virgin 


10 " 


a 


Cloves 


6 '' 


u 


Lavender (English) 


10 " 


a 


Patcliouly 


10 '' 


a 


Santal Flav 


1 drachm. 


Benzoic Acid 


Ij " 


Pure 


Spirits, sufficient to make 


4 pints. 


Mix. 







224 PERFUMERY. 




HoneysuckU 


3 Boquet. 




Spirits Rose Pomatum 




1 pint. 


Yiolet 




1 " 


Tube Eose 




1 '' 


Extract Yanilla 




1 " 

4 


Tolu 




i" 


Otto Neroli 




10 drops. 


" Bitter Almonds 




5 drops. 


Mix. 






The cost of this perfume would probably be to high 


to meet the demand, if so , dilute it with pure Spirit 


sufficient to make it pay. 






Mignonette 


Boquet. 




Extract Orris 




12 ounces. 


Tuberose 




4 


Yanilla 




4 


Musk 




2 


Otto Eose Yirgin 




1 drachm. 


" Neroli Super 




U " 


" Pimento 




12 drops. 


Benzoic Acid 




1 drachm. 


Pure Spirits sufficient to make 


4 pints. 


Mix. 






Stephanotis Boquet. 




Extract Cassia 




4 ounces. 


' ' Tuberose 




4 " 


" Jasmin 




' 2 " ■ 


'V Musk 




8 " 


'' Orris 




8 " 


'' Tonka 




3 " 


Otto Eose Yirgin 




1 drachm. 


" Neroli Super 




i " 


Benzoic Acid 




1 


Pure Spirits, sufficient to 


make 


4 pints. 


Mix. 









PERFUMERY. 


2-5 




Sweet Cem of Eden. 




Extract Jasmin 


20 ounces. 


n 


Tuherose 


16 


n 


Orange Flowers 


4 


li 


Jonquil 


4 


a 


Acacia Flowers 


4 


n 


Vanilla 


3 


u 


Civet 


1 ounce. 


Triple Extract of Eose 


4 ounces. 


OilB 


ergamot 


1 ounce. 


Mix. 


stolen Kisses. 




Extract Jonquil, 


2 pints. 


a 


Orris, 


2 '' 


a 


Tonka, 


1 pint. 


it 


Rose Triple, 


1 " 


u 


Acacia, 


i " 


a 


Civet, 


4 


a 


Ambergris, 


i " 


Otto 


Citronella, 


1 drachm. 


u 


Verbena, 


i " 


These ingredients are to remain together at least 


fourteen days then filter prior to sale. 






Victoria Regia. 




Extract Rose Virgin Pomade, 


16 ounces. 


u 


Orange Virgin Pomade, 


8 


u 


Cassia, 


8 


a 


Jasmin '' " 


16 


u 


Orris, 


8 


u 


Ambergris, 


8 


OilN 


eroli, 


i drachm. 


" Rose, 


i " 


'^ Sandal Flav, 


1 


Mix. 







226 


PERFUMERY. 






Tea Rose Boquet. 




Spirits Kose Pomade, 


1 pint. 


ii 


'' Triple, 


1 '' 


, Extract Eose Leaf Geranium, 


1 " 


u 


Sandalwood, 


i " 


a 


Neroli, 


i " 


u 


Orris, 


i " 


Mix. 


Ylang Yiang Boquet 




Extract Tonka, 


3 ounces. 


u 


Musk, 


4 


ii 


Tuberose, 


4 " 


ii 


Cassia, 


4 " 


n 


Orris, 


8 ^* 


otto 


Orange (New) 


2 drachms. 


'< 


Neroli Super, 


1 drachm. 


Pure 


Spirits sufficient to make 


4 pints. 


Mix. 







COLOGNES. 

The receipts for the following colognes are the 
most noted that, at present, are being manufac- 
tured. The directions for making the colognes are to 
cut the oils in about nine-tenths of spirits and after 
twenty-four hours add the water and immediately add 
the remainder of the spirits. The water should always 
be luke waian when put in and always filter through 
filter paper. 



Hoyt's German Cologne. 




Oil Rose, 


15 drops. 


'' Jasamin, 


4 drachms 


'' Patchouly, 


1 drachm. 


'* Eose Geranium, 


IJ drachms 


" Lemon Grass, 


J drachm. 


'' Orange, 


15 drops. 


'* Bergamot, 


2 drachms 


" Nutmeg, 


J drachm. 


'' Almond Bitter, 


10 drops. 


'' Yerbena, 


10 


'' Caraway, 


6 " 


" Cassia, 


5 


'' Citronella. 


30 


'* Rhodium, 


5 


Tincture Benzoin, 


2 ounces. 


Yanilla, 


1 ounce. 


Cologne Spirits, 


} gallon. 


Water, warm 


8 ounces. 


Mix. 





228 



COI.OGXES. 



Oil of Cologne. 




Oil of Bergamot, 


4 ounces. 


" Kose, 


1 drachm. 


'' Neroli, 


1 


'' Lemon, 


J ounce. 


" Geranium Kose, 


2 drachms. 


'' Lavender, 


2 


Mix. 




Magnolia Cologne. 




Extract Jasmin Pomade third 




wash, 


96 ounces 


Extract Orange, 


32 


" MagnoHa Comp. 


8 '' 


Mix. 




Jockey Club. 




Ext. Jasmin Pomade third wash. 


1 gallon. 


" Eose 


8 ounces. 


'' Orange 


10 " 


'' Jockey Club, 


8 '' 


" Cloves, 


2. '' 


Mix. 




Ylang Ylang Cologne, 




Extract Jasmin Pomade third 




wash, 


96 ounces. 


Extract Tuberose, 


32 " 


Ylang Ylang Comp. • 


8 


Mix. 




Farina Cologne. 




Oil Neroli, 


5 drachms. 


" Bergamot, 


1 ounce. 


Pure Alcohol, 


6 pints. 


Water, 


2 '^ 


Mix ;.:]d filter. 





COLOGNES. 



229 



Lau De Cologne. 




Spirits, Pure 


6 gallons. 


Otto Neroli, Petit Grain 


2 ounces. 


'' Neroli Petale, 


i ounce. 


Eosemary, 


2 ounces. 


*' Orange Peel,l 




" Lemon, 1^ of each, 


4 ounces. 


" Bergamot, j 




Mix. 




This formula is the genuine. A gi 


-eat manv have 


been i-ublishei by people that are in ignorence of what 


they are puttiug up. 




Citronella Cologne. 




Ext. Orange Pomade third wash, 


52 ounces. 


" Jasmin, 


32 " 


Oil Citronella, 


2 


Mix. 




German Cologne. 




Cologne Spirits, 


1 gallon. 


Oil Eosemary, 


i ounce. 


" Lemon, • 


1 ^' 


" Lavender, English 


I5- ounces. 


" Cinnamon, 


20 drops. 


Water, Warm 


1 quart. 


Mix. 




Best Cologne Water. 




Oil Bergamot, 


2 ounces. 


- " Neroh, 


2 drachms. 


" Jasmin, 


i ounce. 


" Garden Lavender, 


2 drachms. 


" Cinnamon, 


1 drop. 


Tincture Benzoin, 


3 ounces. 


Tincture Musk, 


i ounce. 


Pure Spirits, 


1 gallon. 


Kose Water, 


2 pints. 


Mix. 




Let this Cologne stand a consider ahl 


e length of time 


before hUermg for use. 





TOILET PREPARATIONS, 

COSMETICS. 

CHAPTER XII. 

Def . The term is derived from the Greek Kosmein 
to adorn. The Greek ladies we are told studied much 
the use of cosmetics as the women of the East do 
at the present. 

The desire of being agreeable has no doubt led to 
the invention of cosmetics. Under this term are 
usually comprehended all the expedients invented to 
soften the skin, to maintain its transparency, lustre 
and freshness, to give color to the complexion, to pro- 
vent or efface wrinkles, to whiten and clean the teeth, 
to stain the hair and eyebrows, and in short, to im- 
prove the appearence of the face and hands. 

The market seems flooded with Circassian Creams, 
Kalydors and cooling lotions. 

It is well enough for ladies to try to look well, but 
all medical men teach that the best way of improving 
the skin is to improve the health. Ladies in the habit 
of using popular cosmetics under the impression that 
these patent nostrums are innocent, and their makers 
and manufacturers men of worth and veracity should 
remember that they are but hastening the period of 
wrinkles and blemishes to all who use them. 

Ladies apply these patent nostrums to hands and 
face without a moment's thought. They seem to 
give no consideration to the anatomical structure of 
the skin or think for a moment how easily it absorbs 
substances to wdiichit comes in contact. 

How careful then ought we to be not to use any 



COSMETICS. 



deleterious materials for the face and hands but before 
applying them we ought to know accurately the 
nature and composition of all substances recommended 
by perfumers. All cosmetics are not to be condemned 
equally; some are perhaps harmless and others are 
occasionally useful. Of paints for the face, some are 
highly dangerous and many of those which are only 
slightly so become dangerous by constant application 
by clogging or stopping up the pores of the skin. 

Those cosmetics which owe their efficacy to astrin- 
gents, acids, alum, bismuth, etc., are often for a time 
efficacious, giving a firmness and a lustre to the skin 
but this effect is only temporary, for they in time alter 
its texture, dry it and produce premature wrinkles; 
they are therefore better avoided. Mucilaginous cos- 
metics, oat meal, barley water, etc., render the skin 
more supple, softer and more polished. Pastes and 
ointments sometimes produce good effects in certain 
conditions of the skin. The base of a good many of 
our patent cosmetics is grease and will help to restore 
the suppleness and elasticity of the skin but danger 
lies in impurities contained in the fat. Many of these 
cosmetics produce astonishing effects at first, but 
ultimately ruin the skin by destroying its natural 
functions, and consequently seriously injuring health. 

It is well known that the skin consists of the outer 
or scarf skin called by anatomists the cuticle or epi- 
dermis and the inner or true skin. The first is a very 
thin membrane, transparent and without blood ves- 
sels; it has no nerves consequently no sensation and 
may be pared or cut with a knife without any pain ; it 
is that which rises in blisters. The true skin beneath 
is much thicker and entirely filled with nerves, and 
the extremities of an infinity of minute blood vessels 
by which the blood which comes from the heart to 



COSMETICS. 



the skin returns back again, the turn in the circu- 
lation being at the surface. Now it can plainly be 
seen that whatever impedes in any degree the healthy 
action of the skin must effect the whole system as far 
as the circulation is concerned. These minute blood 
vessels approach very near to the surface of the skin, 
and the cutis being transparent, they give the flesh 
color which is more ruddy in some places than others, 
as upon the cheeks from their greater size or number 
in that part, and the want of healthy action in these 
vessels is indicated by the paleness of the complexion. 
In the skin are likewise innumerable minute pores by 
which the insensible perspiration exudes. There can, 
therefore, be nothing plainer than that a beautiful 
skin is more the effect of what comes from within than 
what comes from without. 

Substances used in making Cosmetics. 

Peael White is a preparation of bismuth. It will 
turn black if exposed to the fumes of sulphur. A lady 
in a lecture room was examining some water that had 
been impregnated with Sulphuretted Hydrogen gas. 
On smelling the water she turned black in the face to 
the utmost dismay of all who saw her. She had been 
using pearl white. 

Peael Powdee is the name of a cosmetic that was 
formerly much in request. It is, I believe, nothing 
but French chalk powdered fine and perhaps mixed 
with pearl white or bismuth. 

Rouge is a well known red paint so named from the 
French word for red. There are several kinds but 
they are all composed of some vegetable color, and 
talc or powdered French chalk. 

Caemine is a well known red paint for the face, pre- 
pared by precipitating the coloring matter of Cochi- 
neal upon alumnia and perfectly harmless if genuine. 



COSMETICS. . 233 



Di:fferent qualities of carmine are sold in llie shops 
distinguished by numbers and havmg various prices. 
It is not well known what is the cause of the differ- 
ence of color, but it is supposed to be either owjng to a 
greater amount of alumina or an adulteration by 
Vermillion . 

The latter is a poisonous substance, a preparation 
of Mercury and Sulphur that ought in every form to 
be excluded from the toilet. 

With respect to red paints, vegetable reds alone are 
safe to use; they are dyeing substances and are harm- 
less; such as those made from Cochineal, Sandlewood, 
and Brazilwood; but the mineral reds such as red 
lead, and vermillion or cinnabar, and sulphuret of 
Mercury, are poisonous and ought to be entirely ex- 
cluded from the toilet together with every composi- 
tion into which they enter as an ingredient. All these 
metallic preparations and wdiite lead destroy the text- 
ure of the skin, cause wrinkles, nervous affections, 
palsy, etc. 

Laird's Bloom of Youth. 

Oxide of Zmc, 3 drachms. 

Precipitated Chalk, 3 

Oil of Bergamot, 2 drops. 
Carmine J grain. 

Water 3 fl. ounces. 

Stoddart's Peerless Liquid. 

The following formula makes a preparation which 
has nearly the same composition as the proprietary' 
lotion; the perfume, however, has been changed. 
Bismuth Oxy-chloride, 2 drachms. 

Precipitated Chalk, 4 

Glycerine, 1 fl. " 

Water. 2^ fl. ounces. 



234 COSMETICS. 



Carmine, J grain. 

Oil of Orange, 1 drop. 

" Bay, 1 " 

" Cinnamon, 1 " 

Lowland's Freckle Lotion. 

Sweet Almonds (blanched) 1 ounce. 

Bitter Almonds, i 

Corrosive Sublima,te, 15 grains. 

Alcohol, 2 J drachms. 

• Water to make 1 pint. 

Make an emulsion of the almonds with the water 
and strain. iVdd the mercurial salts dissolved in the 
spirits; lastly add water to make the measure one 
pint. 

Rose Bandoline. 

Gum Tragacanth, 1 ounce. 

Soft Water, 50 ounces. 

Alcohol, 8 '' 

Oil of Rose, 10 drops. 

Macerate the gum in the water until well dissolved; 
strain, w^ith pressure, through a cloth, add the alcohol, 
having the oil of rose dissolved in it, and mix well. 





Brilliantinec 




Castor Oil, 
G-lycerine, 
Alcohol, 
Perfume to suit. 




3 parts. 

1 part. 

10 parts. 


Anothei 


■ made like Ponnati 


urn. 


Veal Fat, 
Spermaceti, 
Castor Oil, 




4 ounces. 

2 " 
2 " 



Perfume with Oil Jasmin or Neroli, 



COSMETICS. 



235 



Cold Cream. 

White Wax, } . ^^ ^ , 

Q ^^- [ each, zO drachms. 

bpermaceti, ) ' 

Oil Almonds, Av. 20 ounces. 

Mix them together and when on the point of con- 
gealing, add the following under constant stirring 
with a flexible spatula, or, preferably, with a patent 
egg beater: 

Water dist.. 
Borax, 
Previously dissolved, then add : 
Oil Eose, 
'' Neroh, 
" Geranium, 
" Ylang Ylang 
'' Oris, 
Tincture Ambergris, 



9fl. 


ounces. 


iO gl 


anrs. 


30 minims. 


10 


u 


5di 


ops. 


2 


a 


Idi 


'Op. 


3d] 


:ops= 



Glycerine Cold Cream. 



> each, 



White Wax, 

Spermaceti, 

Oil Sweet Almonds, 

Glycerine, 

Water dist.. 

Borax, 

Oil Kose, 

^' Bergamo t, 

'' Neroh, 

'' Ylang Ylang, 

'' Oris, 
Tincture Ambergris, 
Prepare in the same way as the 
and if desired color red with Aniline, 
in a little oiL 



20 drachms. 

21 av. ounces. 
20 drachms. 
32 fl. " 

75 grains = 
20 Hjinims. 
10 
10 

2 drops. 

1 drop. 

5 drops, 
previous formula 
8 grains dissolved 



236 



COSMETICS. 



Camphor Cold Cream. 


White Wax, 
Spermaceti, 


;• each. 


20 drachms. 


Camphor, 




m 


Oil Ahiionds, 




17 av. ounces. 


W^ater dist., 




8J fl. 


Borax, 




75 grains. 


Cumarin, 




1 grain. 


Oil Rose, 




30 minims. 


" Geranium^ 


j- each, 


3 " 


" YlangYlang, 


" Almond, 




2 drops. 


" Orris, 




1 drop. 


Tincture Musk, 




10 drops. 


Zibeth, 




5 " 


Prepare like the Glycerine Cold C 


'ream. 


Rose Cold Cream. 




White Wax, 
Spermaceti, 


I each 


20 drams. 


Oil Sweet Almond, 




20 ounces. 


Water dist. 




9 fi ounces. 


Borax 




75 grains. 


Oil Rose, 




30 minims. 


Oil NeroH, 




10 minims. 


Extract Jasmin, 




10 drops. 


Tinctnre Musk, 




5 drops. 


Oil Orris, 




1 drop. 


Color with about 3 grains of Alcamis. 


Vaseline 


Cold Cream. 




White Wax, 
Spermaceti, 


^ each 


20 drams. 


Petrolatum, 




9 11. ounces. 


Water dist. 




7 av. ounces. 


Bot-ax, 




75 grains. 



COSMETICS. 


237 


Cum arm, 


1 grain. 


Extract Jasmin, Triple, 


3 fl. drams. 


Oil Eose, ) , 
" Neroli, [ ^^^^ 




5 drops. 


" Orris, 


2 " 


'• Almond, 


1 drop. 


Tincture Musk, 


5 drops. 


Prepare. as common cold cream. 





HAIR OILS. 

The practice of dyeing the hair by way of personal 
adornment is very ancient. The practice of dyeing 
the hair, and painting tiie face, etc., is often alluded 
to in the Bible. 

It becomes our duty while writing a w^ork of this 
kind to devote a chapter to Hair Oils, Dyes, and 
Tonics. Still we would say as is our duty that as a 
rule Hair Dyes ought to be avoided, as a personal 
beauty is often spoiled by the inharmonious applica- 
tion of colors. 

The manufacture of this class of goods affords a 
a handsome profit to the druggist. 

Hair Oil Perfumes. 

No. 1. 
Oil of Bergamot, 2 ounces. 

Oil of Lavender, 2 drachms. 

Oil of Cinnamon, 1 drachm. 

Mix. 



238 HAIR OILS. 




No. 2. 




Oil of Bergamot, 


1 ounce. 


Oil of Eose Greranium, 


2 drachms. 


Oil of Cloves, 


J drachm. 


Mix. 




No. 3. 




Oil of Bergamot, 


^ ounce. 


Oil of Orange Flowers, 


i '' 


Oil of Lemon, 


1 '' 
4 


Mix. 




No. 4. 




Oil of Lemon, 


1 ounce. 


Oil of Cassia, 


J drachm. 


Oil of Eose, 


20 drops. 


Mix. 




Cocoanut OIL 




Cocoanut Fat, 


2i pounds. 


Castor Oil, 


1 gallon. 


Alcohol, 


1 '' 


Oil Lavender, 


4 ounces. 


Oil Cloves, 


2 " 


Oil Cinnamon, 


2h '' 



Oil Eose Geranium, 2 drachms. 

Melt the Cocoa Fat at a gentle heat; add Castor 
Oil; Mix thoroughly, add Alcohol; then perfume. 

Bears' Oil. 



Cotton Seed Oil, 
Oil Fennel, 
Oil Lavender, 
Oil Citronella, 
Oil Cloves, 
No Color. 



15 gallons. 
3 ounces. 
2 
3 
3 ounces. 



HAIR OILS. 


2^9 


Crescent Oil. 


• 


Cotton Seed Oil, 


15 gallons. 


Oil Bergamot, 


8 ounces. 


Oil Cassia, 


6 


Oil Cloves, 


4 


Oil White Thyme, 


1 ounce. 


Mix. 




Color with Alkanet. 




Cocoa Toilet Cream 




Alcohol, 


IJ gallons. 


Castor Oil, 


U " 


Cocoanut Oil, 


2 pounds. 


Oil Lavender, 


3 ounces. 


Oil Bergamot, 


3 " 


Oil White Thyme, 


i ounce. 


Melt the Cocoanut Oil in the Castor Oil; warm the 


Alcohol over a water bath, and add 


to the Oils when 


they are cold; lastly, add the perfume. 


Hickory Nut Oil. 




Cctton Seed Oil, 


15 gallons. 



Oil of Fennel, 




2i ounces. 


Oil Sassafras, 




3 ounces. 


Oil Thyme, 




U " 


Oil Eosemary, 


# 


li " 


Oil Cinnamon Cassia, 


4 


Oil Cloves, 




U " 


Oil Lavender, 




U " 


Do not color. 






New 


York Barbers' Star. 




Castor Oil, 




6^^ pints. 


Alcohol, 




U " 


Oil Citronella, 




i ounce. 


Oil Lavender, 




i " 


Mix. 







240 


HAIR OILS. 




Nisht-Bloomins Cereus Oil. 


Cotton Seed Oil, 




15 gallons. 


OilGaraway, 




4 ounces. 


Oil Cloves^ 




4 " 


Oil Sassafras, 




2 " 


Oil Lavender, 




1 " 


Oil Eosemary, 




2 '' 


Color with Alkanet Boot. 






Orange Oil. 




Sesame Oil, 




2 gallons. 


Oil Orange, 




2|- ounces. 


Oil Bergamot, 




i ounce. 


Oil Geranium, 


Golden Oil, 


Ij drachms. 


Oil Cotton Seed, 


(yellow,) 


15 gallons. 


Oil Bergamot 




8 ounces. 


Oil Cassia, 




6 


Oil Cloves, 




4 


Oil Thyme, (white,) 


1 ounce. 


Color with Alkanet Boot. 






Hair Oil. 




Cotton Seed Oil, 


(yellow,) 


15 gallons. 


Oil Lavender, 




12 ounces. 


Oil Thyme, * 




2 


Oil Cloves, 




1 


L)o not color. 






Moustache Dye. 




Silver Nitrate, 




60 grains. 


Ammonia water. 




-0- fl. ounce. 


Distilled Water, 




2 J fl. ounces. 


Olive Oil, 




1 fi. ounce. 


Dissolve the Silver 


Nitrate in the 


water, add the 


Ammonia Water and finally the Olive Oil. Tlie mix- 


ture is to he shaken before used. 





HAIR OILS. 



241 



Preparation for Removing the Stains. 



Sulphuret Potash, 
Aqua distilled, 
Mix. 



drachm, 
ounce. 



Hair Dye and Tonic. 

Hoffman's Balsamic Mixture, 25 parts. 

Glycerine, 25 " 

Eose water, . 100 '' 

Tinct. Cantharides, 5 ". 

Carbonate Ammonia, 5 " 
Mix. Shake well and filter. 

Hoffman's Balsamic Mixture is composed of the Oil 

of Lavender, Cloves, Cassia, Thyme, Lemon, Mace 

and Neroli, of each 4 parts. 

Balsam of Peru, 12 " 



Alcohol, 

To Dye the Hair Brown- 

No. 1. 

Sulphuret Potassium, 
Water, 
Mix. 

No. 2. 

Nitrate Silver. 
Pose Water, 
Mix. 

Lightning Hair Dye. 

(Mordant.) 

Acid Pyrogallic, 
Aqua distilled. 
Alcohol, 
Mix. 



100 



1 ounce. 
6 ounces. 



1 ounce. 
8 ounces. 



1 drachm. 

5 ounces. 

J ounce. 



HAIR OILS. 



The Dye. 

Nitrate of Silver, crystals, 
Aqua, distilled, 
Aqua Ammonia, 
Or Q. S. to make clear. 
Mix. 

Black. 



1 drachm. 
6 drachms. 



No. 1. 
Sulphuret Potassium, 1 ounce. 

Water, > 6 ounces. 

No. 2. 
Nitrate Silver, 1 ounce. 

Water, 6 ounces. 

Mix. 

The Sulphuret Potassium and Water must be ap- 
plied first (this goes by the name of Mordant), and 
when the hair is dry, then the Silver solution. Piesse, 
in his "Art of Perfumery," says: "Great care should 
be taken that the Sulphuret is fresh made or, at least, 
well preserved in closed bottles." 

To Turn Dark Hair to a Golden Hue. 

Peroxide of Hydrogen, 6 ounces. 

It is the best preparation in use and a harmless one ; 
it is expensive and its application has to be continued 
for some time; if you have very dark hair it may re- 
quire as much as three weeks; it will do the work; it 
is used by actresses, attached to blonde troupes, to 
aquire the regulation hue . 

Vegetable Hair Tonic. 
Quinine Sulph., 
Tinct. Cantharides, 
Tinct. Myrrh, 
Castor Oil, 
Alcohol, 
Mix: Apply often. 



i 


drachm. 


1 


ounce. 


1 


u 


1 


u 


7J 


ounces. 



HAIR OILS. 



24.3 



Hair Dye. 




Pyrogallic Acid, 


2 parts. 


Water, 


90 - 


Cologne, 


10 '^ 


Mix. 




Clean the hair first with soap 


suds, then brush 


thoroughly every two or three days with the above solu- 


tion. 




Buckingham's Hair Dye. 


(Black.) 




Nitrate of Silver, 


1 ounce. 


Nitrate of Copper, 


1 drachm. 


Distilled Water, 


8 ounces. 


Water of Ammonia, 


q. s. 


Mix, and dissolve the Metallic 


Salts in Distilled 


Water and add Ammonia to the 


solution until the 



liquid becomes of a clear blue. Tne dye is applied to 
the hair in the usual way. After a short exposure to 
sunlight it imparts a black color ; A brown color is 
obtained by diluting the solution. 

Trieopherous. 

Castor Oil 

Alcohol 

Tincture Cantharides 

Oil Bergamot 

Tincture Alkanet 
Mix. 



8 ounces. 
8 

2 drachms. 
2 
^ drachm. 



Bay Rum Hair Tonic. 

Glycerine 4 ounces. 

Tincture Cantharides 4 drachms. 

x\qua Ammonia 4 " 

Rose Water 2 ounces, 

Bay Rum 10^ 
Mix. 



244 HAIR OILS. 




Hair Restorative. 




Hall's or Rings. 




Lac Sulphur 


1 drachm. 


Acetate Lead 


1 


Cloride Sodium 


2 drachms. 


Glycerine 


2 ounces. 


Bay Eum 


8 '' 


Jamaica Kum 


4 u 


Soft Water 


1 pint. 


Mix. Shake before using. 




Remedy for Falline; Hair. 




Castor Oil 


J " 


Tincture Cantharides 


1 drachm. 


Aqua Ammonia 


h " 


Oil Eosemary 


5 drops. 


Mix . Apply to the roots of the haii 


' two or three 


times a week, rubbing in well. 




Shampoo Wash No, 2. 




Sulphuric Ether 


1 ounce. 


Alcohol 


1 


Glycerine 


1 


Aqua Ammonia 


1 drachm. 


Castile Soap 


2 


Water (soft) 


2 pints. 


Eau Lustrale- 




Castor Oil 


8 ounces. 


Tincture Cantharides 


1 ounce. 


Alcohol 


48 ounces. 


Oil Bergamot 


4 drachms. 


Oil Lavender 


1 drachm. 


Oil Cloves 


30 drops. 


Mix. 




Color with Cudbear. 





HAIR OILS. 


245 


Owen's Hair Tonic. 




Eain Water 


1 pint. 


Lac. Sulphur 


i ounce. 


Sulphate of Iron 


i '' 


Oil Bergamot 


i 


Mix and apply to the hair daily. 




Walpole's Tonic. 




Glycerine 


1 ounce. 


Tinct. Cantharides 


2 drachms. 


Eose Water 


3 ounces, 


Mix. 




Landerer's Hair Tonic. 




Cloves 


2i drachms. 


Laurel Leaves in coarse powder 


5 


Digested with Alcohol 


6 ounces. 


Eose Water 


3 


Glycerine 


2i drachms. 


Mix. After 24 hours add Ether 


J ounce. 


Oil of Lavender 


5 drops. 


Filter. 




Hair Tonic. 




Carbonate of Ammonia 


1 ounce. 


Eubbed up in Sweet Oil 


i pint. 


If the hair falls out apply daily. It 
good. 


is simple but 


Lavender Hair Tonic. 




Alcohol 


T gallon. 


Castor Oil 


J " 


Tincture Cantharides 


i ounce. 


Oil Bergamot 


i '' 


" Lavender 


^ 


'' Thyme (white) 


i " 


Mix. 





246 HAIR OILS. 




Promote the Growth of Whiskers 


Yeal Fat 


1 poand. 


Tincture Cantharides 


1 ounce. 


Oil of Mace 


i '' 


'^ Neroli Petit Grain 


30 drops. 


Mix. x\pply portion daily. 




Shampoo Washes. 




(No. i) 




Borax (powdered) 


4 drachms. 


Bay Eum 


2 ounces. 


Aqua Ammonia 


1 ounce. 


Eose Water 


13 ounces. 


Mix. One of the best. 




(No. 2) 




Carbonate Potassa 


2 drachms. 


Sulph Ether 


2 


Bay Eum 


2 ounces. 


Water (soft) 


14 '' 


Mix. 





GUM. 

Def . Gum is a vegetable substance , found in great- 
er or less quantities in the juices of every plant. It 
possesses the same elementary composition as starch , 
soluble in water but not in alcohol. 

The most important gums of commerce are 
Gum Arabic , Senegal and Tragacanth. 

Two only are officinal in U. S. P: 
Gum Arabic, 
'' Tragacanth. 

The first is a product of a species of Acacia, found 
in Africa and Arabia. The second comes from Asia 
Minor. Gum Senegal comes from Senegal, in Africa. 



LIQUORS, 

Pharmaceutical liquors are aqueous solutions of non- 
volatile substances. 

Ligz^ors are prepared either by simple solution of 
the solid in water, or by chemical decomposition of 
different substances in water, new compounds being 
formed in the solution. 

Such solutions are termed chemical liquors. 
To the first class belong the following : Officinal in 
theU. S. P. 

In one fluid oz. 
Per cent. grains. 

Liquor acidi arsenics 1. 4.6. 

calcis. ..15 .67 

" pepsini 4. 20. 

Liquor Gutta Percha is a saturated solution of 
the latter in chloroform. 

Ghemical solutions or liquors are a very important 
class of preparations. To prepare them, however, re- 
quires considerable chemical knowledge and exper- 
ience and appropriate apparatus 

The following are officinal in the U. S. P (which 
see for description of process and formulas) : 



248 



LIQUORS. 



Per cent. 

Liquor ammonii acet — . 7.6 

arsenic et . liydrarg. iodide, of each 1. 

ferri acetatis 33. 

" chloridi, anhydrous salt 37.8 

" citratis " ....35.5 

" et. quinin. cit. " ... .38.5 

" nitratis 2.5 

'' subsulphatis 43.7 

'' tersulphatis 28.7 

hydrargyri nitratis 50. 

iodi comp 6. 

magnesii citratis 

plumbi subacetatis 25. 

dilutus— ofthe 

cohcentrated sokition 3. 

potassse 5.6 

potassii arsenitis (of arsenic) .... 1. 

" citratis 9. 

sodae 5. 

'' chlorate (CI.) 2. 

sodii arseniatis (dry) 1. 

" sihcatis 

zinci chloridi 50. 



COUNTER PRESCRIBING. 

Since many people daily apply to pharmacists for 
relief from trifling ailments, which indeed a physician 
having any business and self- appreciation would not 
care to bother with, a few hints as to the best way to 
meet those requirements will not be amiss : 

Toothache is often relieved by compound tincture 
of benzoin, a few drops being introduced by moisten- 
ing a small wisp of cotton and gently pressing it into 
the decayed tooth. Chloroform, tincture of opium, 
various essential oils, particularly cloves, solutions of 
morphia sulph. or carbolic acid, often subserve the 
same purpose if used ia the same way, but not unfre- 
quently utterly fail to give relief. 

A dry persistent cough may generally be relieved 
by acetic acid, properly diluted with simple syrap, say 
acetic acid ^ii. ; simp. syr. siv. Mix. A little solu- 
tion of caramel or compound tincture of lavender, to 
make the tincture look stronger and more like medi- 
cine will be very satisfactory to the patient. 

Gon-^rrhoea is frequently very speedily cured by an 
injection of a very dilute solution of Permanganate of 
Potassium, say i- gr. to 4 oz. of water, to be used freely 
three or four times daily. A solution of Sulphate of 
Zinc of the strength of 2 gr. or 3 gr. to 4 oz. of water 
is also very efficacious. Internal remedies do but lit- 
tle if any good; when demanded, however, by the 
patient a weak ujixture of balsam of Copaiba with 



250 COUNTER PRESCRIBING. 



simple syrup and a little componnd spirits of Lavendei' 
to color the mixture, will prove as satisfactory and 
efficacious as anything. 

Diarrhoea is usually self curative, that is to say, 
when the offending, irritating materials which caused 
it are discharged it will cease. To facilitate this pro- 
cess a mild laxative of Ehuharb or Magnesia followed 
by an aromatic cordial will usually prove entirely suf- 
ficient. 

Cuts of no great depth, and where no large blood 
vessels are opened do not require any treatment, ex- 
cept cleansing and closing up by isinglass plaster. 
Anything put into the wound is a real damage to the 
case. 

Bruises are properly benefitted and certainly not 
injured by a lotion of equal parts of tincture of Cam- 
phor and tincture of Arnica. 

Burns and scalds should be covered with cotton 
moistened with a mixture of linseed oil and lime water 
about equal parts, or with old muslin or linen moist- 
ened with a very dilute solution of Carbolic Acid, or 
the cloths may be smeared over with cosmoline or 
any of the other similar petroleum products. 

Pimples, Eruptions and Eed Patches about the face 
or hands may often be cured by using milk of Sulphur 
rubbed up with enough Simple Cerate to make an 
ointment, which should be rubbed in every second 
evening. 

For sore eyes, collyrium or eye-water, containing 
half a grain each of Sulphate of Zinc and Muriate of 
Berberina (often call " Muriate of Hydrastia" or 
simple " Hydrastin") to each ounce of water, will be 
found frequently very efficacious. 

Sore Mouth is generally cured by chewing a small 
crystal of Chlorate of Potassa, or a little golden seal 



COUNTER PRESCRIJUNG. 251 



root. These agents might well be combined in a loz- 
enge. 

iill cases of importance, and indeed all of tho fore- 
going when severe or obstinate should be referred to 
a physician. As the pharmacist receives no pay but 
for his goods, he should refuse to assume more than 
the slightest responsibility in any case even if he is 
thoroughly competent to manage it. We do not ad- 
vise pharmacists to treat the cases we have mentioned 
if they can avoid it; but if they must suggest some- 
thing these simple measures are far preferable to the 
receipts usually resorted to for the same purposes, and 
will be found equally as profitable. 

A similar article to the proprietary preparation, 
''Ely's Cream Balm," is easily made, by melting to- 
gether : 

White wax, 1 drachm. 

Paraffin, J 

Oil sweet almonds, 2 drachms, • 

Adding saxoline, 4 drachms, 

And stirring well till cold, 
Soda nitrate, 2- drachm. 

Water, i- drachm. 

Mix the above salve thoroughly with this solution 
and finally add 

Oil of lemon, 10 minims, 

Oil of orange peel, 2 '' 

The original bottle of the nostrum is of square 
shape and amber color and holds three fluid dranchms. 

Convulsions and Spasms. 

Spirits Camphor, 3 ounces. 

" Chloroform, 2 drachms. 

Tincture of Opium, 1 drachm. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful, in sweetened water, every hour, 
till relieved. 



252 COUNTER PRESCRIBING. 



Hemorrhage. 

(I'rom Uterus.) 




Gallic Acid, 


2 drachms. 


Aro. SuL Acid, 


^ " 


Tinct. Cinnamon, 


2 ounces . 


Water, 


2 



Sig. — Teaspoonful, mixed in wine glass of water, 
every four hours . 

Cologogue. 

Fluid Ex. Taraxicum, ) 

Elixir of Cimicifuga, Iron and Strychnia, ^ 
Sig. — Mix . Two teaspoonfuls three times a day. 

Ring Worm. 

Iodine, in Crystals, 30 grains. 

Pulv. Tannin, 20 " 

Simple Cerate, J ounce. 

Sig. — Apply at night and let remain. Wash of! with 

Bicarbonate Soda, three drachms, to pint of water, in 

the morning. 

Spas!r>odic Asthma. 

Chloral Hyd., 5 drachms. 

Bromide Potass, 2 " 

Syrup Flor. Aurant, 1 ounce . 

Aqua, 1 

Sig. — One teaspoonful in half glass of water every 
two hours till sleep is induced . 

For Testitis. — 

Ex. Belladonna, 2 drachms. 

Aqua, 4 ounces. 

Sig. — Use as a fomentation. 

Chronic Chills. 

Sul. Quinine, ^ 
'' Iron, \ aa. Grains xii. 

" Zmc, S 

Sig. — Make 70 pills. Take one every three hours. 



COUNTER PRESCRIBING. 253 

Phthisis, Pulmonalisand Scrofula. 

Oil Morrhuae, li ounce. 

^' Creasoti, 4 drops. 

Pulv. Tragacanthse, j 

'' Acacia, > of each 1 scruple. 

*' Amyli, ) 

Pulv. Sacchari Albi, 1 drachm. 

Aqua Anisi, ^ 4^- ounces. 

Sig. — Two teaspoonfuls three times a day. 

Cough of Phthisis. 

Pulv. Ipecac Comp., 4 scruples. 

Tincture Scill^, > ^f ^^^^ 2 drachms. 

Tolutanis, > 
Mistura Acacia, I2- ounces. 

Aqua, ad. 3 '^ 

Teaspoonful often repeated. 

Insomnia. 

Bromide Potassi, J ounce. 

Aqua Cinnamon, 2 ounces. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful every two hours. 
The Same. 
Bromidia, 1 ounce. 

Sig. — Thirty to sixty drops every hour. 
The Same. 
Tine. Hyoscyami, 2 fld. ounces. 

One or two teaspoonfuls at bed time. 

Convulsions. 

Assafoetida, i ounce.. 

Powdered Opium, 4 grains. 

Ipecac, 4 '' 

Oil Peppermint, 8 drops. 

Alcohol, 4 ounces. 
Teaspoonful every thirty miutes. 



254 COUNTER PRESCRIBING. 

Sore Nipples. 

Tannic Acid, 20 grains. 

Corbolic Acid, 1 draclim. 

Glycerine, 7 drachms. 

Wash the nipples with the suds made of Castile, 
Honey or Glycerine Soap, and dry them every time 
just after the child has nursed, then bathe the nipple 
with the Glycerine mixture. 

Restoration of Menses ; 

lod. Potassa, 3 drachms. 

Tine. Iron and Potassa, 6 '' 

Tine. Gentian, 8 ounces. 

AYater, 8 '' 

M. Sig. — Give tablespoonful before each meal. 

Menorrhagia. 

Tine. Cannabis Ihdica, i ounce. 

Fluid Ex. Ergot, 1^- ounces. 

Simple Syrup, 2 ounces. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful to dessertspoonful three times a 
day. 

Neuralgia and Sick Headache Mixture. 

Muriate of Ammonia, pul., 1 drachm. 

Sul. Morphia, 1 grain. 

Aqua Camphor, 4 ounces. 

Aqua, 3 " 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every ten minutes, precisely, un- 
til relieved. 

Whooping Cough Remedy. 

Carbonate of Potassium, -} drachm. 

Powdered Cochineal, 15 grains. 

Sugar, 4 drachms. 

Aqua, 4 ounces. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful three or four times a day. 



COUNTER PRESCRIBING. 



-55 



2 ounces. 
2 " 
i: ounce. 



Cholera Cure, No. 

Tincture of Opium, 
Sprits of Camphor, 
Tincture of Capsicum, 
Tincture of Ginger, 1 

Ess. of Peppermint, 2 " 

Hoffman's Anodyne, 2 •' 

Sig. — Ten to twenty drops every twenty minutes, 
till relieved. 

Cholera Cure, No. 2' 

Chloroform, 
Tincture of Camphor, 
Tannic Acid, 
Sul. Morphia, 
Sig. — Teaspoonful in water or Syrup. 

Cholera Infantum. 

Creosote, 

Chalk Mixture, 

Acetate of Lead, 

Acacia, 
M. Sig. — Form an emulsion . 

Half a teaspoonful every three hours, with the fol- 
lowing. 

Calomel, 10 grains. 

Bismuth Sub. Nit., 20 " 

Powdered Opium, 1 grain. 

Pepsin, 20 grains. 

Sig. — Give as often as needed to act on the bowles. 



3 drachms. 
6 ounces. 
i ounces. 
IJ grains. 



3 drops. 
H ounces 
15 grains. 
i ounce. 



Gonorrhea, 

Balsam Copaiba, 

Sub. Carb. Potass. Liq. 

Mix, and add 
Aqua Anise, 

Teaspoonful four times a day. 



1 ounce. 

1 drachm. 

2 drachms. 



2^6 



COUNTER PRESCRIBING. 



re. 






1 ounce. 




1 '' 




1 ^' 




2 drachms. 




2 


hildren. 






1 grain. 




99 grains. 



Cough Mixture. 

Syrup Ipecac, 

" Tolu, 

** Khea Aro, 
Tine. Opium Compound, 
Pulv. Acacia, 
Teaspoonful every two hours. 

Ag:ue Mixture for C 

Oxide of Arsenic, 
Sugar of Milk, 
Sig. — For a child two years old give two grains. 

For a child five years old give four to six grains- 

A&;ue Medicinefor Adults. 

Sulphate of Qumia, 1 drachm. 

Liquor Oxy sulphate of Iron, 2 drachms. 

Sul. Potass. Arsenious, 2 " 

Water, 4 ounces. 

Sig. — One teaspoonful four times a day. 

Eye Water. 

Plumb Acetas; 
Sul. Zinc, 
Acacia, 

Aqueous Solution of Opium, 
Add rose water to make two pints. 

Gonorrhea. 

Balsam Canada, 
Spirits Nit. Dulc, 
Oil of Turpentine, 
Powdered Gum Camphor, 
Sig. — Teaspoonful three times a day, with the fol- 
lowing : 

Fl. Ex. Hydrastis Canadensis, 1 ounce. 

Sul. Zinc, 3 grains. 

Sig. — Inject every six hours. 



2 drachms. 
2 

2 
2 
Apply often. 

1 ounce. 
4 ounces. 

2 drachms. 
1 drachm. 



COUNTER PRESCRIBING. 



257 



Croup. 




Acidi Tannici, 


2 to 20 grains. 


Aqua, 


1 ounce. 


Use the above as a spray. 




Dyspepsia. 




Ex. Taraxicum 


30 grains. 


^ ' Hydrastis 


30 " 


" Nux. Vomica 


5 ** 


Make twenty pills. 




One pill three times a day. 




External Piles. 




Powdered Opium 


40 grains. 


Plumbi Acetas (powdered) 


30 


Acid (Tannit) 


20 


Nut Galls (pulv.) 


2 


Cerate (simple) 


1 grain. 


Sig. — Apply a portion at night. 




Syphilitic Sore Throat. 


Cyanide of Mercury, 


i grain. 


Aqua Pura 


6 ounces. 


Use as a gargle. 





Pruritis. 

Carb. Bismuth 20 grains. 

Sulp. Morphia 2 

Lime Water 2 ounces. 

Ess. Peppermint 2 ^' 
Apply to the parts without friction. 

Chronic Catarrh. 



■ Fluid Ex. Cimicifuga 

" '' PrunisYirg. 
Dose. Ten drops in water. 



1 ounce, 
1 '' 



258 



COUNTER PRESCRIBIiNG. 



Dysmenorrhea, 

Camphor li- draclims. 

Ex. Belladonna 15 grains. 

Sul. Quinine 15 '' 

Pulv. Acacia sufficient to make 30 pills. 
Take one every 4 hours until relieved, with the fol- 
owing Ointment on the lower part of the abdomen. 
Belladonna Liniment ' 2 drachms. 

Glycerine Ointment 1 ounce. 

-Use in continuance of pain. 



Sig.- 



NAME OF POISONS 

Acid Carbolic, 

'' Chromic and Soluble Salts, 

'' Muriatic, 

'' Nitric, 

'' Nitro Muriatic, 

" Oxalic and Soluble Salts, 

" Prussic and its compounds. 
Cyanides 

Acid Sulphuric (Oil Vitriol,) 
Aconite and its preparations, 
Antimony compounds of. 
Arsenic its preparations and compound special. 
Baryta and compounds. Group 8 

Belladonna and preparations, " 7 

Canfcharides, " 2 

Caustic Ammonia Potass etc, " 3 



Group 1 


'' 2 


1 


1 


1 


(Special.) 


Group 4 


" 1 


u -J 


'' 2 



NAME OF POISONS, 259 



Chloral Hydrate, " 4 

Chloroform, '' 4 

Cobalt, '' 1 

Cocculas Indiciis, '' 6 

Colchicum and preparations, '' 6 

Copper compounds of, " 2 

Cotton Root and preparations, " 5 

Creasote, " 1 

Calabar Bean and its preparations, " 6 

Cannabis Indica and preparations, " 6 

Digitalis and preparations, '' 7 

Delphinia, " 2 

Ergot and its preparations, " 7 

Ether and Comp Spirits Ether, ^' 5 

Elaterium, " 4 

Gelseminum and its preparations, '' 6 

Hemlock, " 6 

Henbane, '' 7 

Iodine, '' 1 

Lead and its compounds, " 8 

Lobeha and its preparations, " 7 

Mercury and its compound, " 2 
Nux Vomica and its preparations 

including Strychnia, " 7 

Nicotine, " 7 
Opium and its preparations including 

Morphia, Group 6 

Oil Bitter Almonds also water of, "4 
Oil Croton, Pennyroyal, Savin, Tansy, Eue, 

'' 1 

Phosphorous and its preparations, " 1 

Santonine, " 6 

Silver Nitrate of (Lunar Caustic) Special. 

Stramonium and its preparations, Group 7 

Sulphurets of the Alkalies, '' 5 



26o NAME OF POISONS. 

Tin. Muriate solution of, Grouj^ 1 

Veratrnm Yeride and its preparations, " 7 
Album', (White Hellebore) " 7 
Veratrine, " 7 

Zinc and its compound, " 2 

Treatment. 

For poisons belonging to group I. 

Give white of eggs or flour 'mixed with water, then 
cause vomiting by giving a teaspoonful of ground 
mustard and abundant draughts of warm water, give 
strong soap suds, chalk or soda with milk, demulcent 
drinks of flaxseed or slippery elm. 

Group 2. Give white of eggs or flour mixed with 
with water then cause vomiting with teaspoonful 
ground mustard and abundant draughts of warm water, 
give strong tea or coffee with milk demulcent drinks 
of flaxseed or slippery elm. 

Group 3. Give Vinegar Oil and milk. 

Group 4. Apply cold effusions to the head, give 
stimulants, apply mustard poultice to the stomach, 
wash with Spirits Camphor or vinegar, arouse the 
patient, give plenty of fresh air artificial respiration. 

Group 5. Cause vomiting by giving a teaspoonful 
of ground mustard and abundant draughts of warm 
water api^ly cold effusions ; wash with Spirits Camphor, 
arouse the patient, give plenty of fresh air, artificial 
respiration. 

Group 6. Cause vomiting by giving teaspoonful of 
ground mustard, abundant draughts of warm water, 
give strong cold tea or cofiee. Apply cold effusions, 
keep the patient in constant motion give demulcent 
drinks of flaxseed or slippery elm. 

Group 7. Cause vomiting by giving teaspoonful of 
mustard and abundant draughts of warm water, give 



NAME OF POISOXS. 261 

strong cold tea or coffee and powdered charcoal, give 
stimulants and demulcent drinks, apply warmth to the 
extremities, the recumhent position should be main- 
tained. 

Group 8. Give epsom salts freely dissolved in water, 
then cause vomiting by giving teaspoonful of ground 
mustard and abundant draughts of w^arm water, give 
milk or demulcent drinks. 

For Oxalic Acid and its soluble salts give chalk, 
lime, whitewash from the wall or powdered wall 
plaster with water or lime water, give one ounce 
Castor Oil. 



ESSENTIAL OILS, 

The following list, taken from the proceedings of 
the Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Association will be 
found very useful when undertaking to test the essen- 
tial oils for adulterations. The list includes all oils of 
more or less importance, together with their chief im- 
purities. 

Oil of anise, the finer Russian quality, with the 
Chinese oil of star anise. 

Oil of bay with oils of pimento, clover and nutmeg. 

Oil of bergamot, w^hen high in price, with the cheap- 
er oil of sweet orange. 

Oil of cade with common tar. 

Oil of caje])ut with camphor, dissolved in oil of tur- 
pentine. 

Oil of caraway with oil of the chaff. 

Oil of cardamon with oil of cajeput and camphor. 

Oil of cassia with fixed oils. 

Oil of cedar with oil of turpentine. 



262 ESSENTIAL OILS. 



Oil of Ceylon cinnamon with oil of cassia and oil of 
cinnamon leaves. 

Oil of croton with cheaper fixed oils. 

Oil of cubeb with oil of copaiba. 

Oil of rose geranium with the cheaper oil of ginger 
grass. 

Oil of hemlock with oil of turpentine. 

Oil of juniper berries with that of the wood, and the 
latter with oil of turpentine. 

Oil of lemon with alcohol and castor oil; also fixed 
oils. 

Oil of neroli with petit grain and bergamot. 

Oil of patchouly with oils of cedar wood, copaiba 
and cubebs. 

Oil of peppermint with oils of turpentine, pennyroyal, 
and arbor vitae. 

Oil of orange with alcohol and fixed oils. 

Oil of petit grain with oils of sweet orange and ber- 
gamot. 

Oil of rose with oils of citronella, cubeb, rose ge- 
ranium, copaiba, and also with spermaceti. 

Oil of rosemary flowers with oils of cheaper grades. 

Oil of sassafras with kerosene and oil of turpentine. 

Oil of sandalwood with balsam copaiba and oil of 
Florida cedar. 

Oil of spearmint with oils of pennyroyal and turpen- 
tine. 

Oil of thyme with oil of turpentine. 

Oil of verbena with that of lemon grass. 

Oil of wintergreen wdth those of turpentine, birch, 
and also alcohol. 
The well-known adulterations of musk generally con- 
sist of dried blood, and also the same article exhaust- 
ed with alcohol; while for civet the principal adulter- 
ation is stated as honey. 



DOSE FOR IXHALATIOX 



26- 



Oil of bitter almonds with oil of niirbane, and also 
inferior qualities from apricot and peacli kernels. 
Oil of amber with crude petroleum. 



DOSE FOR INHALATION 



Quantity for two Ounces Distilled Watei 


r, , 


Acid Carbol, 


Grains, 


3 20 


'' Lactic, 


a 


15 60 


'' Tannic, 


a 


5-85 


Alum, 


i i 


5-40 


iVmmonia Chlor, 


it 


4-30 


Cannebis Ind, 


cc 


5 50 


Belladonna Tinct., 


u 


25-40 


Hydrastis CannExt., 


u 


60 


Iron Chlor Tinct., 


u 


15-25 


Lime Water. 


Undiluted. 


Ipecac fi. Ext., 


Grains, 


35 


Iodine, 


u 


\ 


Morph Sulph., 


ii 


1- 2 


Opium Tinct., Deod., 


u 


40-60 


Potass Chlo., 


ii 


20-30 


Potass Permang, 


ii 


10-15 


Lead Acetate, 


Ii 


2- 5 


Silver Nitrate, 


ii 


2-15 


Zinc Sulph., 


ii 


5-20 


Tar Water. 


Undiluted. 


Table of Maximum 


Doses. 






Single 


For a 




Dose 


Day 




Grain . 


Grain. 


Acid arsenics, 


1-13 


3-10 



264 TABLE OF MAXIMUM DOSES. 



Acid, carbol. 


1 1-2 


7 1-2 


" liydrocyan dil , 


3-4 


3 


Aconitin, 


1-lG 


9-20 


Aconit, rad, 


1 1-2 


9 1-2 


Antim, etpot, tartr, 


3 


7 1-2 


Apomorpli., liydr, 


3-20 


3-4 


Argent, nitr, 


9-20 


3 


Arsen., jodid, 


3-8 


3-4 


Atropin and its salts. 


1-64 


1-22 


Bellad., fol, 


3 


9 1-4 


rad. 


1 1-2 


6 


Caffein, 


3 


9 1-4 


Cambogia, 


4 1-2 


15 3-8 


Cantharides, 


3-4 


2 1-3 


Chloral, 


46 


92 


Codein, 


3-4 


3 


Colocynthin, 


4 1-2 


15 3-8 


Coniin, 


1-64 


1-22 


Conium leaves, 


4 1-2 


30 


Creasot, 


1 1-2 


7 1-2 


Cnpri, acet. 


1 1-2 


6 


siilph. 


1 1-2 


6 


^' " emetic, divided 






doses, 


15 


— 


Digitalis leaves. 


3 


. 15 3-8 


Ergot, 


15 3-8 


77 


Extr. Aeon., fol. 


1 1-2 


6 


^' rad. 


3-10 


1 1-2 


" Belladon, 


3-4 


3 


" Cannab., Ind, 


1 1-2 


6 


'' Colch.,acet, 


3 


12 1-3 


^' Colocynth, 


3-4 


3 


^' Conii, 


2 3-4 


9 1-4 


'' Digitalis, 


3 


15 3-8 


'' Hyoscyami, 


3 


15 3-8 



TABLE OF MAXIMUM 


DOSES. 


265 


Extr. NuxYom, 


3-4 


2 1-3 


" Physostigm, 


310 


9-10 


'' Sabinae, 


3 


15 


'' Stramon. fol, 


1 1-2 


6 


" " semin, 


3-4 


3 3-4 


Hellebor., virid. rad, 


4 1-2 


18 1-2 


Hydrag. Chlor. corros, 


9-20 


1 1-2 


lod. rubr, 


9-20 


1 1-2 


cc ^-^.^ 


3-4 


3 


Oxid, 


9-20 


1 1-2 


Hyoscyam leaves, 


4 1-2 


23 


Iodoform, 


3 


15 1-2 


Iodine, 


3-4 


3 


Lactucamim, 


4 1-2 


23 


Liq. Pot. arsen, 


7 1-2 


30 


Morpliiue, 


9-20 


1 1-2 


Nux Yomica, 


1 1-2 


3 


Oil, Croton, 


3-4 


1 1-2 


Opium, 


2 1-3 


7 1-2 


Phosphorus, 


1-64 


1-13 


Physostigmat. salicyl, 


1-64 


1-22 


Pilocarp. hydrochl, 


9-20 


9-10 


Plumbi Acet, 


1 1-2 


7 1-2 


Potas. Cyanid, 


9-20 


1 7-8 


Santonin, 


1 1-2 


4 1-2 


Stramon, fol, 


3 


15 3 8 


'' sem, 


3 


12 1-3 


Strychnia, 


1-6- 


3-10 


Tinct. Aeon, rad, 


2 1-4 


7 1 2 


Belladon, 


15 


61 


Cantharid, 


15 


46 


Colohic, 


20 


61 


'' Digitalis, 


15 


50 


^' Iodine, 


3 


15 


^' Lobelia, 


7 1-2 


38 



266 TABLE OF MAXUru^I DOSES. 



Tinct. Nux Yomic, 


7 1-2 


15 


*' Opium, 


23 


77 


*^ Stramon, 


15 


46 


** Veratr. vir, 


7 1-2 


30 


Toxicodendr. fol, 


6 


18 


Yeratrin, 


1 1-3 


3-10 


Veratr. alb, or virid, 


4 1-2 


18 


Yin, Colchic, 


20 


61 


Zinci. Chlor, 


2-9 


1 1-2 


'' Lactas, 


9-10 


4 1-2 


** {Sulphas, 


9 10 


4 1-2 



*' emetic, divided 
doses, 15 3-8 — 

Yalerian, 9-10 4 1-2 



1 



STRENGTH OF SOME PREPARATIONS, 

In answer to the charge that the strength of 
many i)reparations has been augmented in U. S. P. 
of '80, we introduce the following table to show that 
such changes are really few in number, and those 
changes really unimportant, while a second schedule 
exhibits all the important changes in the opposite 
direction. 

Strength has been increased in 



Dose of ihe Old. Dose if the New' 



Solution of Arfcnious Acid, 
Fowlers Solution, 
Tincture of Opium, 
Tincture of Aloes, 
Tincture rf Cantharides, 
Tincture of Capsicum, 
Tincture of Lobelia, 



mmims. 



I to 6 fl. drs. 
ID minims. 



4/i 

II " 

^ to 2 fl. ds. 
7 minims. 

14 *' 

30 " 



Strens'th has been decreased in 



D se of the Old. Dose of the New. 



Vinegar *of Lobelia, 
" Opium, 

" Sanguinaria, 

" Squill, 

Tincture of Aconite, 

" Cannabis Indica, 

" Nux Vomica, 

" Sttamonium, 

" Veratrum Viride, 

Wine of Opium, 



40 minims. 


55 


minims. 


7 


II 




15 


20 


" 


15 


20 


" 


2V, " 


3 


" 


22 " 


17 


" 



Abbreviations Used in Prescriptions- 

In all working formulas, the author says, the word 
parts may be understood to mean grains, or grams, 01 
pennyweights, without changing the result. 

A A. Aana,of each ingredient 

Artemsecumdem, with care. 

Ad libit, ad libitum, at pleasure. 

Add or ad, adde, by adding. 



268 ABBREVIATIONS. 



Adeps,adeps suillus, hog's lard. 
Alter, allernis lioris, every other hour, 
Aq bull, aqua buUens, boiling water. 
Aq dest, aqa destillata, distilled water. 
Aq fluv, aqua fluviatilis, river water. 
Aq font, aqua fontana, spring water. 
Aq gel, aqua gelidus, cold water. 
Aq mar, aqua mamia, sea water. 
Bib, bibe, drink then. 
Bis bis indies, twice a day. 
Bull, bulliens, boiling. 
Cataplasma, a poultice. 
Chart a, a powder in paper, a paper. 
Co, compositus, compound. 
Coch, cochleare, a spoonful. 
Cochamp, cochleare amplum, a large spoonful. 
Coch inf, cochleare infinitus, a small teaspoon. 
Colat, colatus, strained. 
Comp, compositus, compound. 
Cong, congius, a gallon. 
Cort, cortex, bark. 
Cras, crastinus, tomorrow. 
Cui, cujus, of which. 
Dec, decant, pour off. 
Dil, dilue, dilute. 
Decoct, decoctum, a decoction. 
Dim, dimedius, one-half. 
Ejudem ejusdem, of the same. 
Emp, emplastrum, a plaster. 
Enem, enema, a clyster. 
Exhib, exhibeatur, let it be taken. 
Fac, make thou. 

F. H. fiat haustus, let a draught be made. 
F. M.fiat mustura, make a mixture. 
F. S. A. fiat secumdem let it be made artis, very 
carefully. 



ABBREVIATION'S 26g 

F. pil,iac pilulas, make pills. 

Fil, liltruni, a filter. 

Fol, follinm, a leaf. 

Ft, feat, fiant, let it be made. 

Gargarisma, a gargle. 

Genu, the knee. 

Gr, a grain. 

Gr. vj pond., grana sex ponder, six gr. by weight. 

Gtt. Gutta, a drop; guttse, drops. 

Gutt, quibusd., guttis quibusdam, with afew drops. 

Gnttat, guttatim, by drops. 

H Habeat, let him have, he may have. 

Hord decubitus, at bed time. 

H D H. S. hord somni, at the hour of sleep. 

Har pil sum iij., let three of these pills be taken. 

Hb. herba, a herb. 

Hirudo, a leech. 

Hor lima mat., at 11 a. m. 

Hor interm, in the intermediate hours. 

Hor. un spat., at the expiration of an hour. 

Hydr., hydrargyrum, mercury. 

Hydr. bic. hydragyric bichloridum, corrosive subli- 
mate. 

Hydrargyri bicyanidum, per cyanide of mercury. 

Ignis, fire. 

In pulmento, in gruel. 

Ind. Indies, from day to day. 

Julepun, julapun; a julep. 

Kal. ppt., prepared kali, potassium carbonate. 

Asinium, asses' milk. 

Lac B., lac bovis, cow's milk. 

Caprae seu c appellee, goat's milk. 

Ovillum seu ovinum, ewe's milk. 

Lac Y., lac vaccae, cow's milk. 

Lat. dol., lateri dolenti, to the painful or affected 
ide. 



270 ABBREVIATIONS. 

Lenis, gentle. 

M. B., misce bene, mix well. 

M. P. massa pilularum, a pill mass. 

M. diet., more dicto, in the way directed. 

Menth p., mentha piperita, peppermint. 

Mentha pulegium, pennyroyal. 

M. pan., mica panis, breadcrumbs. 

Man., manipulus, a handful. 

Mane pr., mane primo, very early in the morning. 

Min., minutnm, aminute. 

Mitt., mitte, send. 

Mittatur, mittantur, let it or them be sent. 

Mor. diet., more dicto, in the manner directed. 

Mor. sol., more solito, in the usual manner. 

Mr., mistura, a mixture. 

Ng., niger, black. 

Nisi, unless. 

No., numero, in number. 

0., octavius, a pint. 

Oculus,the eye. 

O.M., omne mane, every morning. 

O.N., omne nocte, every night. 

O. alt.hor.. omnibus alternis horis, every alternate 
hour. 

Omn. bid., omni biduo, every two days. 

Qmn. bill., omnibihorio, every two hours. 

Omn. hor., omni hora, every hour. 

Omn. man., omni mane, every morning. 

Omn. noct., omni nocte every night. 

Omn. quadr. hor., every quarter of an hour. 

Ov., ovum, an egg. 

Oz., the ounce avoirdupois, as distinguished from 
the troy or apothecaries' ounce. 

P. se., partes aquales, equal parts. 

P. c, pordus civile, civil weight, apothecaries' 
weight. 



ABBREVIATIONS. 271 



P. d., per deliquim, by deliquescence. 

P. r. n., pro re nata, occasionally. 

P. rat. aet., pro ratione aetatis, according to the age 
of the patient. 

Part, af!., partem affectam, the i:>art affected. 

Part, dolen., partem dolentem, the part in pain. 

Part, vic.^ partitis Ticibus, in divided doses. 

Past., pastillus, a lozei]ge, pastille. 

Pectus, the breast, chest. 

Per. op. emet., when the operation of the emetic is 
finished. 

Per salt., per saltum, by leaps. 

Plen. riv., pleno rivo, in a full stream. 

Pocii., i30ciilum, a little cup. 

PocuL, poculum, a cup ; a teacup holds 4 to 6fi oz. 

Ppt., praeparata, prepared. 

Pr., mane pr., very early in the morning. 

Prandium, dinner. 

Pro. pot. com., for a common drink. 

Prox. luc, proximaluce, on the next day. 

Pug., pugillus, a pinch. 

Pulv. pulvis, a powder. 

Pv., parvus, small. 

Q., quantum, as much. 

Quorum, of which. 

Q.p., quantum placet, as miich as you please. 

Q.q.h., quaque quatuor horse, every four hours. 

Q.S., as much as is sufficient. 

Quor., quorum, of which. 

Kedig in pulv., let it be reduced to powder. 

Keg. hep., regio hepatis, the region of the liver. 

Eeg. umbil., regio umbilici, the umbilical region. 

Kepet., let it be repeated. 

S.a., secundum artem, according to art. 

S.G., specific gravity. 



272 ABBREV.ATIONS. 

S. N., secundum naturam, according to nature. 

S. 0. s., opus sit, if there be occasion. 

S. s. s., stratum super stratum, layer upon layer. 

S. s., semis, seu semissis, half. 

S. v., spiritus vini, spirits of wine. 

Spiritus vinosus, ardent spirits of any sort. 

S. Y. m., methylated spirit. 

S. V. r., spiritus vini rectificatus, rectified spirits. 

S. V. t., spiritus vini tenuoir, proof spirit. 

Scat., scatula, a box. 

Scrob. cord., scrobiculius cordis, the pit of the 
stomach. 

Semidr., semidrachma, half a drachm. 

Semih., semlhora, half an hour. 

Seij., luce, sequenti luce, the following day. 

Sesunc, sesuncia, an ounce and a half. 

Sesquih., sesquihora, an hour and a half. 

Si n. val., si non valeat, if it does not answer. 

Si op. sit., si opus sit, if there be occasion. 

Sivir.perm., si vires permittant, if the strength 
permit. 

Signat., signatura, a label. 

Sig. n. pr., signetur nomine proprio., let it be written 
upon or signed with the proper, and not the trade, 
name. 

Sing., singulorum, of each. 

Sod. chlor., chlorinated soda. 

Ss., semis, semissis, half. 

St., stet, stent, let it (them) stand. 

Sternum, the breast-bone, chest. 

Sub. fin. coct., when the boiling is nearly finished. 

Sulph., sulphur. 

Trit., rub to a powder. 

Tinct., tincture. 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAS 

Syrup of Wild Cherry and Hoarhound. 

Wild Cherry in coarse powder, 4 ounces. 

Hoarhound, 1 ounce. 

Glycerine, 1 " 

Alcohol, 1 " 

Sugar, 12 ounces. 

Water q. s. to make 16 " 

"'MixTEe glycerine and alcohol with 8 ounces of 
water; moisten the Wild Cherry and Hoarhound with 
2 ounces of this mixture, pack in a cylindrical perco- 
lator tightly covered; after 24 hours maceration pro- 
ceed with percolation, using the remainder of the 
menstruum and afterward sufficient w^ater to make 10 
fluid ounces of percolate ; in this dissolve the sugar 
by agitation, without heat, and strain. 

Expeditious Proces3 forTinctura Opil Camphorata- 
Powdered Opium (M . 5) 2" troy ounce. 

Benzoic acid, J " " 

Camphor, 160 grains. 

Oil of anise, 4 fl. drachms. 

Clarified honey, 8 troy ounces. 

Boiling water, 70 fl. ounces. 

Stronger alcohol, 58 ^' " 

Water, . sufficient. 

Pour the boiling water upon the opium in a suitable 
vessel, digest the mixture, with frequent stirring, for 
a half-hour, at a temperature of 170' to 190"-^ Fahr. 
Then transfer the mixture to a suitable bottle, add to 
it the alcohol, and to the whole add enough water to 



274 ^IISCELLANEOUS. 



make 8 pints. Dissolve the camphor in the oil of anise 
with the aid of a mortar, and to the solution add the 
benzoic acid, and rub well. To this mixture gradu- 
ally add the hone3^ and triturate thoroughly until a 
smooth mixture is formed. Lastly, add the mixture 
to the 8 pints of menstruum, shake vigorously, and 
filter through paper. 

The objectionable elements of the opium may be 
avoided by straining the digested opium, while the 
solution is hot through muslin with strong expres- 
sion, the residum to be rubbed by means of a spatula 
or between the hands, to a uniform consistence; then 
pack it properly in a glass percolator, and gradually 
pour upon it 1 pint of the strained liquid, and when it 
has all passed below the surface, continue the percola- 
tion with water until 1 pint is obtained. Add this to 
the remainder of the strained liquid, and add then 
sufficient water to make 70 fluid ounces. To this add 
the stronger alcohol and mix well. The balance of the 
process is similar to the foregoing. 

Dried opium should be used. Sugar should not be 
substituted for the honey, as the latter is better 
adapted to making a good and permanent solution, 
and its agreeable taste also recommends it. 

Boschee's German Syrup. 

Oil of Tar, 1 drachm. 

Fl. Ext. Wild Cherry, 6 drachms. 

'' " Ipecac, 4 

Tr. Opium, 4 

Water, 8 

Sugar, 14 • 

Carbonate Magnesia, 3 

Eub the Oil of Tar very thoroughly with the mag- 
nesia in a mortar, mix the fluid extracts with the 
water, stir thoroughly, filter and pass enough fluid 



^IISCELLAXEOUS. 275 



through the filter paper to make the filtrate measure 
10 fluid ounces; in this dissolve the sugar by agita- 
tion. 

Kennedy's Medical Discovery. 

The greatest medical discovery of the age, Mr. 
Kennedy, of Roxbury, has discovered in one of our 
common weeds (that cures every kind of humor from 
the worst scrofula to a common pimple. 

Fl. Ext. Mandrake, 10 fl. drachms. 

" " Dandelion, 1 *^ ounce. 

" 'V Leptandrin, o "drachms. 

AlcoTiol, 5 " ounces. 

Water q s, 1 pint. 

Mix, stir in a little pumice stone and filter, passiag 
enough 35i alcohol through the filter paper to make 
the filtrate measure, 1 pint. 

Price's Pile Ointment. 



English Calomel, 


1 drachm 


Powdered Opium , 


i ounce. 


Pure carbonate of lead, 


1 pound. 


Oxide of Zinc, 


i-H 


Olive Oil, 


2 " 


Fresh lard. 


2 " 


Mix by trituration. 





Soap for Removing Stains from Clothing. 

Ozgall, 10 ounces. 

Stearin Soap, 9 '^ 

Borax powdered, 1 " 

Alcohol, Ij ounces." 

Mix the first three ingredients at a slightly elevated 
temperature ; then add the alcohol, transfer the whole 
to aflat hottomed vessel, and when cold, cut the soap 
into pieces. 



276 >JISCELLANEOUS. 

Stearic Soap. 

Stearic Acid, 2 troy ounces. 

Garb Soda Cryst, 500 grains. 

Water, 8 ounces . 

Alcohol, 2 fl. drachms. 

Sodium Chlorate, 4 drachms. 

Dissolve 540 grains soda in 6 ounces of water, trans- 
fer this solution to steam bath, and add the Stearic 
Acid with agitation, then the alcohol, cover the vessel 
and let it remain on bath for six hours ; to separate 
the Boap add the chlorate and remaining carbonate 
dissolved in the remaining water, strain, and when 
cold, press out the remaining moisture. 
Gilding Powder. 

Chloride of Gold, 4 parts. 

Cyanide of Potassium, 12 " 

Water, 20 '' 

Bitartrate Potassium, * 1 part. 

Prepared Chalk, 20 parts. 
Mix the ingredients and apply with friction with a 
bit of flannel. 

Embalming Fluid, 

Thymol, 15 grains. 
Alcohol, 3 fl. drachms. 

Glycerine, 10 " ounces. 
Water, 5 '' 

Dissolve the Thymol in the alcohol, add the glyce- 
rine and then the water. 

Himrod's Asthma Cure. 

Pulv. Lobelia, 2 ounces. 

" Stramonium, 2 " 

" Nitrate of Potash, 2 '* 

" Black tea, 2 
Mix, and sift well. 



MISCELLANEOUS 277 

Warner's Kidney Cure. 

Powdered Nit Potassa, 320 grains. 

Liverwort, 1 ounce. 

Water, sufficient- 

Alcohol, 2 ounces. 

Glycerine, _ U 

Essence Wintergreen, 40 dro])s. 

Infuse tlie liverwort with one pint of hot water for 
two hours, strain and filter. Dissolve the nit potass 
in the liquid, when cold add the alcohol, glycerine and 
essence of wintergreen, and make up the measure to 
one pint. This when made up and placed beside 
Warner's article, it was said w^ould puzzle a Dutch 
judge to say which was t'other. 

Thomas' Electric Oil. 
Gum Camphor, ^ ounce. 

Oil Gaultheria, i " 

'^ Origanum, I " 

Chlorolorm, 1 " 

Laudanum, 1 " 

Oil Sassafras, 1 

'' Hemlock, 1 

" Turpentine, 1 '' 

Bals. Fir, 1 

Tr. Guaiacum, 1 " 

'' Catechu, 1 

Alcohol, 4 pints. 

Alkanet sufficient to color. 

Castor Oil and Glycerine. 

A mixture which is of an agreeable flavor, and in 
which the nauseous smell of the oil is efficiently dis- 
guised, can he made as follows: 

01. ricini, 1 drachm. 

Glycerine, 1 ounce. 

Tr. aurantii, 20 drops. 

Tr. senegge, 5 '' 

Aquae cinnam, j ounce. 



278 MISCELLANEOUS 



This forms a beautiful eiunlsion, is easily taken, 
even by children, and if administered at bedtimes will 
produce a gentle motion the following morning. 
How to Make a Hektograph. 

In a shallow tin pan with square bottom and of con- 
venient size is poured, while hot, a mixture composed 

of 

Gelatin, 1 ounce. 

Molasses, 1 " 

Glycerine, 9 /' 

By weight. 

When cold and firm the surface is slightly mois- 
tened with a damp sponge, and the original, previous- 
ly written with the ink, is laid on this for a few 
minutes, being pressed smoothly, then carefully re- 
moved, starting with a corner. It is now ready for 
copying, and in the first copies taken the paper must 
be laid on gently to prevent blotting. When no more 
copies are desired the ink can be removed with a wet 
sponge. After continued use, when the mass becomes 
rough, it can be melted and worked over. 

The following is a cheap and very good formula : 
Glue, 7 ounces. 

Glycerine, 30 " 

Carbolic acid, , 2 

Sulphur, 1 dram. 

The glue should be soaked in water several hours 
before it is melted with the glycerine. Barium sul- 
phate is also an addition. 

The ink is made from aniline, as follows : 

Aniline, red or violet, 2 drams. 

Alcohol, 1 '^ 

Acetic acid, dil., 1 '" 

Water, 7 '' 

Dissolve. 



MISCELLAXEOUS, 



179 



Tlie petroleum and coal benzine solutions turn pink, 
and a 5 per cent, solution in choloform dark red , 
thereby indicating that a certain amount of decompo- 
sition has taken place. 

To Free Glucose FromLime. 

After the solution of the grape sugar has been 
neutralized with chalk and filtered, an excess of 
oxalate baryta is added to the same and then boiled 
down. The solution after filtration is now free of 
gypsum. 

Gilbert's Syrup. 

Biniodide of mercury, 15 grains; Iodide of potassum. 
Simple syrup or elixir, 72 troy ounces mix. Dose, one 
tablespoonful. 

Analysis of Soapine. 

Fatty acids, 35.0 

Combined alkali, 5.2 

Free Carbonate of soda, 39.5 

Sulphate of soda, trace. 

Water, 20.3 

Boracic Add. 

Generally there is a tendency to assume that bor- 
acic is non-poisonous, but Dr. L. E. Malodenkow, of 
Moscow, reports two cases of death from poisoning 
by boracic acid, following the use of a 5 per cent so- 
lution in washing out a plural cavity. The symptoms 
were persistant vomiting, hiccough, erythema begin- 
ning on the face a slight temporary rise of temerature 
and a diminutation of the heart action. 

Dissolve gelatine in a water both in its own weight 
of strong vinegar and quarter of its w^eight of alcohol 
and a very little alum added. The above is an excel- 
lent glue. 



28o MISCELLANEOUS. 



Soluble Tincture Toiu. 

Glycerine, 12 fl ounces, 

Magnes carb, 2 drams. 
Tolu, 3 troy ounces. 

Alcohol, 6 fl ounces. 
Water sufficient. 

Syrup Dover's Powders. 

Extract opium, 32 grains. 

Extract Ipecac, 64 '' 

Sugar, 12 ounces. 

Water, 16 " 

Dissolve the extracts in the water and filter, ad- 
ding sufficient water through the filter to make 8 fluid 
ounces. In this dissolve the sugar without heat, 
strain, and add water to make 16 fl. ounces. This 
preparation contains one-half grain each of Opium and 
Ipecac in each fl. drachm, representing five grains of 
.Dover's powder. 

Silver Plating; Powder. 



Silver Chloride, 


60 grains. 


Potassium Bitartrate, 


390 '' 


Sodium Chloride, 


180 '' 


Mix. 





The powder is made into cream with water and 
the article to be plated is either covered with the paint 
by means of a brush or immersed in the mixtures for 
a short time, then, after being dried, it is rubbed off 
and the article polished with prepared chalk. Another 
formula is : Silver nitrate, potassium, cyanide, chalk 
and water, used same as above, Solution of Mercury 
are also used, but such plating oxidises in a short 
time. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 281 



Brandreth's Pills. 

Ext. Colocynth, 20 grains. 

Aloes Socotrine, 120 " 

Gamboge, 60 " 

Castilesoap, 30 " 

Oil Peppermint, 2 drops. 

'^ Cinnamon, 1 drop. 

Powdered acacia and alcohol aa. q. s. mt. ft. pil. No. 
80. Dose 1 to 3. 

Cigar Flavoring, 

Valerian, 4 ounces. 

Orris root, 4 '' 

Tonqila, 4 '' 

Vanilla, 2 drams. 
Jamaica rum q. s. to make 8 pints. 

Cement for Porcelain Letters on Glass. 



Silicate of soda (water glass) 1 ounce. 

Chalk in powder, j '' 
Mix and apply at once. 

Letharge, 1 ounce. 
Glycerine q. s. to make a paste. 

The Four Chlorides. 

Corrosive sublimate, 1 grain. 

Solution xVrsenious Chloride, 1 11. dram. 

Tincture Chloride Iron, 4 fl. drams. 

Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, 4 fl. drams. 

Simple Syrup, ' 3 11. ounces. 

Water sufficient to make 6 H. ounces. 

A powerful alterative, e. g. in Chlorosis, Syphilis, 
etc. 



282 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Peacock's Bromides. 




Ammonia, 


384 . "' 


Calcium, 


192 


Lithium, 


64 


Extract of Vanilla, 


1 fl. oz. 


Sugar, 


10 av. oz. 


Water sufficient to make 


16 11. ozs. 



Dissolve the salts in 8 ounces of water, the ex- 
tract mixed in the liquid filter. Dissolve the sugar 
without heat and strain. 

To Test the Purity of Castor Oil. 

Castor oil is frequently adulterated with rape oil, 
but this may be detected by its not dissolving in 
strong alcohol, and also by its less density. Pure 
Castor oil is soluble in an equal weight of Alcohol 
pecific gravity O. 820. 

To Deodorize Be^nzine. 

Shake repeatedly withplumbate of soda and rectify. 
Or, shake repeatedly with fresh portions .pf metallic 
quicksilver; let it stand for two days, and rectify. 

Fluid for Marking Ivory. 

Nitrate of Silver, 2 parts. 

Nitric Acid, 1 part. 

Water, 7 parts. 

Mix. 

To Restore Yellow Ivory to Its Original Whiteness. 



A thin lime paste is prepared in a pot and heated 
over a stove. The ivory is placed in this and left un- 
til white, when it is taken out, dried and polished. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



^83 



Perfume for Tooth Powders. 

Asarum Caiiadense, 

Orris Eoot, 

Strong Alcohol, 
Make a tincture then add. 

Tincture Musk, 

Essence Mille Fleurs, 

Essence Patchouly, 
Mix. 

Orris Tooth Powder. 

Prepared Chalk, 
Powdered Borax, 
Myrrh, 
" . Orris, 
Mix thoroughly and put through a fine silk sieve. 

Violet Tooth Powder. 

Prepared Chalk, 6 ounces. 

Cuttlefish Bone, . 3 " 

Eose Pink, 2 " 

Orris Eoot, 2 " 

Essenc/of Yiolets, 1 drachm. 

Mix thoroughly, put through a fine silk sieve, 
and color with indis'o sufficient to strike a violet tint. 



J ounce. 
2 
8 ounces. 



1 drachm. 



20 drops. 



1 pound. 

b ounces. 
4 " 
4 '' 



Cocoa Soap Tooth Powder. 

Pulverized French Chalk, 
Lily White, 
White Earth, 
Pulverized Sugar, 
Powdered Cocoa Soap, 
Oil of Wintergreen, 
Oil of Eose, 
Oil of Cloves, 
Oil of Sassafras, 
Mix and pulverize thoroughly. 



1 pound. 

1 

1 



ounce. 
drachm. 



284 



^IISCELLANEOUS. 



2j pounds. 

I pound. 
2 pounds. 

J pound. 



drachm 



Rose Tooth Powder. 

Pulverized Corn Starch, 
Pulverized Orris Boot, 
Terra Alba, 

Carbonate of Magnesia, 
French Chalk, 
Oil of Cloves, 
Oil of Kose, 
Oil of Bergamot, 
Mix and pulverize thoroughly. 

Camphorated Tooth Powder. 

Prepared Chalk, 8 ounces. 

Powdered Cuttlefish-bone, 4 " 

Camphor, 1 ounce. 

Oil of Cloves, J drachm. 
Dissolve the Camphor with Alcohol, and then add 

to the remaining ingredients, and mix thoroughly. 

Eau de Botot. 

Star Anise, 1 ounce. 

Cloves, 2 drachms. 

Cinnamon, Ceylon, 2- '' 

Oil of Peppermint, 20 drops. 

Diluted Alcohol, 28 ounces. 
Macerate for eight days, and filter if desired ; this 

may be colored with a little Cochineal, infused with 
other ingredients. 

Peruvian Tooth Powder. 

Pulverized Peruvian Bark, red. 
Pulverized Orris Boot, 
Bole Armenian, 
Prepared Chalk, 
Powdered Myrrh, 
Cassia Bark, 
Otto of Cloves, 
Mix. 



ounces. 



2 

4 

4 

4 

2 '' 

2 

1 drachms. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 285 

Van Buskirk's Sozodont. 

Castile Soap, IJ drachms. 

Glycerine, 11 " 

Alcohol, 1 ounce. 

Soft Water, 4 ounces. 

Oil of Wintergreen, sufficient to flavor. 

'^ '' Cinnamon, " " " 

'' '' Anise, '' " " 

Mix. Accompanying this, is a powder which is 
composed of equal parts of 

Chalk, jjrepared. 

Orris Eoot. 

Carbonate of Magnesia. 

Detergent Mouth Wash. 

Alum, powdered, 30 grains. 

Simple Syrup, 1 ounce. 

Rose Water, 3 ounces. 

Mix. Should the mouth be very sore, dilute with 
w^ater at first, and use pure afterward. 



Mouth Wash. 




Tincture of Orris, 




4 ounces. 


Alcohol, 




4 '' 


Rose Water, 




4 '' 


Otto of Almonds. 




3 drops. 


Mix. 






Charcpal Tooth 


Paste. 




Chlorate of Potassa, 




J drachm. 


Mint Water, 




1 ounce. 


Form a solution then add . 






Powdered Charcoal, 




2 ounces. 


Honey, 




1 ounce. 


Mix thoroughly. 







286 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Iodized Cotton. 

lodiue, 1 part. 

Purified Cotton wool, 12" 

Enclose the Iodine in some filter paper and 
place it at the bottom of a flask with a wide mouth. 
Then introduce the cotton wool and close the flask 
by covering the mouth. Place the flask in a moder- 
ately warm place until tne cotton wool appears to be 
uniformly colored by the iodine. This preparation 
must be kept in stoppered bottles with wide mouths, 
placed in a cold place and out of the light. 
lodoforrr* Cotton. 

Iodoform, 2 parts. 

Ether, 10 " 

Strong Alcohol, 20 '' 

Glycerine, 10 '' 

Purified cotton wool, 30 " 

Dissolve the iodoform in the ether and alcohol 
mixed, add the glycerine to this solution and saturate 
the .cotton wool with this liquid. Let it dry by ex- 
posure to the air. Draw the cotton out and keep it 
in bottles. 

Boracic Acid Cotton. 

Ta.ke piirified cotton wool q. s. 

Boracic acid, 10 parts. 

Water, 90 " 

Dissolve the boracic acid in the water at a tempera- 
ture of 140 Fahr. Saturate the purified cctton wool 
with this solution, press it, dry it, and preserve it in 
bottles having a very wide mouth. 



Salciyiic 


Acid Cotton. 




Purified cotton wool, 




100 parts. 


Salicylic acid. 




10 '' 


Strong spirits, 




100 '' 


Glycerine, 




1 '' 



MISCELLANEOUS. 28- 



Dissolve the salicylic acid in the alcohol, add the 
glcyerine to this solution, saturate the cotton wool 
with the liquid. Press out the superflous liquid and 
dry, etc., as ahove. 

A Useful Solutipn For Many Cum Resins. 

A 7i per cent solution of caustic lime may be used 
for many gum resins, the solution mixing with water 
without precipitation. The following degrees of so- 
lubility have been noted: iVmmoniacum, one part in 
four ; myrrli, one in live; guaiacum, one in seven; 
opium, one in ten; catechu, one in ten; aloes, one in 
fifteen; Assafoetide, one in fifteen. 

Simple Test for Cotton Seed Oil in Olive Oil. 

A solution of acetate of lead mixed with cotton 
seed oil and set aside for a time. The oil, if adul- 
terated, will assume a reddish color. With pure oil 
no such change takes place. 

Thompson's Solution of Phosphorous. 

Phosphorous, 1 grain. 

Absolute Alcohol, ' 5 fl drachms. 

Glycerine, 12 *' 

Alcohol, 2 

Essence of Peppermint, 40 minims. 

The phosphorus is to be first dissolved in the abso- 
lute alcohol with the help of a gentle heat. The 
alcohol and glycerine, previously warmed, are next to 
be added, and lastly the essense of peppermint. 

Note. — Like all preparations of phosphorus, 
ThomT3son's solution is changing and unreliable, but 
one of the best nevertheless. 

Essence Eucalyptus and Cod Liver Oil. 

Mr. Dusquesnel proposes to mask the disagreeable 
flavor of Cod Liver Oil by adding to it 1 per cent, of 
Essence of Eucalyptus. 



288 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Cod Liver Oil with Quinia. 

Sulphate of Quinia, 60 grains. 

Dilute Sulph. Acid, 1 fi ounce. 

Water of Ammonia, q. s. 

Water, q. s. 

Purified Oleic Acid, 1 fi ounce. 

Cod Liver Oil, 29 fl ounces. 

Dissolve the quinine in the dilute sulphuric acid, 
mixed with 4 fluid ounces of water, add a slight 
excess of ammonia, stir well and transfer the precipi- 
tate to a calico filter, wash well, press it between 
folds of filtering pajDer and dry in a water bath; dis- 
solve the quinia alkaloid thus obtained in the oleic 
acid by the aid of a gentle heat, mix while warm with 
5 fluid ounces of Cod Liver Oil (also warm), strain or 
filter through paper if necessary and add the remain- 
der. Each tablespoonful contains quinia equal to one 
grain of the sulphate. 

For Cancer. 
The Medical Gazette gives the following j^rescrip- 
tions as useful in the treatment of Cancer : 

Sanguinarise Canadensis, 12 grains. 

Arsenici iodide, 2 

Ext. conii, 40 

Mix. Divide into 24 pills, one to be taken three 
times a day. 

Bromide chloridi, 3 minims. 

Pulv glycyrrhiza, 60 grains. 

Mix. Divide into 20 pills, of which one is to be taken 

two' or three times daily. 

Powders for Catarrhal Conditions. 

No. 1. 

Benzoini, 1 drachm. 

Morph muriat, 6 grains. 

Bismuth subnitrate, i ounce. 

Potass! nitrate, 2 " 
Mix. 



MISCELLAXEOUS. 289 



Valuable for its seclativu actioii, and to subdue pain. 

No. 2. 
Aluminis, 1 drachm. 

Acaciae, 4 '' 

Bismuth subnitrate, 4 " 

Potassii nitrate, 4 " 

]\Iix. Useful as a strong astringent. 

No. 3. 
Iodoform, 1 dracnm. 

C amphorae, • 1 " 

Bismuth nitat. i ounce. 

A good antiseptic. 
Note.— The powders when impalpable, and with the 
therapeutic integrity of the drugs preserved, can be 
more effectually applied to the nasal passages than 
spray, and their good effect is certainly more pro- 
longed. 

For the general practitioner they are vastly more 
convenient than spray. 

Golden Cerate for Corns. 

•Yellow wax, 5 ounces. 

Sulphate zinc, 678 grains. 

Oxide copper, 220 " 

Verdigris, 220 " 

Borax, 220 '' 

Eed chalk, 678 " 

After a long fatiguing walk the feet, especially the 
heels are effected by a little white blister full of 
serosity, looking like a bulb produced by a bruise. 
Prick it carefully and apply the cerate. 
To Bleach Carbolic Acid. 

Eosolic acid, the coloring matter frequently met 
with in carbolic acid, may be easily separated by 
mixing the carbolic acid with an equal weight of 
glycerine and adding the solution to water. In time 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



a colored layer rises to tlie surface which contains 
most of the rosolic acid. 

To Filter Aqueous Solutions of Opium. 

Filter paper pulp or phosphate of lime are we be- 
lieve the best materials for clearing a solution of 
opium rendered turbid by too large an addition of 
essential oils. Let the solution of opium be left for 
some time in contact with the pulp or phosphate, the 
whole being shaken occasionally and then filtered 
through a filter previously moistened with water. 
How to Purify Cotton Wool. 

Macerate the commercial cotton wool for the space 
of ten minutes in benzine, press out tne liquid and 
allow the wool to dry by exposure to the air. This 
will remove the greasy or fatty matter or resinous 
matters which may be present. 

Logwood in Wine. 

Twenty c. c. of the wine are shaken up with two 
grammes manganese peroxide and filtered. The liquid 
produced, which is brown even if no logwood is pres- 
ent, is treated with zinc and hydrochloric acid. The 
humic compounds are thus converted into haema- 
toxylin, which may be detected by the usual reagents. 

Tamarind Laxative Lozenges. 

Hager gives the following directions for the prepa- 
rations of the laxative known under the various names 
Marmelade de Famarin, Tamar Indien, etc : 

Tamarind pulp, 450 parts. 

White sugar powdered, 40 " 

Milk sugar, 60 '' 

Pure glycerine, 50 " 

Mix. 
Evaporate the mixture at a gentle heat, and with 



50 parts. 


10 - 


3 " 




about Ig- inches 


These are then 



MISCELLANEOUS. 291 

constant stming until it has the consistence of an 
extract ; then mix Trith it . 

Senna in fine powder, 

Anise seed, 

Oleosaccharate of lemon. 

Tartaric acid, 
Boll the mass into 100 lozenges 
long and 1 wide and | in thick. 
sprinkled with distilled water and rolled in a quantity 
of the following powder : Cream tartar, 5 parts, 
White sugar 35, Milk sugar 35, Tragacanth 3, Tartaric 
acic 2, Eed Santal wood 25. Dry for one hour and 
wrap in tin foil. 

Harlem Oil. 

The following formula is published by the Dutch 
Society for the advancement of Pharmacy : 

Sulphurated linseed oil, 1 part . 

Eectified oil of Turpentine, 2 parts. 

The same society gives the following directions for 
making the Sulphurated Linseed Oil : 

Linseed Oil, 1 part. 

Washed Sulphur, 2 parts. 

Mix and heat them together in a porcelain capsule 
at a temperature between 248^ and 266 Dahr. under 
constant stirring until the sulphur dissolves 

It produces a dark brown liquid having a yellow 
color in thin layers, and is completely soluble in Oil 
of Turpentine . 

To Filter Solutions of Senega. 
Beat up the white of an eg,g and add it to the tinc- 
ture before evaporation. The alcohol and heat coagu- 
lates the albumen, this takes up the pectim and leaves 
the liquid in a condition to be filtered without trouble. 



40] 


^ramms, 


160 




130 




160 




140 




600 





292 MISCELLANEOUS. 

Fehling's Solution, 

Fehling's test for grape sugar is one of many modi- 
fications of an old reagent. It is made as follows : 
Crystalized Cupric Sulphate, 
Distilled water, 
Caustic soda, 
Neutral Tartrate Potassa, 

or Cream of Tartar, 
Distilled water, 
Dissolve the cupric sulphate separately in 160 
gramms of water. The other chemicals are dissolved 
in another portion of the water, and the two solutions 
are mixed. After filtering the liquor, enough distilled 
water is added to make the whole measure one liter or 
1000 cubic centemeters. 

Syrup Orange Peel, Fresh. 

Fresh Orange Peel, 2 ounces. 

Alcohol, 2 

Aqua Pura q. s. to percolate, 9 " 

Sugar, 14 

Cut the peel in small pieces, put in mortar, and add 
the alcohol, thoroughly bruise to a pulp, put in a glass 
percolator, add the water to recover 9 ounces, in 
which dissolve the sugar. 

To Remoxe the Smell of Iodoform and Musk from Mortars, 

Etc, 

First clean the mortar and pestle with a dram or so 
of Concentrated Sulphuric Acid brought into contact 
with every part contaminated with foreign matters. 
The vessel being washed in an abundance of water 
and dried, fifteen or twenty drops of nitro-benzine are 
applied to it exactly in the same manner as Sulphuric 
Acid. 

The artificial oil of Bitter Almonds is best removed 
with blottmg paper, and the last adhering drops are 



MISCELLANEOUS. 293 

dissolved out with about one dram of Alcohol, ^yhich 
is used to carefully rinse all the inside of the vessel. 
Water is again applied in abundance, and the last 
trace of Bitter Almond smell disappears on exposure 
to open air . 

It is rather tedious but the work is performed per- 
fectly. 

English Aromatic Vinea:ar. 



Crystalized x\cetie Acid, 


20 ounces. 


Camphor, 


2 


Oil of Lavender, 


10 minims 


Cloves, 


30 


" Cinnamon 


15 


Mix and dissolve. 




Syup Hydriodic Acid. 




Iodine resublimed, 


480 grains. 


Carbon besulphide, 


6 ounces. 


Distilled Water, 


6 '' 



Syrup, qs. ^ 

Suspend the iodine (tied in a piece of mushn) in the 
bisulphide of carbon in a closed vessel, wide-mouthed 
vessel, until it is all dissolved, then add the distilled 
water and pass through the mixture a current of hy 
drosulphuric acid gas until the lower stratum of 
liquid has acquired a pale yellow color. Remove the 
top stratum of liquid (which should be of a slight 
milky color) by using a glass syphon, being careful 
that it is all removed. Filter the liquid thus obtained 
through white filter paper and place in a porcelain 
capsule over a water bath until all odor of hy drosul- 
phuric acid and bisulphide of carbon has disappeared. 
Then set the capsule aside, well covered, until the 
contents have cooled. Then add a sufficient quantity 
of syrup prepared by dissolving four pounds of best 
white sugar, free from coloring matter, in two pints 



2Q4 MISCELLANEOUS. 



of distilled water and strain through muslin to make 
the finished product measure 72 fluid ounces. Pro- 
tect from light, and keep cool. 

Champagne Cider. 

Good ripe cider, 100 gallons. 

Strained honey, 3 '' 

Skimmed milk, 4 pints. 

Cologne spirits, 3J gallons. 

Mix the honey with the cider, set the mixture aside 
for a week and clarify it with the skimmed milk. 
Then add the alcohol, and after three or four days 
bottle the cider, using good corks and fastening them 
with cord or wdre. 

Place the bottles in a cool place and on their side. 
Sugar may be used in place of honey. One gallon of 
honey is equal to about eight pounds of sugar. 

Tinct Kino and Opium Comp. 

/ 

Powdered Opium, 2 drachms. 

Kino, 2 

Camphor, 3 " 

Cloves, 3 

Dilute alcohol, 2 pints. 
Make a tincture by percolation. 

German Bitter Tincture. 

Orange Berries, 2 parts.. 

European Century, 2 " 

Gentian E-oot, 2 '' 

Zedoary Eoot, 1 

Dilute Alcohol, 35 " 

Exhaust by maceration. 

Soluable Prussian Blue. 
The usual process for preparing soluable Prussian 
blue consists in precipitating a ferric salt with an ex- 



MISCELLAXEOUS. 295 

cess of ferrocyanide of x)ottassium and washing the 
precipitate on a filter with distilled water until the 
filtrate begins to show a blue tinge. The precipitate 
is then dried at a gentle heat. Here is an easier 
way : 

Prussian blue, o drachms. 

Ferrocyanide of potassium 2j '' 

Distilled water sufiicient. 
Rub the two salts to a fine powder in a mortar, and 
add from two to four pints of distilled w ater, accord- 
ing to strength, desired, after an hour's contact w^ith 
occasional agitation the clear liquor may be decanted 
or filtered off from the insoluble portions. 

Blue Marking Ink for White Goods. 

Crystalized Nitrate of Silver, 1 dram. 

Water of Ammonia, 3 drams. 

Crystalized Carbonate of Soda, 1 dram. 

Powdered Gum Arabic, Ij " 

Sulphate of Copper, 30 grains. 

Distilled water, 4 drams. 

Dissolve the silver salt in the ammonia ; dissolve 
the bicarbonate of soda, gum arable, and sulphate of 
copper in the distilled w^ater and mix the two solutions 
together. 

Remedy for Hemorrhoids. 

Dr. Pasqua, of Florence, gives the following oint- 
ment as infallible : 

Extract of Belladonna, 5 grams. 

Iodoform, > -, • 

Acetate of Lead, S ^ 

Petroleum jelly, 1 dram. 

Make into an ointment to be applied three or four 
times a day. 



2q6 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Colors For Show Botth 

Pale Blue — Sulphate of Copper, 
Sulphuric Acid, 
Water, 

PuEPLE Blue — Sulphate Copper, 
Ammonia, 
Water, 



1 pound. 
1 ounce. 
12 to 16 pints. 

2 to 4 drams. 

1 to 2 ounces 

12 to 16 pints. 

1 pound. 
1 '' 
12 to 16 pints. 

1 dram. 

q. s. 

q. s. 

12 to 16 pints 

6 ounces. 
4 
12 pints. 



Geeen — Sulphate of Copper, 
Muriatic Acid, 
Water, 

Bed — Carbonate of Cobalt, 
Muriatic Acid, 
Carbonate of Ammonia, 
Water, 

Yellow — Bicarbonate Potassa, 
Carbonate of Potassa, 
Water, 

Note . — In cold weather they must be protected 
against freezing by substituting equal parts of alcohol 
and glycerine for a portion of the water directed. 

Comp Resin Cerate. 

Kesin, 12 troy ounces. 

Yellow wax, 7 " 

Turpentine, 6 '' " 

Lard, 24 " 

Melt them together, strain the mixture through 

muslin and stir constantly until cool. 

Basham's Mixture. 

Tincture Muriate of Iron, 

Dilute Acetic Acid, 

Solution Acetate Ammonia, 

Curacoa Cordial, > ^p ^^^ 
o- TO ' ^ 01 each, 

bnnpb Syrup, S ' 

Water, 



1 dram. 
1 " 
4 " 

4 " 
4 " 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



297 



Mistura Apii Composita. 

Fluid Ext. Coco, 2 ounces. 

'^ " Viburnum, 1 ounce. 

" " Opium Graveolens, 1 '' 

Note. — This mixture is designated Mistura Apii 
Composita for convenience and forms, an excellent 
nerve sedative and tonic. 

The dose is from 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls three times a 
day. 

Mrs. Allan's Hair Restorer. 



Sulph. Precip, 




26 grains . 


Pulv . Acacia, 




3 '' 


Glycerine, 




li oz weight. 


Plumb Acet. Cryst. 




41 grains. 


Aqua distil, 




2|- ounces. 


Aromatize with any { 


^ood perfume. 


The Sugar of 



Lead and the Sulphur are first rubbed together then 
the Cassia and the water and glycerine added. 



Tinct. Cardamon Comp. 



Car dam on, 

Cinnamon, 

Caraway, 

Cochineal, 

Alcohol, 

Glycerine, 

Water, 



4 parts- 
4 



2 

1 

133 

12 

44 



-No. 50 powder. 



To be mixed in 
this proportion 



Mix the solid ingredients, powder them together 
and pass through a No. 50 sieve. Moisten the mix- 
ture with half an ounce, or sufficient of the mens- 
struum, pack in a cylindrical percolator gradually pour 
the remainder of the menstruum upon it. Afterwards 
diluted alcohol to obtain 200 parts in weight. 



2 98 MISCELLANEOUS. 

Chandler's Chlorodyne. 

IVrnriate of morphia, 3 grains. 

Fluid Ext. Cannibis Ind, 30 drops. 

Oil of peppermint, 10 " 

Tincture of capsicum, 15 " 

Chloroform, 2 drachms. 

iVlcohol, 1 oance. 

Glycerine, 1 " 
Mix. Dose 10 to 30 drops in a wine glass of water. 

stamping Powder, 

Pigment (Prussian Blue), 1 ounce. 

Fine white resin, 2 " 

Sandarac, 1 '' 

Powder very finely, mix and pass through a sieve. 
Oil Paste Shoe Blacklns. 

Ivory black, 2 pounds. 

Molasses, 1 " 

Olive oil, 4 ounces. 

Oilvitrol, 4 " 

Mix and add enough water to gain the required 
consistence. 

Camphorated Dover's Powder. 

Powdered opium, 10 grains. 

" camphor, 2 scruples. 

" ipecac, 1 " 

" cream of tartar, 8 " 

Mix. Does 3 to 5 grains. 

Incense for Churches, 
Gum olibanum, tears. 
Benzoin, 
St or ax. 
Sugar, 

True Cascarilla, 
Saltpetre, 
Powder and mix together. 



9 ounces. 


5 




2^ 




2 




2i 




3 





MISCELLANEOUS. 299 

Mettaurers Aperient. 

Socotrines aloes, 5 drachms. 

Bicarb soda, 11 " 

Compound spts Lavend, 5 " 

Water, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the bicarbonate of soda in the water, then 

add the aloes and lastly comp. spts. Lavender. Dose 

one teaspoonfnl in wine glass of water. 

Comp. Infusion of Gentian. 

Gentian root, 4j lbs. avoir. 

Dried orange peel, 4^- " 

Fresh lemon peel, 9 " 

Cold water, 13 qts. Imperial. 

Alcohol, 1 gallon. 

Oil of lemon, 1 drachm. 

Oil of orange, 1 " 

Macerate the gentian and orange and lemon peel 
for 14 days with the alcohol and water with frequent 
agitation. Then express the liquid, add to it the 
essential oil, shake well and filter through paper. The 
result is a fine, clear liquid of pleasant flavor, and 
keeps well. One fluid drachm of it mixed Avith seven 
fluid drachms of water produces one fluid ounce of 
liquid possessing all the qualities of the official 
infusion. 

Note. — The above is extensively used in England 
for extemporaneously making the compound infusion 
of gentian of the B. P. Pharmacopoae. 

Safety Paper For Checks. 

To prevent alterations in writing, the following pro- 
cess of preparing pap^r has been recommended : 

Add to glue water 5 per cent, of cyanide of potas- 
sium and sulphate of antimony, and run the glued 
paper through a thin solution of sulphate of manganese 
or copper. And writing on this paper with ink made 



300 MISCELLANEOUS. 

from nutgalls and sulphate of iron can neither be 
removed with acids nor erassed mechanically. Any 
acid will change immediately the writing from black 
to blue or red. Any alkali will change the paper to 
brown; any erasure will remove the layer of color and 
the white ground of the paper will be exposed, since 
the color of the glue water is only fixed to the out- 
side of the paper without penetratmg it. 

Howto Make Pepper Mint Drops. 

Take a convenient quantity of dry granulated sugar, 
place it in a pan having a lip from which the contents 
may be poured or dropped, add a very little water — 
just enough to make the sugar a stiff paste, two ounces 
of water to a pound of sugar being about the right 
proportion, set it over the fire and allow it to nearly 
boil; keep it continually stirred; it must not actually 
come to a boil, but must be removed from the fire 
just as the bubbles (denoting the boiling point is 
reached) begin to rise. Allow the syrup to cool alittle, 
stirring all the time; add strong essence of pepper- 
mint to suit the taste, and drop on tins or sheets of 
smooth white paper. The dropping is performed by 
tilting the vessel slightly so that the contents will 
slowly run out, and with a small piece of stiff wire the 
drops maybe stroked off into the tins or paper. They 
should then be kept in a warm place for a few hours 
to dry. 

German Prescriptions. 

There is scarcely a pharmacist in this country who 
has not received prescriptions written by German 
physicians. In some localities this happens fre- 
quently. As every one knows, of all things a pharma- 
cist especially dislikes to be obliged to confess his ina- 
bility to dispense a prescription presented, less be- 



J 



MISCELLANEOUS. 301 



cause it is a loss of profit tlian because it is an admis- 
sion of ignorance, Still greater must be the mortifi- 
cation when he is, and many are here, familiar with- 
the German language. Yet it is better to decline tha 
task than to risk guess work and possibly accidents. 
The first peculiarity noticable in a German prescrip 
tion is the use of the adjective. Thus, for Ferri Sul- 
phas, we find Ferrun sulphuricum Potassii lodidum 
Kali Chloricum, Potassi Chloras.for Kalium Chlora- 
tura. 

There are many others, but the following are the 
most frequent. The first column is the German, the 
second the usual pharmaceutal name : 

Acetum plumbi. Liq plumbi subacet. 

Aqua Saturni. Lig Subacet dilute. 

Aqua fontana. Aqua pura. 

Aquila alba. Calomel. 

Flores benzoes. Acidum benzoicum. 

Gummi mimosae. Gum acacia. 

Lapis infernalis. Nitrate of silver. 

Magesterium bismuihi. Subnitrate bismathi, 

Mercurius. Mercury. 

Natrum carbonicum. Bi carb soda. 

Natro-Kali acidulum tartaricum. Rochelle Salts.. 

Nihilum album. Oxide of Zinc. 

Oleum anthos. Oil of Rosemary. 
" de cedro. Oil of lemon. 

Pulvis Kurellae. Comp. licorice powder. 

Sal amarum. Sulphate magnesia. 

Sal Mirabile. Plunber salts. 

Tinctura Thebaica. Tincture opium. 

It should be borne in mind that all quantities 
ordered are understood to be by weight, fiuid mea- 
sure not being countenanced by the German authori- 
ties. The minim is still very frequently represented 



302 MISCELLANEOUS. 

by the drop (gutta), of wliicli twenty are considered 
eqaal to one gramme. As drops vary materially ac- 
cording to the density of the fluid and the size of the 
bottle, this is very unsatisfactory. 

Rapid Assay of Opium. 

(1.) Take 15 grammes of the opium and 9 grammes 
of slacked lime and 150 c. c. of distilled water. Rub 
the opium and lime carefully into a paste, adding the 
water by small portions, and leave the whole in con- 
tact during half an hour, with an occasional agitation. 
. (2.) Throw the mixture on a filter and collect 100 
c. c. of the liquid in a covered beaker. 

(3.) Add to the liquor 20 c. c. of ether, and mix 
well. 

(4.) In the liquor dissolve 6 graiumes of powdered 
hydrochlorate of Ammonia, stir with a rod to help the 
solution, and set aside for two hours. 

(5.) Pour off the ether, replace it with a fresh 
quantity of the same menstruum, shake well and pour 
it off again. 

(6.) Collect the precipitate of morphia in an un- 
pleated filter and wash it with a few cubic centimeters 
of cold distilled water. Dry and weigh it. Multiply 
the w^eight by 10, and we have the percentage of 
morphia. 

Solventsf or iodoform. 

Iodoform dissolves in the following solvents at or- 
dmary temperatures in the following proportions : 
Petroleum benzine 1 per cent. 

Coal benzine 1.5 

Lavender, 7 

Cloves, 8 

Lemon, 9 " 

Fennel, 9 

Rosemary, 9 " 

Cassia, 14 " 



MISCELLANEOUS. 7,03 



To Detect Adulteration. 

The adulteration of a heavy oil with a light one 
may be detected by agitating the suspected sample 
with water, when in general, the two will separate 
and form distinct layers. 

Bancroft's Process, 

Mr. Bancroft's process for refining common oils, 
such as olive oil, lard oil, etc., for lubricating pur- 
poses, is to agitate them with from 3 J to 8 per cent 
caustic soda lye of 1.2 specific gravity. If, on trial of a 
a small quantity, the lye be found to settle clear at the 
bottom, enough has been added. The oil is allowed 
to rest for 24 hours, for the soapy matter to subside , 
the supernatant oil is then filtered. Another plan of 
purifying oils is to agitate them with a strong solu- 
tion of common salt. 

To Restorethe Fragranceof Oil of Lemon. 

There are several oils that by absorption of oxygen 
from the air, will become camphorated, grow turbid, 
deposit a residue, generally called stearopten, and lose 
more or less of their flavor instead of which they 
acquire the odor of turpentine. These oils that are 
free from oxygen are chiefly subject to those changes, 
and it is therefore necessary to keep them in full bot- 
tles well stoppered and in a cool place. When they 
have deteriorated in the way indicated, they may be 
improved, but can never be restored to their original 
quality. Many means have been^ proposed for this 
purpose, but the one now generally employed in 
France is to shake the oil with warm water several 
times, letting it settle, and drawing it off by means of 
a syphon it may lastly be filtered either through paper 
or linen. 



304 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



4 ounces. 

2 ounces. 

2 

1 ounce. 

2 



Hop Bitters. 

Hops, 

Orange Peel, 

Taraxicum, 

Buchu, 

Podophyllum, 

Sugar, 16 ounces . 

Alcohol, 16 fi. " 

Water to make, 8 pints. 

Macerate the drugs in coarse powder in the alcohol 
and 7 pints of water at a warm temperature for 8 days. 
Express and dissolve the sugar in the liquor to which 
add water to make 8 pints and strain. 

Pierce's Favorite Prescription. 

Savin, 



Cinchonia, \^^ ^^^^' 
of each. 



150 grains. 



75 



150 grains. 

75 '• 



8 drops. 



Agaric, 
Cinnamon, 
Water sufficient to make decoction, 8 fl. ounces. 
Then add. 
Acacia, 
Sugar, 
Tinct. Digitahs, > . . 

" Opium, I ^^ ^^^^' 
Oil Anise, 

Dissolve the gum and sugar in a strained decoction, 
then add, 

Alcohol, 2 fi. ounces, 

in which the oil has previously been dissolved. 

Gargling Oil. 

Crude Petroleum, 13 fl. ounces. 

Ammonia Water, 6 " 

Soap soft, 16 

Benzine, 1^ " 

Oil Amber crude, 2 " 
Tinct. Iodine, 
W^ater, 



1 

5 pints. 



Piatt's Chlorides. 




tof each, 


IJ parts. 


•;i^ ^ of each, 


7^ " 



MISCELLANEOUS. 305 

Mix the petroleum and soap add the ammonia water, 
oil amber and iodine, and mix thoroughly; add the 
benzine and finally the water. 

Magnesia, 
Ohio. Sodium, 
Zinc Chlorides, 
Aluminum Chloride y 
Water sufficient for 100 

Dissolve. 

Caoutchouc Blacking. 

Boneblack, 

Molasses, 

Gum Arabic, 

Yinegar (acid acet dil). 

Sulphuric Acid, 

Caoutchouc Oil, 
After the boneblack has been disintegrated by the 
acid add the molasses and the gum previously dis- 
solved in a little water, then the oil, and lastly add 
the vinegar so as to form a uniform liquid mixture. 



66 parts, 


45 




1 




50 




24 




9 





Caoutchouc Oil. 




Caoutchouc, 


1 part. 


Cotton seed oil, 


9 parts. 


Digest the Caoutchouc in the oil. 




Cordova Blacking. 




Vinegar (Acetic Acid Dil), 


1,500 parts. 


Beer, 


500 


White Glue, 


250 


Sumac, 


60 


Isenglass, 


4 


Indigo, 


2 


Boil for half hour, strain when cool ; apply with 


sponge. 





2,^6 MISCELLANEOUS. 

Laxative Elixir, Comp 

Fluid Ext. Ehamuus Purshiana, 2 fl. ounces. 
" Juglans, 1 " 



" Glycrrhi, 


i " " 


Comp. Tinct. Cardamom, 


i " 


Senna, coarse powder, 


560 grains. 


Aromatic spirits, 


2 fl. ounces. 


Alcohol, 


-| U 5 5 


Sugar, 


7 troy ounces. 


Water sufficient for. 


16 fl. 


Exhaust the Senna in boiling water so as to obtain 


5 fluid ounces of infusion, when cool add other in- 


gredients. 




Dose — 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls in habitual constipation. 


Warburg's Tinctura. 


Aloes 


224 grs. 


Khubarb, 


r:)^ " 


Angelica seed, 


56 " 


[Confection of Damocrates 


56 " 


Elecampane, 


28 " 


Saffron, 


28 '' 


Fennel, 


28 '' 


Prepared Chalk, 


28 " 


Gentian, 


14 " 


Zedoary, 


14 " 


Cubeb, 


14 '' 


Myrrh, 


14 '' 


Camphor, 


14 " ■ 


White Agaric, 


14 " 


Sulphate Quinine, 


150 " 


Diluted Alcohol, enough to make 16 fl. oz. 


Eeduce thefibrouse vegetable substances to a mod- 


erately coarse powder, add the aloes, myrrh and cam- 


phor in small pieces, and digest the whole with dilut- 



MISCELLANEOUS. 307 

ed alcohol in a well-covered vessel (or, better, in a 
flask provided with a return condenser) for twelve 
hours on a waterbath. Then add the sulphate of 
quinine, replace the vessel on the water-bath until 
the quinine is dissolved, and then set it aside to cool. 
Finally, add the chalk, mix thoroughly, and filter. 

In place of the confection of Damocrates, which 
used to contain many ingredients now no longer ob- 
tainable, simple powdered opium may be used, if 
deemed necessary. The quantity of powdered opium 
eqivalent to the 56 grs. of the confection of Damo- 
crates is about 2 grains, and might probably be omit- 
ted altogether. 

Some persons have a great averson to aloes. In 
order to accommodate such, the tincture is also made 
without aloes. 

Warburg's tincture is also often ordered to be evap- 
orated to an extract, and the latter ordered to be 
dispensed in capsules. As it is rather wasteful to 
evaporate the tincture, which contains comparatively 
little solid matter in solution, it is preferable to leave 
this out, and to add it only when required, best in 
the form of aqueous extract of aloes, 16 oz. ,of which 
correspond about to 80 oz. of aloes. 

Cascara Cordial. 

Fluid Ext. Cascara Sagrada, 12 fl. drams. 

" Berberis Aquifol, 5 " 

Dilute Alcohol, 16 " 

Elixir Taraxacum Comp. 6 " " 

'* Aromatic q. s. 16 ounces. 

Mix the fluid extracts with the dilute alcohol, then 
with the Elixir previously mixed, and after standing, 
filter. 



3oJ 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



British Oil. 




Oil of turpentine, 


4 ounces. 


Oil of flax seed. 


3 pints. 


Oil of amber, 


1 pint. 


Oil of Juniper, 


i ounce. 


Petroleum (Barbadoes), 


2 ounces. 


Petroleum (American), 


2 ounces. 


Mix them well together. 




Oil of Spike. 




Whale oil, 


IJ gallons. 


Spirits of turpentine, 


4 pints. 


Barbadoes tar. 


3 ounces. 


Sulphuric acid. 


2 ounces. 


Add the acid slowly and let it stand 


uncovered. 


Butter Color. 




Annato, of good quality. 


10 ounces. 


Caustic soda or Potassa, 


12 drachms. 


Borax, 


1 ounce. 


Tincture of Tumeric, 


20 ounces. 


Water, 


100 ounces. 


Mix. 




Brown Mixture. 


' 


Powdered Licorice, 


i ounce. 


Gum Arabic [powdered] , 


■ J " ■ 


Sugar, [granulated], 


i " 


Paregoric 


2 


Wine of Antimony, 


1 


Spirit of Nitre, 


i " 



Water, 12 

Eub the Licorice, Gum Arabic and sugar with the 
water gradually poured upon them; then add the 
other ingredients. 
Mix. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 309 



To Clean Old Marble or Alabaster. 

Muriatic Acid, C. P., 1 part. 

Soft Water, 3 parts. 

Mix. Wash, the marble well with this mixture, then 
rinse well with pure water; dry, and apply pure Olive 
Oil, or Almond Oil, to revive the color, rubbing well. 
Greasy marble is easily cleaned with a mixture of 
Bi-Carbonate Soda, whiting and water, equal parts. 

Mixing Colors. 

The following combinations will enable the druggist 
to produce almost any shade of ''mixed paints:" 

Ceeam Coloe — Make by a mixture of chrome yellow. 
Venetian red and white lead. 

Peael Geay — White lead and equal portions of Prus- 
sian blue and lamp black; add the blue cautiously. 

Fawn Coloe — Burnt Sienna and white lead. 

Buff — This is a mixture of pale chrome yellow and 
white lead, tinged with Venetian red. 

Deab — Use raw or burnt umber and white lead, with 
a little Venetian red. 

Dry Chalk Mixture. 

White Sugar, 1 ounce. 

Oil Cinnamon, 16 drops. 

Rub in mortar and add prepared chalk, bounces; 
pulverized gum arable, 1 ounce. Kub all together and 
sift. 

One teaspoonful of the powder to two tablespoon- 
fuls of water makes Fluid Chalk Mixture. 
New Orleans Mead. 
Sarsaparilla root contused, 8 ounces. 

Licorice, 8 " 

Cassia bark contused, 8 " 

Cloves, 2 '' 

Coriander seed, 3 " 

Ginger, 8 '' 



3IO MISCELLANEOUS. 

Boil for fifteen minutes in eight gallons of water 
and let stand until cold to settle down, then strain 
through flannel rag and add to it in the fountain. • 
Syrup, 12 pints. 

Honey, 4 " 

Tincture Ginger, 4 ounces. 

Solution of Citric Acid, 4 '' 

Add enough water to complete ten gallons and 
charge with gas. 

Artificial Cider. 

Water, 25 gallons. 

Honey, U '' 

Catechu (pure), drachms. 

Alum, It ounces. 

Yeast, J pint. 

Ferment for fifteen days in a warm place, then add 

Bitter Almonds, 2 ounces. 

Cloves, • 2 '' 

Whiskey, 6 pints. 

Burnt sugar to color. 

If acid should be in excess add honey or sugar. If 
too sweet add cider vinegar to suit the taste. 

Belfast Ginger Ale Powders. 

Powdered White Sugar, 16 ounces. 

" Bicarbonate of Soda, 3J " 

Citric Acid, 4^ " 

Concentrated essence of Ginger, IJ '' 

" " Cayenne, 4 drachms. 

*' ^' Lemon, 40 drops.. 

Dry the soda, acid and the sugar very carefully ; be- 
fore drying the sugar, incorporate with it the essences 
thoroughly, to which a small quantity of caramel may 
be added as coloring. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 311 

Easy and Rapid Method to Powder Shellac. 

One pound of Sliellac is warmed witli constant 
stirring with two quarts of water, to which. are added 
t^o or three ounces of Borax; a clear sokition of 
Shellac is the result. If, now two ounces of Hydro- 
chloric Acid be added to the Shellac it is precipitated 
in a pulverulent condition, this precipitate after being 
well stirred is poured upon a cloth and well washed 
with water, and after drying, is found to be a very 
fine powder, well suited for fire works or the rapid 
making Yarnishes. 

Disguising the Taste of Epsom Salts. 

Epsom Salts, 1 >^ ounces. 

Water, 1 pint. 

Essence of Mint, 2 to 6 drops. 
Mix. 



Harness BU 


acklng. 




Neatsfoot Oil, 




1 pint. 


Beeswax, 




2 ounces 


Ivory Black, 




1 ounce, 



Mix, by melting by gentle heat. 

Paste for Labeling on Tin. 

Take paste made from Gum Tragacanth with addi- 
tion of a small portion of the Oil of Wintergreen. 

First be careful to remove the film and grease from 
the tin by a solution of Caustic Soda (ten of water 
to one of Soda) applied to the spot by a rag upon 
which you wish to affix the label, and drying with 
another rag. 

To Restore Color to Cloth. 

When color from a fabric has been destroyed by 
acids, Ammonia is used to neutralize the same. An 
application of Chloroform will in almost all cases re- 
store the color. Chloroform will remove paint when 
other things have failed. 



312 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Fruit Laxative. 




Cassia (fistula) 


16 ounces. 


Tamarinds, 


10 " 


Prunes, 


7 " 


Fip-s, 


12 " 



Bruise and digest in forty-five ounces water for 
three days, then strain through a hair sieve. Eeject 
the coarse portions after washing tliem with water. 
Evaporate the strained Hquid, in which 

Powdered Sugar, 50 ounces, 

has heen previously dissolved until the product weighs 
84 ounces ; to this add 

Senna, 10 ounces. 

Coriander, 6 " 

Mix the whole thoroughly. The product is of a 
jelly consist ance and very easily converted into 
lozenges. 



Lime Juice CordlaL 



Glucose, 
Syrup, 

Lime juice. 
Water, 



4 ounces. 
16 
16 

28 



Tincture lemon peel, triple orange flower water of 
each enough to flavor. 
Mix. 



Liquid Clue. 



2 ounces. 

o u 



White glue, 

Acetic acid No. 8, 
Dissolve the glue broken in small pieces in the acid; 
then add 

Nitric acid, 10 minims. 

Mix and keep in a wide mouth bottle well corked. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 313 



Gelatinized Benzine. 

Cocoanut Oil Soap, ^ ounce. 

Boiling Water, 4 ounces. 

Dissolve and when cold add 
Ether and Ammonia Water, each 2 drams. 
Glycerine, 1 dram. 

Mix. Put from five to ten drops of this mixture in- 
to a bottle and add half teaspoonful of Benzine, and 
shake until it gelatinizes. iVdd gradually more Ben_ 
zine under agitation ; and the whole will soon assume 
the appearance of a semisolid mass similar to boiled 
starch. 



Clou's Fumant's. 




Benzoin, 


80 grains. 


Balsam Tolu, 


20 '' 


Yellow Santal, 


20 '' 


Vegetable charcoal, 


500 '' 


Nitrate Potassium, 


40 " 


Mucilage of Tragacanth, 


q. s. 



Powder, mix and form into a paste with the mucil- 
age and divide into little cones, each about one inch 
in height. 

Helnnbold's Buchu. 

Short Buchu, 4 ounces. 

Uva Ursi, U " 

Licorice root, 10 drams. 
Macerate in nine pints of water, strain and add 

Caramel, 2 ounces. 

Molasses, 8 " 
Mix well and add 

Fluid Ext. Cubebs, 5 ounces. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Oil Peppermint, 1 ounce. 

Water sufficient to make 12 pints. 
Mix. 



314 MISCELLANEOUS. 

Machins Oil. 

Pat Lead into pure Olive Oil and let stand in the 
sun till a white deposit is found, then decant oi! the 
the clear liquid. 

Colorless Tinct. Bromide of Iodine. 

Iodine, 1 ounce. 

Bromine, . 4 drachms. 

Alcohol, 17 ounces. 

Sulphuric Ether, 7 " 

Glycerine, 2 " 

Bisulphite Soda, 2 '' 

Dissolve Iodine in the Alcohol, and Bromine in 
Ether; add Glycerine to the Solution of Bromine 
carefully. Mix the two solutions together carefully, 
and add powdered Bisulphite Soda. Place mixtures 
aside several days, shaking carefully occasionally, when 
it will become colorless; should it not, add a small 
quantity of Bisulphite of Soda. 

Note. — Should it turn red at any time, the addition 
of a small quantity of the Bisulphite of Soda will 
bring it to its original color. 

Aqua Rose. 

Oil Eose, 12 drops. 
White Sugar, i ounce. 

Garb. Magnesia, 2 drachms. 

Aqua, 2 pints. 

Alcohol, 2 ounces. 
Add oil to Alcohol, rub with Magnesia and Sugar, 
add water and filter. 

James' Dismfectant Powder. 



Copperas, 


20 ounces. 


White Yitrol, 


10 " 


Carbolic Acid (crude). 


1 ounce. 


Mix. 





Ml^CEl.LAXEOUS. 



Black Aniline copying: Ink. 

Nigrosin, 30.0 grams 

Sugar, * 30.0 '' 

Pyroligneoiis Acid, 50. '' 

WateiC 1)00.0 '' 

Dissolve the Nigrosin in the water and add the 
other ingredients. 

Black Office Ink. 

Nigrosin, 33.0 grams 

Pvroligneous Acid, 50.0 '' 

Watel^ 920.0 '' 

Dissolve the Nigrosin in the water and add the 
acid. 

Violet Copying Ink. 

Meth3d Violet, 15.0 grams 

Sulphuric Acid, dilute, 6.0 " 

Sugar, 30.0 '' 

Water, . 1000.0 '' 

Dissolvb the sugar and acid in the water, and in 
this solution dissolve the Methyl Violet. 

Violet Ink. 

Methyl Violet, 10.0 grams 

Sugar, 10.0 '* 

Sulphuric Acid, dilute, 5.0 '^ 

Water, 1000.0 " 

Essence Patchouly, 10.0 " 
Mix the acid and water and dissolve the other in- 
gredients in the mixture. 

Blue Ink. 

Blue Anihne, 
Sugar, 

Sulphuric Acid, dilute, 
Essence Patchouly, 
Water, 
Prepare as above. 



15.0 grams 


15.0 


u 


15.0 


a 


10.0 


a 


)00.0 


i i 



3i6 ' • MISCELLANEOUS. 



Green Soap. 

Methyl Green, soluble, 10.0 grains. 

Essence Patchonly, 10.0 " 

Water, 1000.0 '' 

Dissolve the ingredients in the water. 



Red Ink. 




Eosin Aniline, 


15.0 grams 


Essence Patchouly, 


1000.0 '' 


Water, 


1000.0 '' 


L'epare as above. 




Orange Ink. 




Orange Aniline, 


15.9 grams 


Essence Patchonly, 


10.1 " 


Water, 


1000.0 " 


repare as the foregoing. 




Violet Hectograph Ink, 





Methyl Violet, 15.0 grams 

Sulphuric Acid, dilute, 10.0 '' 

Water, 95.0 " 

Dissolve the Aniline in the water with heat and add 
the acid. 

A New Indelible Ink. 



Ferro Cyanide Potassium, 


3 dram 


Strong Ammonia Water, 


2 '' 


Acetic Acid, 


2 " 


Dissolve in Water, 


240 " 


Then add— 




Ammonia Citrate of Iron, 


160 '' 


Ammonia Water, 


40 " 


Aniline Blue, 


8 " 


Gum, 


70 '' 


Pyrogallic Acic, 


20 " 



MISCELLANEOUS. 317 





Indestructible Ink, 




Shellac, 




4 drams 


Borax, 




2 '' 


Soft Water, 




Sj ounces 



Boil in a close vessel until dissolved, then filter and 
take of 

Gum Arabic, 2 drachms 

Soft Water, 4 " 

Mix together and boil for five minutes as before, 
occasLonally stirring, when cold add sufficient finely 
powdered Indigo and Lampblack to color. 

Invisible Ink. 

Writing with a solution of Sugar of Lead will be 
turned black by moistening the paper with Sulphide 
of Potassium. 

If Nitrate of Silver be used the writing will become 
black by dipping the paper in a solution of Ammonia- 

A weak infusion of galls is turned black by Sulphate 
of Iron. 

Purple Markins Ink. 

Bichlorate of Platinum, 1 drachm 

Distilled Water, 2 ounces 

The place where the letters are required must be 
moistened with a solution. 

Carbonate of Soda, 8 drachms 

Gum Arabic, 3 '' 

Water, 12 

After the letters have been written with the Plati- 
num Ink and become dry, the linen is moistened with 
a solution of 

Chlorate of Tin, 1 part. 

Distilled Water, 4 parts. 

A beautiful purple red color is the result. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Indestructible Ink. 

Trinidad Asphaltum, 

Oil Turpentine, 
Mix. 

Color with a sufficiency of Plumbago for black or 
Yirmillion for red ink. 



1 ounce. 
4 ounces. 



Indelible Ink. 

Nitrate of Silver, 1 2-3 parts. 

Gum Arabic, 2 " 

Distilled Water, IC 

Sap Green, 1-3 " 

Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in the distilled water 
Add the Gum and Sap Green. 
Write with a quill or gold pen. 

Aniline Marking Ink. 

Bichlorate of Copper, 

Common Salt, 

Liquid Ammonia, 

Distilled Water, 

No. 2. 

Hydrochlorate of xVniline, 

Distilled Water, 

Solution Gum Arabic, 

Glycerine, 

Mix 4 four parts of the Aniline solution with one of 
the copper. The result is a green colored liquid 
which can be used at once for marking linen. 

Athlophorous. 

Sulph. Morph., 2 grains. 

Fl. Ext. Colchicum seed, 1 fl dram. 

n. Ext. Guaiac resin, 1 " 

Potassium acetate, 60 grains. 

Potassium salicylate, 60 " 
Dilute alcohol, i fi ounce. 

Syrup of squill, q. s. to make 6 " 



8^gi 


rains. 


30 


u 


9^ 


u 


30 


u 


30 gr 


•ains. 


20 


(( 


20 


u 


10 


a 



MISCELLANEOUS. 31Q 

Mix by applying gentle heat. The syrup of squill 
should be prepared by digesting over night 180 grains 
of squill root in hot water sufficient to make infusion 
when strained of 3 fluid ounces. In this is dissolved 
8 troy ounces of glucose by gentle heat. 

Yerba Santa Cough Mixture. 

Take of Yerba Santa, 1 ounce. 

Take Grindelia, Wild Cherry, each j " 

Glycyrrhiza, Cubebs, each j " 

Alcohol, 4 '' 

Glycerine, 2 '' 

Water, 4 " 

Exhaust the Grindelia, etc., (all in coarse powder) 
with the alcohol, glycerine and water. 

Displace with diluted alcohol until 10 fluid ounces 
are obtained. To the percolate add 

Ammonia bromide, 600 grains. 

Pine tar, 300 '' 

Digest for five hours. When cold filter and dissolve 
sugar 8 ounces by agitating, without heat, and strain. 
Kendal's Spavin Oil. 

Camphor, 

Oil turpentine. 

Oil rosemary, 

Water, 

Alcohol, 

Iodine, 

All parts by weight, 

Baking Powder, 

No 1. 
Tartaric acid, J pound. 

Bicarbonate of soda, | " 

Potato farina, J " 

Mix them in a dry room, having previously powdered 



21 


parts. 


30 




1 




39 




92 




5 





320 MISCELLANEOUS. 

and thoroughly dried separately by gentle heat, pass 
the mixture through a sieve and at once put into 
packages air tight. 



No 


2. 




Tartaric acid, 




T pound. 


Alum, 




i " 


Bicarbonate of soda, 




3 u 
4 


Farina, 




1 


Sesquicarbonate of ammonia. 


3 ounces. 


Mix as above. 







Brunelli Process of Embalming. 

The process of embalming is as follows, and is 
called the Brunelli i^rocess : 

(1) The circulating system is cleansed by washing 
with cold water till it issues quite clear from the body. 
This may occupy from two to five days. 

(2) Alcohol is injected so as to absorb as much 
water as possible. This occupies about one quarter of 
an hour. 

(3) Ether is then injected to absorb the fatty mat- 
ters. This occupies from two to ten hours. 

(4) A strong solution of tannin is then injected. 
This occupies for imbibation two to ten hours. 

(5) The body is then dried in a current of warm 
air passed over heated chloride of calcium. This may 
OGcnipy from two to five hours. The body is then per- 
fectly preserved and resists decay. The Italians ex- 
hibit specimens that are as hard as stone, retain the 
shape perfectly and are equal to the best wax models. 
It will be observed that those parts that are prone to 
decay are removed, and that which remains is con- 
verted into a substance resembling leather. 



MISCELLAXEOUS. 



321 



Gadbury's Mixture. 

(Oxysulphate of Iron.) 
Powdered sulphate of Iron, 1 drachm. 

Nitric acid, 1 fi " 

Simple Syrup, 2 fl ounces. 

Water sufficient. 
Add the sulphate of iron and nitric acid together in 
a porcelain capsule, and when the reaction has ceased 
add three or four drachms of water and bring the 
whole to ebuHtion. The other substances are after- 
ward added. 



OfTlce Muciiage. 




Grum arable or dextrine, 


8 ounces. 


Water sufficient . 




Sulphate of Cinchonidia, 


24 grains. 


Oil of cloves. 


3 drops. 


Glycerine, 


4 drachms. 


Alcohol, 


1 



Dissolve the gum or dexterine in enough water to 
form a mucilage of proper thickness, add to it the 
glycerine and finally the oil of cloves and cinchonidia 
sulphate dissolved in the alcohol. 

Grease Eradicators. 

Castile soap, shavings, 

Carbonate soda, powdered, 

Borax, powdered, 

Aqua ammonia, 

Alcohol,. 

Turpentine, 

Sulphuric Ether, 
Soft water sufficient for J 
with the water until dissolved, 
fire and add the rest. 



4 ounces. 


2 




1 




7 




3 




2 




2 




gallon. Boil the soap 


then remove 


from the 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Trask's Ma&;netic Ointment. 

Lard, ") 

Raisins, [ each equal parts. 

Fine-cut Tobacco. 3 
Simmer well together, then strain and press out all 
from the drugs. This is a splendid remedy in all skin 
diseases, as Salt Rheum, Tetters, etc. 

English Curry Powder. 

Powdered Coriando seed, 1 pound. 

" , Allspice, i 

Mace, i 

" Caraway, i 

Fennel, i 

Celery seed, i 

" Tumeric, 8 ounces. 



Ground Capsicum, 



Mustard, 2 

Ginger, i 

Table salt, 1 pound. 

Mix them thoroughly by sifting and set aside for 
thirty days. 

Baking Powder. 

Tartaric acid, 8 pounds. 

Sesqui carbonate of soda pure, 8 " 
Farina, 16 " 

Mix as above. 
In using one or two teaspoonfuls are mixed with 
dry flour which is then made up quickly with cold 
water and baked immediately, any other flour or 
starch may be used instead of the potato flour. 
Lord's Chalk Mixture. 
Tinct. Kino, 1 ounce. 

'' Camp. Opium, 1 " 

" Catechu, 1 dram. 

'' Opium, 1 



MISCELLANEOUS 



:^^3 



. Spirits Lavender Comp. J ounce. 

•Syrup simple, j " 

Prepared chalk, Ij '' 

Mucilage Acacia, 3 " 

Mix. 

Dose, tea to tablespoonful. 

Bromo-Chloralum. 

Alum, coarse powder. 1 pound. 

Boilmg water, 2 pints. 

Aqua ammonia, sufficient. 

Muriatic acid, sufficient. 

Bromine, j ounce. 

Water, sufficient. 
Dissolve the alum in the boiling water, add 2\ gal- 
lons of cold water and mix well, then add Aqua 
Ammonia until the odor of the Ammonia can be 
detected in the mixture and a precipitate is formed ; 
allow it to settle and pour off the supernatant liquid. 
Put on fresh water again, stir well, allow to settle and 
again pour off. Then place the precipitate upon a 
muslin strain, and drain well; put the precipitate in 
a closed vessel and carefully add the Bromide; finally 
add sufficient Muriatic Acid, little at a time, to dis- 
solve the precipitate, and then enough water to com- 
plete the measure of one-half gallon, and filter. 

lodia. 

Fluid Ext. Stiliingia, 

" Prickly Ash, 
" " Saxifraga, 

'' Yellow Parilla, 
" Blue Flag, 
Iodide of Potassium, 
Pyrophosphate of Iron, 
Phosphoric Acid, diluted. 
Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium in the mixture 



3 


ounces. 


1 


ounce. 


i 
h 
i 


u 


256 


grains. 


256 


a 


h 


ounce. 



324 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



and the iron in two ounces of hot water, add the 
solution gradually and lastly add the Phosj^horic 
Acid. Let stand 24 hours and filter. 



Fly-Paper Poison 






Chloride of Cobalt, 




6 drams. 


Brown Sugar, 




Ij ounces. 


Boiling Water, 




1 pint. 


Dissolve sugar and cobalt in water ; 


saturate porous 


laper in the solution. 






Jaynes' Expectorant. 






Syrup of Squill, 


2 


ounces. 


Tincture of Tolu, 


1^ 


L 


u Camphor, 


1 


drachm. 


u Lobeha, 


1 


(( 


,, Digitalis, 


1 


a 


u Opium, 


2 


drachms. 


Pulv. Ipecac, 


4 


grains. 


Tarter Emetic, 


4 


grains. 


Mix. 






Osgood's Celebrated Ague Cure. 




Sufph. of Quinine, 


2 


drachms. 


Fluid Ext. Leptandra, 


2 


li 


Saturated Tinct. of Queen's Boot 


.2 


i i 


Fluid Ext. Podophyllum, 


3 


drachms. 


Oil of Sassafras, 


10 


drops. 


Oil of Winter green. 


10 


drops. 


New Orleans Molasses, sufficient 1 


to make an 


ight-ounce mixture. 






Comp. Licorice Powder. 






Powdered Senna, 




2 ounces. 


Powdered Licorice Hoot, 




2 ounces. 


Powdered Fennel Seed, 




1 ounce. 


Washed Sulphur, 




1 ounce. 


Powdered Sugar, 




6 ounces. 


Mix them. 







MISCELLANEOUS. 



325 



Piso's Consumption Cure. 

Tincture of Tolu, 

Fluid Fxt. Lobelia, 

^^ ^^ Cannabis, Indica, 

Sulph. of Morphia. 

Tartar Emetic, 

Chloroform, 

Essence of Spearmint, 

Hot Water, 

Sugar, 

The fluid extracts, tincture of tolu, chloroform, and 
essence of spearment must be mixed with the sugar, 
in a bottle. Dissolve the morphia and tartar emetic 
in the hot water, and mix; when thoroughly dis- 
solved, filter. 
Dose. — For an adult, one tablespoonful. 



i 


ounce. 


2 


drachms 





u 


4 


grams. 


4 


ii. 


1 


drachm. 


10 


drops. 


8 


ounces. 



Cuticura Resolvent, 



Aloes, Soct., 




1 


drachm. 


Ehubarb, powdered, 




1 


ii. 


Iodide Potass., 




36 


grains. 


Whisky, 




1 


pint. 


Macerate over night, and filter. 






Phosphorus 


Paste. 






Phosphorus, 




1 


ounce. 


Eye Flour, 




25 


ounces. 


Tallow, 




20 


{, i 


Armenian Bole, 




2 


i I 


Arsenic, 




2 




Oil Ehodium, 




1 


drachm. 


Water, 




25 


ounces. 



Mix the flour and water, cook to a thin paste ; melt 
the phosphorus in hot w^ater and mix, then add the 
rest, stir until thoroughly mixed. 



326 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Chlorodyne. 




Purified Chloroform, 




4 fluid ounces. 


Strong Ether, 




1 fluid ounce. 


Strong Alcohol, 




4 fluid ounces. 


Molasses, 




4 fluid ounces. 


Powdered Ext. Licorice, 




2j Troy ounces. 


Muriate of Morphia, 




8 graids. 


Oil of Peppermint, 




16 minims. 


Simple Syrup, 




ITi fluid ounces. 


Hydrocyanic iVcid, 2 per 


ceni 


], 2 fluid ounces. 



Dissolve the morphia and the oil of peppermint in 
the alcohol. Mix the chloroform and ether in this 
solution. Mix the licorice with the syrup and add 
the molasses. Shake these two ingredients well to- 
gether, and lastly add the hydrocyanic acid and again 
shake. 

Dose. — Five to ten minims. 



Chewing Cums-Parrafln. 




Soft Parafiin, 


1 ounce. 


Sugar granulated, 
Mix. 


15 ounces. 


Tolu. 


/ 


Tolu, 


4 ounces. 


Benzoin, 


. 1 ounce. 


White Wax, 


1 " 


Paraflin, 


1 " 


Sugar Granulated, 


8 ounces. 


Mix. 




Spruce. 




Spruce Gum, 


4 oimces. 


Chicle, 


4 


Sugar granulated, 


12 



In preparing chewing gums, the gums, parafiin wax 



MISCELLANEOUS. 527 

etc. are fused separately and mixed while yet quite 
hot then adding as much dry sugar as can be inco- 
porated or sufficient to render the gum brittle when 
cold. The mass after being thoroughly kneeded is, 
while hot, rolled out on a slab (previovsly dusted 
with powdered sugar) to the requisite thickness and 
devided into pieces the required size. 

Florida Water. 

Oil Lavender and Bergamot of each 4 fl. ozs. 

" Neroli, 2 drams. 

" Orange, . 4 " 

" Cloves, 1 " 

" Pure musk, 4 grains. 

" Cologne, spirit 96o 1 gallons. 
Macerate 15 days and filter through paper. 

August Flower. 

Soda Bicarb, 2 pounds. 

Ead Galangae, 3 " 

Aloes Soct, i pound. 

Fluid Ex. Gentian, 2 pounds. 

" '' Taraxacum, 1 pound. 

Oil Pex^permint, 1 fl. dram. 
Alcohol, i gallon. 

Water. Sugar of each sufficient to make 4 gallons 
Mix. 

Liquid Shoe Polish 

Lamp black, 1 dram. 

Oil Turpentine, ' 4 drams. 

Alcohol, 12 ounces. 

Shellac, U 

White Turpentine, 5 drams. 

Sandarac, 2 " 

Make a solution by digesting the mixture in a close 
vessel at a gentle heat, then strain. 



32S MISCELLANEOUS. 

Non-Poisonous Rat Paste. 

Melted lard 4 ounces to which add 8 ounces of 
squills and a small onion cut in very small pieces. 
The mixture is digested for about 15 minutes with 
constant stirring, and then formed into a paste by the 
addition of an equal quantity of mashed potatoes. 
When cool flavor with 20 drops of Oil Anise. The 
efficiency of this paste no doubt depends on the size 
of the squills, as these when in contact with the 
moisture of the body swell immensely. 



UNOFFICINAL BALSAMS 

Friar's Balsam. 

Take gum benzoin, 6 ounces ; strained storax, 2 
ounces ; pulverized aloes and myrrh, each J- ounce; 
balsam peru, 1 ounce; balsam tolu, 2 ounces; extract 
of liquorice, 2 ounces ; alcohol, 2 quarts. Let it stand 
for two weeks, with occasional agitation, and filter 
the whole through paper. A good application for 
wounds and cuts ; and as such was very effectual in 
the hands of the old friars. Internally, it is stimu- 
lant, expectorant, and anti-spasmodic, and is useful 
in asthma, catarrh, consumption, and Ian quid circula- 
tion. Dose, i a drachm on loaf sugar. 

Balsam of Horehound. 

Dissolve 2 ounces each extract of horehound 
and extract of liquorice, in i X3int of hot water; when 
cold add 3-4 phit of paregoric, 6 ounces of oxymel of 
squills, 2 ounces tincture of benzoin, and 10 ounces of 
honey. Mix well and strain through flanneL Dose 
for an adult, J to 1^ tea-spoonfuls, accompanied by a 
dose or two of aperient medicine. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 329 

Balsam of Honey, 

Balsam of tolu, 1 ounce; gum storax, 1 drachm; 
purified opium, 15 grains; best honey, 4 ounces; rec- 
tified spirits of wine, 1 pint. Digest them together 
for a week, and strain the hquor. This prescription 
is of great use in colds and habitual coughs, unaccom- 
panied by feverish symptoms. The dose is from one 
to three tea-spoonfuls occasionally. 

Balsam Riga. 

Young shoots of fir (collected in March), 2 pounds ; 
rectified spirits and water, of each 5 pints. Bruise 
the fir-shoots and macerate in the spirit and water for 
3 or 4 days, then distill 1 gallon. Or: Mix together 
rectified spirit, 8 ounces ; oil of juniper and compound 
tincture of benzion, of each 1 ounce : agitate well and 
filter. Stimulant and diuretic ; also used for sprains 
and bruises. 

Ciycerine Balsam. 

This is designed to whiten and soften the skin, re- 
move roughness, chaps, chilblains, and irritations 
from common causes. Take pure white wax, 1 ounce ; 
spermaceti, 2 ounces; oil of almonds, 9 ounces. Melt 
together by a moderate heat in a glazed earthenware 
vessel, and add pure glycerine, 3 ounces; balsam of 
Peru, J ounce. The mixture is to be stirred until 
nearly cold, and then poured into pots. Instead of 
balsam of Peru, 12 or 15 drops of attar of rose may 
be employed. 

Universal Wound Balsam 

Gum beuzion, in powder, 6 ounces balsam of tolu, 
in powder, 3 ounces ; gum storax, 2 ounces ; f rankm- 
ence, in powder, 2 ounces; gum myrrh, in powder, 2 
ounces; socotrine aloes, in powder, 3 ounces; alcohol, 
1 gallon. Mix them all together and put them in a 



330 MISCELLANEOUS. 



digester and give them a gentle heat for 3 or 4 days; 
then strain ; 30 or 40 drops on a lump of sugar may be 
taken at anytime, for flatulency or pain at the 
stomach; and in old age, where nature requires stim- 
ulation. This valuable remedy should be kept in 
every family ready for use ; it cannot be surpassed as 
an application for cuts and recent wounds, and it is 
equally good for man or animals. 

Pectoral Balsam. 



Tincture of tolu and compound tincture of benzoin, 
of each 2 ounces ; rectified spirit, 4 ouncrs; mix. As 
a pectoral in coughs and colds. Dose, one tea-spoon- 
fuL 

Anodyne Balsam. 

Take of white soap 1 ounce; opium, unprepared, 2 
drachms; rectified spirit of wine, 9 ounces; digest 
them together by a gentle heat for three da3^s, 
then strain off the liquor, and add to it three drachms of 
camphor. This balsam is of service in violent sprains 
and rheumatic complaints, when not attended with 
inflammation. It must be rubbed with a w^arm hand 
on the part affected, or a linen rag moistened with it, 
and renewed every third hour till the pain abates. 

Balsam of Turpentins. 

Melt by a gentle heat black resin, 1 pound ; remove 
the vessel from the fire and add oil of turpentine, 1 
pint. 

Canada Balsam. 

This balsam is the product of the Canadian balsam 
fir, a tree of very common growth in Canada and the 
State of Maine. When fresh it has the consistence 
of thin honey, an agreeable odor, an acid taste, and a 
pale yellow color, nearly white. It should be perfectly 
transparent, and soluble in rectified oil of turpentine. 



MISCELLAXEOUS. 



with wliicli it forms a beautiful glassy and colorless 
varnish, which is much used for preparing a semi- 
transparent copying papar. A factitious kind is sold, 
but is wholly deficient of some of the properties of the 
genuine balsam. 

Factitious CanadJi Balsam. 

Dissolve 3 pounds of clear yellow resin in 1 gallon 
of oil of turpentine ; then add 1-2 pint of pale linseed 
oil, and 1-2 ounce each of essence of lemon and oil of 
rosemary. 

Factitious Balsam of Tolu. 

Dissolve orange shellac and gum bezoin, of each 1 
pound, in coarse powder; in rectified spirit, 5 pounds 
(in a close vessel) ; filter and distill off the spirit until 
the residuum has a proper consistence, then add a 
few drops of the oil of cassia and nutmeg, dissolved 
in a little essence of vanilla. Or, take of balsam of 
tolu, 4 ounces , white resin, 16 ounces; sheep's suet, 
li ounces, or sufficient to make it soft enough, ac- 
cording to climate or season. 

To Detect Factitious Balsam of Tolu, 

The genuine balsam is perfectly soluble in alcohol, 
forming a transparent solution. By exposure to the 
air it becomes hard and brittle. It is frequently 
adulterated, in which case it has a weaker sniell, is 
less soluble in alcohol, and the tincture formed with 
that fluid is opaque. 

Factitious Balsam Copaiba. 

Powdered gum bezoin, 4 ounces; castor oil, 1 gal- 
lon; yellow resin, 3 pounds; balsam of Canada, 2 
pounds; oil of juniper, 2 ounces; oil of savine, 1 
ounce; escence of orange and lemon, of each 1-2 
ounce. Melt the resin, then add a little of the castor 
oil and the powdered benzoin, and withdraw the heat; 



332 MEMORY WORK. 



wlieu well mixed add the remainder of the castor oil, 
and, when nearly cold, the essences ; mix well, and 
filter through a Canton flannel bag, adding a little 
coarsely powdered charcoal. 

Imitation of Balsam of Copaiba. 
Balsam of Canada, 8 pounds ; yellow resin, 2 pounds, 
castor oil, 3 pounds; oil of juniper, 1-4 ounce; essen- 
tial oil of almonds, 15 drops; oil of savine, 20 drops; 
As above. 



MEMORY WORK 

OF 

Pharmacy, Chemistry and Materia 

Medica'. 



Q. What is Pharmacy? 

A. J^ is the art or practice of preparing, preserving 
and compounding substances for the purposes of 
medicine. 

Q. What is a Pharmacopoeia? 

A. A book or treatise describing the preparations of 
the several kinds of medicines used in pharmacy, with 
the proportions of the ingredients and the methods 
of preparing them. 

Q. What is a Dispensatory? 

A. A commentary on the substances used in the 
pharmacopoeia. 



MEMORY WORK. :^2^ 



Q. What is meant by Materia Medica? 

A. A general name for everything used in medicine. 

Q. How is Camphor obtained? 

A. It is prepared by distilHng the wood of the cam 
phor tree, found in Borneo and Japan. 

Q. How many grains of camphor can be dissolved 
in one pint of water. 

A. Five grains. 

Q. What is the officinal name for Monsel's solution? 

A. Liq. Ferri Subsulphatis. 

Q. What is the officinal name of Groulard's Extract? 

A. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. 

Q. How is Chloral Hydrate made? 

A. By passing Chlorine through A^lcohol. 

Q. How is Chloroform made? 

A. By distilling a mixture of Alcohol and Chloride 
of Lime. 

Q. What are Wines? 

A. They are vinous liquid preparations. 

Q. Name two that are officinal. 

A. Wine of Antimony and Wine of Ipecac. 

Q. Give ingredients of Wine of Antimony. 

A. Tartrate of Antimony and Potasseum, 1 part; 
boiling water, 15 parts; white wine, 250 parts. 

Q. What is Isomerism? 

A. Substances which are identical in chemical com- 
position, and yet exhibit distinct physical and chemical 
properties, are said to be Isomeric. 

Q. Give an example. 

A. The volatile oils, oil of turpentine, oil of lemons. 

Q. When are waters said to be hard or soft? 

A. According to their action on soap. Those waters 
which contain compounds of lime or magnesia occa- 
sion a curdling of the soap, and are called hard ; soft 
waters do not, they dissolve the soap without difficulty 
and are called soft. 



334 MEMORY WORK. 

Q. What is hydrate? 

A. A compound of water in definite proportions 
with some other substance. 

Q. What is meant by anhydrous? 

A. A body that is entirely free from water in com- 
bination. 

Q. What is Phosphorous? 

A. It is one of the sixty-two elements. It was dis- 
covered by Brandt in 1669. It is found in volcanic 
rocks, principally in combination with lime. Phos- 
phorus is now obtained from bone-ash, and sulphuric 
acid and water. 

Q. Name the officinal preparations of phosphoric 
acid. 

A. Acidum Phosphoricum, Oleum Phosphoricum, 
Pilulae, Phosphori. 

Q. How is Creasote obtained? 

A. From pyroligneous acid and wood tar. 

Q. How is Iodoform obtained? 

A. By action of iodine on alcohol and Carb Polassa, 

Q. Define Hydro Carbon. 

A. Hydrogen and Carbon. 

Q. How is Nitric Acid obtained? 

A. By treating Nitrate of Potass with Sulphuric 
acid. 

Q. What element is used in form metallic in 
Pharmacy? 

A. Mercury. 

Q. How is Mercury extracted from the ore? 

A. It is reduced from its ore by a process of distil- 
lation. 

Q. Under what circumstances does Mercury occur 
naturally ? 

A. Mercury is sometimes found native as'fiuid quick- 
silver, but most generally occurs as a sulphite, forming 
a brilliant red mineral termed Cinnabar. 



MEMORY WORK. 3^5 



Q. What is Calomel and liow obtained? 

A. It is a mild chloride of mercury, and obtained by 
precipitating a solution of subnitrate of mercury with 
common salt. Its symbol is Hg2 CI 2 

Q. What is corrosive sublimate? 

A. Chloride of Mercury, Hg Cl^ Prepared by sub- 
liming a mixture of common salt and sulphate of 
protoxide of mercury. 

Q. What is Yermilion? 

A. A combination of 1 part flowers sulphur with 6 
parts of mercury. 

Q. What do you understand by organic and inor- 
ganic chemistry? 

A. Organic chemistry treats of the nature of ani- 
mal or vegetable substances. Inorganic chemistry 
treats of unorganized bodies and of substances which 
are not the product of living bodies. 

Q. What is an Acid? 

A. Whatever enters into combination with a base 
to form a salt. Example — Yinegar, Oil of Yitriol, 
Sulphuric Acid, are familiar examples. 

Q. WhatisanAlkah? 

A. A substance having exactly the reverse qualities 
of the acid. Alkalies are soapy to the touch, will 
restore the blue color to vegetable extracts which have 
been previously reddened by acids. Example — Soda, 
Ammonia or Hartshorn, Potash. 

Q. What is a base? 

A. A substance which unites with an acid to form a 
salt. 

Q. Name eleven of the most important acids used 
in pharmacy. 

A. Acetic, Benzoic, Carbolic, Citric, Gallic, Lactic, 
Oleic, Oxalic, Salicylic, Tannic, Tartaric. 

Q. How are they obtained? 



-^7,6 MEMORY WORK. 

A. Acetic Acid — principally from the dry distilla- 
tion of wood. 

Benzoic — By sublimation from benzoin or from coal 
tar products. 

Carbolic — By distilling that portion of coal tar 
known as ^'dead oil," and rectifying. 

Citric — Is obtained from lemons and limes. 

Gallic — Obtained from powdered nut galls . 

Lactic — Procured from sour milk or whey. 

Oleic — Obtained as a by product in the manufacture 
of stearine candles and glycerine, also by saponifying 
Almond Oil with Oxide of Lead. 

Oxalic — Is obtained from Sorrel and Ehubarb, and 
artificially by digesting sugar and Nitric Acid. 

Salicylic — Is prepared on a large scale from Carbolic 
Acid, also by treating Oil of Wintergreen with a 
strong solution of Caustic Potash. 

Tannic — Obtained from nut-galls, hemlock, etc. 

Tartaric- — Is obtained from Cream of Tartar by 
adding Carbonate of Lime to its aqueous solution, 
from the crude tartar of wine casks. 

Q. Name several officinal compounds of Tartaric 
Acid. 

A. Antimonii et Potassi Tartras, Ferri et Ammonii 
Tartras, Potassii Bitartras, Potassi et Sodii Tartras. 

Q. How is dilute Acetic Acid made? 

A. One ounce C. P. Acetic Acid to 5i ounce water. 

Q. What is Cream of Tartar? 

A. A commercial product derived from the crude 
tartar or argol that collects on the sides of casks of 
fermenting wine. 

Q. What is White Vitriol ? 

A. Sulphate of Zinc. 

Q. What is Blue Vitriol? 

A. Sulphate of Copper. 



MEMORY WORK. 337 

Q. What is green vitriol? 

A. Copperas (protosulphate of iron). 

Q. How it is obtained? 

A. By the action of Sulphuric Acid on the metals. 

Q. What is Camphor? 

A. It is a product derived from the Camphora 
Ofhcinarum, a tree growing in the east and southern 
part of Asia. It is procured by distillation with water 
and purified by sublimation. 

Q. What is alum? 

A. Sulphate of Aluminum and Sulphate of Potassa 
in combination. 

Q. What is glycerine? 

A. It is a by-product in the manufacture of soaps, 
and obtained from fats and fixed oils. 

Q. What is a fixed oil? 

A. An expressed oil possessing an unctuous greasy 
feeling. It may always be known by leaving a per- 
manent stain on paper, and not readily volatilized — 
Example,01ive Oil. 

Q. What are essential oils. 

A. Oils obtained from plants, chiefly by distillation 
with water. They are soluble in water, alcohol and 
ether. 

Q. How are essential or volatile oils extracted. 

A. By expression, by distillation with water, by ex- 
traction with a volatile solvent and by the process of 
enfleurage. 

Q. Name six essential or volatile oils? 

A. Bitter xilmonds. Cinnamon, Eoses, Lavender, 
Bergamot and Peppermint. 

Q. What are Ply dro carbons. 

A. Oils composed almost entirely of Carbon and 
Hydrogen — hence the name. 

Q. Name the official Hydrocarbons. 



MEMORY WORK. 



A. Copaiba is procured from a tree, the Copifera 
officinalis found in South America, Oil Juniper, de- 
rived from juniper us Communis, Oil Cubebs from Piper 
Cubeba, Oil Savin, derived from Juniperus Sabina, 
Oil Turpentine, derived from the pine. 

Q. What is Strychnia, and how obtained? 

A. A vegetable alkaloid the active principle of 
Strychnos Ignatia, Nux Vomica, etc. 

Q. What soap is officinal? 

A. Green soap. 

Q. What is matter? 

A. Everything having length, breadth and thick- 
ness; that which effects our senses and occupies 
space. 

Q. What is a simple element? 

A. One that cannot be divided and is not derived 
from any other kind of matter. 

A. Name five? 

A. Gold, silver, sulphur, oxygen, hydrogen. 

Q. How many simple elements are known? 

A. Sixty two, for certainty. 

Q. How many chiefly concerns us? 

A. Only about fifteen. 

Q. Can you name them? 

A. Aluminum, antmiony, arsenic, barium, sulphur 
bromine,potassium, calcium, carbon, chlorine, cobalts, 
copper, hydrogen, iodine, iron, lead, magnesia, mer- 
cury, nitrogen, oxygen, etc. 

Q. What is affinity? 

A. That force which unites atoms of unlike sub 
stances into compounds possesing entirely distinct 
properties. 

Q. What is a compound body? 

A. A body that can be separated into two or more 
elements. 



.MEMORY WORK.] 339 



Q. What are the ultimate particles of matter 
called? 

A. Atoms? 

Q. What is a molecule? 

A. Several atoms combined. 

Q. What is force? 

A. Whatever produces or opposes motion. 

Q. Name some of the great forces of nature? 

A. Attraction of gravitation, light, heat, electric- 
ity. 

Q. What is gravitation? 

A. The force by which all bodies attract and ap- 
proach each other. 

Q. What is weight? 

A. The measure of force or strength of terrestrial 
gravitation on a body. 

Q. Give the test for good water? 

A. To a tumbler full of water add a table-spoonful 
of filtered solution of tannic acid in 4 parts of water, 
and 1 part alcohol. If unfit for use it wiil become 
cloudy or precipitate appear. 

Q. What is Quevenne's iron? 

A. Iron by Hydogen. 

Q. What is Eed Precipitate. 

A. Red oxide mercury. 

Q. What is mercurial ointment? 

A. Blue ointment. 

Q. What is verdigris? 

A. Subacetate of copper. 

Q. What is Prussiate of potash? 

A. Ferrocyanide of potash. 

Q. How is granulated Citrate of Magnesia pre- 
pared ? 

A. It is prepared by rubbing together first carbon 
ate of magnesia, citric acid and water forming a 



340 MEMORY WORK. 

paste. It is then dried and powdered. Next a com- 
bination of sugar, bicarbonate of soda and an addi- 
tional quantity of citric acid made into a fine powder 
are mixed wdth it and lastly the mass is dampened 
w4th alcohol and rubbed into a coarse powder through 
a sieve . 

Q. How is Creta Praeparata (prepared chalk) made? 

A. It is made from the native Carbonate of Cal- 
cium, purified by elutriation. 

Q. How is chalk mixture (Cretse Mistura) made ? 

A. Compound chalk powder, 20 parts. 

Cinnamon water, 20 " 

Water, 20 '' 

Mix. 

Q What is Muriatic Acid or HCl? 

A. It is a by-product in the manufacture of soda 
ash by decomposing common salt at a high tempera- 
ture with Sulphuric Acid. 

Q. What per cent has the dilute acid of the U.S. P. 
and how made? 

A. Ten per cent, made by taking 6 parts of HCl 
and 13 parts distilled water. 

Q. What is Nitric Acid or HNO3 ? 

A. A bubstance composed of 69.4 per cent, of abso- 
lute Nitric Acid and 30.6 per cent, of water. 

Q. How is dilute Nitric Acid made U.S.? 

A. Absolute Nitric Acid 10 per cent, (or 14.3 per 
cent . ofiicinal) prepared by diluting 1 part Nitric Acid 
with 6 parts of water. 

Q. What is the method of preparing abstracts? 

A. See abstracts — page 210 

Q. What are alkaloids? 

A. Generally the active principles of drugs whether 
animal or vegetable. 



MEMORY WORK. 341 

Q. What is the most important change in theU. S. 
P. 1880, as compared with former editions? 

A. (1). An absolute alphabetical arrangement 
throughout. (2). The nomenclature conforms to the 
more recent progress of botany. (3). The adoption 
of parts by weight and the abandonment of all 
measures of capacity, quantity being expressed by 
weight. (4). In the strength of preparations which 
involves a change in their dose. (5). The introduc- 
tion of new classes of drugs, powdered extracts or 
abstracts, tinctures from fresh plants, triturations 
petroleum for ointments. 

Q. Name the -Dispensatories in use in the United 
States? 

A. King's, The National and United States. 

Q. In what year was the first Pharmacopeia pub- 
lished in the United States. 

A. In 1820. 

Q. From what sources are the crude potash salts 
obtained? 

A. Formerly wood ashes, now the principal source 
is an impure chloride from the Stassfurt mines in Ger- 
many. 

Q. What amount of crude drug does the finished 
abstract represent ? 

A. Double the amount. 

Q. How is Potassa (Caustic Potash) prepared ? 

A. Turn wood ashes by lixeviating boiling, treating 
them with lime in order to absorb the carbonic acid 
from the potash, evaporating, purifing, casting into 
moulds. 

Q. What are the preparations of opium in the U. S. 
P. 1880? 

A. Extract of opium, powdered opium, tincture 
opium deodorized, acetate of opium, camphorated 
tincture opium, (paregoric), wine of opium, pills of 



34- MEMORY WORK. 

opium, powder of ipecac and opium, Dover's powder. 

Q. What is denarcotized opium called officinally? 

A. Tincture opii deodorata. 

Q. How is it prepared ? 

A. By extracting the narcotine and odor with 
ether, and alcohol. 

Q. How is chloroform purified? 

A. By purifying commercial chloroform with sul- 
phuric acid, carbonate of sodium, alcohol and lime, 
then distilling. 

Q. Name the officinal preparations ? 

A. Spirits of chloroform, chloroform mixture, chlo- 
roform liniment. 

Q. What two acids are found in opium? 

A. Meconic and lactic. 

Q. How many alkaloids does opium contain? 

A. Nineteen, the principal is morphine. 

Q. Whau is Carbonate of Potassium, and how 
obtained? 

A. It is a salt commonly called Pearlash. It is 
obtained almost exclusively from the ashes of land 
plants. Its symbol is KO CO2. 

Q. How is Chlorate of Potassa procured? 

A. A stream of clilorine gas is transmitted through 
a strong solution of caustic potash, the gas is ab- 
sorbed and a bleaching solution is the result. This, 
by standing, or the application of heat, becomes a 
mixture of Chloride of Potassium and Chlorate of 
Potash. The Chlorate is the least soluble and sepa^-- 
ates into shining tubular crystals. 

Q. What is Iodine, and how procured? 

A. It is an element discovered in 1811 by the 
French chemist Courtois. It is a constituent of all 
sea water of mixed springs. It exists in all marine 
plants. The greater part of the Iodine of commerce 



?^IEMORY WORK. , ^^43 



is manufactured at Glascow from kelp or the ashes of 
sea weed. A ton of kelp contains nine pounds of 
Iodine. 

Q. What is Chloroform ? 

A. It is a distilled mixture of Alcohol and Chlor- 
inated Lime in Symbol C2H CI3. 

Q. What is a Sulphate? 

A. It is a salt formed by the action of Sulphuric 
Acid on a base. 

Q. What is a Sulphide ? 

A. It is a salt formed by the action of sulphurous 
acid on a base. 

Q. What is a proof spirit ? 

A. Equal parts of absolute alcohol and water by 
weight U. S. P. 1880. 

Q. How is alcohol obtained? 

A. By distillation of various kinds of liquors. 

Q. How are Seitlitz powders, Dover's powders, 
Tully's powders, compound chalk powder and James' 
powder made? 

A. See page 185 

Q. What degree of fineness is necessary for the 
substance to be acted upon? 

A.' No. 20 means coarse. 

'< 40 " moderately coarse. 
'' 50 " moderately fine. 
'' 60 '' fine. 
" 80 '' very fine. 

Q. What is the difference between a tincture and 
a Spirit ? 

A. A tincture is an alcohol solution of a non-vola- 
tile substance, and a spirit an alcoholic solution of a 
volatile substance. 

Q. Name five modes of preparing spirits. 

A. See '^Spirits" page 186. 



344 MEMORY WORK 



Q. Give a general formula for preparing Fluid Ex- 
tracts, Solid Extracts and Abstracts. 

A. See page 56-183 

Q. Give the officinal name of Epsom Salts. How 
prepared ? 

A. Sulphate of iM agnesia Mg S 0^ 7 H^ O.It is pre- 
pared from the mother liquor left after the partial 
evaporation of sea water by the addition of sulphuric 
acid. 

Q. What is Pepsin? 

A. The mucous membrane of the pig's stomach. 

Q. What is Lugol's solutions? 

A. Liquor lodi comp., (see liquors page). 

Q. How is Bicarbonate Soda obtained? 

A. It is obtained by passing carbonic acid gas 
through a solution of carbonate of soda. Common 
name, Saleratus. 

Q. What is Creosote, and how obtained? 

A, It is a colorless, oily fluid, obtained from pyro- 
ligneous acid and wood tar. 

Q. What is White Arsenic? 

A. Arsenious Acid As O2. 

Q. What is Morphia? 

A. This Alkaloid is the active principle of opium, 
which is the dried juice of the poppy. 

Q. Give the ingredients of Tinct, Opii Deodorata. 

A. Powdered Opium, 10 pts. ; Ether 10, pts. ; Al- 
cohol, 20; water, q s. 

Q. Give the ingredients of Tinct. Lavender com- 
pound. 

A. Oil of Lavender, 8 pts. ; Oil of Kosemary, 2 
Cinnamon, powdered, 18 pts, ; Cloves, 4 pts. ; Nut- 
meg, 10 pts. ; Red Saunders, 8 pts. ; Alcohol, 680 pts. ; 
Water, 270 pts., and dihite Alcohol q s to make 1000 
pts. 

Q. What is Specific Gravity? 



^lE^vIORY WORK. 345 

A. See Specific Gravity, page 21 

Q. What two systems of weight are recognized in 
Pharmacy? 

A. The EngUsh and the Metric. 

Q. What is an atom? 

A. An indivisible portion of matter. 

Q. What is a molecule? 

A. A molecule is a compound of several atoms 
united. 

Q. What are the three forms of matter? 

A. Solid Liquid and G-aseous. 

Q. What is meant by chemical action? 

A. The result of the force of affinity, in which the 
color, taste, smell and action of substances become 
changed so that new bodies, with quite different prop- 
erties, are formed from the old. 

Q. What is saturation? 

A. When a liquid has dissolved as much of a solid 
as it is capable of doing, it is said to be saturated. 

Q. What are crystals? 

A. The particles of most substances in passing 
from a liquid to a solid condition that assume regular 
geometrical solids are termed crystals. 

Q. What is a balsam? Name two officinal. 

A. Seepage 86. 

Q. WhatisCollodeon? 

A. Gun Cotton dissolved in ether, and alcohol 

Q . Tragacanth. What is it? Give its habitat, com- 
position, etc. 

A. Tragacanth is a gummy exudation from the stem 
of Astragalus verus. Collected in Asia Minor. It 
comes to us in shell-like curved plates, tough and 
elastic. It is often adulterated with other gums, and 
also wdth white lead. 

Q. How is balsam of Peru obtained? 



346 MEMORY WORK. 



A. It is collected from the trunk of the tree 
Myroxylin Pereirse after the removal of the bark. 

Q. Give its habitat, character and adulterants. 

A. Central America furnishes us with a very large 
quantity. The Inland of San Salvador is noted for its 
exportation of this substance. It is of a roddish- 
brown or nearly black liquid, translucent in thin films, 
having the consistence of syrup and an acrid, bitter 
taste. Its impurities consist in mixing with it many 
worthless resins. 

Q. What is the official name for dandelion root? 

A. Taraxaci Radix. 

Q. Describe the plant; give habit at character, com- 
position, etc? 

A. The fresh and dried roots of Taraxacum Dens 
Leonis. It is found in our fields and meadows in 
great profusion. It has tap-shaped roots, smooth and 
dark brown externally, gives out an inodorous, bitter, 
milky juice. Taraxacum contains a principle tarax- 
cin, and abundance of potassium and calcium, sugar 
and resinous bodies. 

Q. Describe Uva Ursi Folia? 

A. Its common name is Bearberry leaves. From 
the dried leaves of Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi. It is 
indigenous. It contains a Glucoside arbutin, yield- 
ing in the urine Benzoic acid. 

Q. What is the percentage of strength of Aqua 
Ammonia, known as 4 F? 

A. Twenty- eight per cent . 

Q. How is the Ammonia water prepared from it? 

A. By adding 1.8 parts to 1 pt. aqua Ammonia by 
weight. 

Q. Why is Ammonia water used in the preparation 
of purified Chloride of Ammonia ? 

A. To precipitate the iron. 



MEMORY WORK. 347 



Q. AYlien sulphur is prescribed, what form of it 
should be dispensed? 

A. Washed sulphur. If in liquid mixtures, precipi- 
tated sulphur . 

Q. What antidote would you administer to a per- 
son poisoned with oxalic acid? 

A. Lime water. It neutrahzes the poison by form- 
ing an insoluble oxalate of calcium. 

Q. How would you differentiate betwet^n a gum- 
resin, a resin or an oleo-resin? 

A. See pages 187-188. 

Q. Describe the character, composition, etc., of 
Ohveoil? 

A. Olive oil is expressed in the south of France 
from the ripe fruit of Olea europaea. It has a pale, 
yellow color, and a bland oily taste. It is composed 
of about 72 per cent of a fluid oil and 28 per cent of 
a solid oil, or stearoptine. 

Q. How is Stychina obtained? 

A. From Nux Vomica, by adding a solution of 
acetate of lead to a concentrated tincture, so as to 
precipitate the coloring matter. Then, by adding the 
Ammonia to the solution to precipitate the alkaloids, 
the Brucia is dissolved out by means of boiling spirit. 
The strychinia is next crystallized out by evaporation. 

Q. What is the active principle of mandrake, and 
how obtained? 

A. Podophylli Resina. By extracting with spirit 
and precipitating in acidulated water. 

Q. Why is carbonate of Potassium used in syrup 
of Ehubarb? 

A. To dissolve the resins and chrysoqhanic acid, and 
to establish apermament solution. 

Q. Why is infusion of wild cherry made without 
heat? 



348 MEMORY WORK. 



Q. How much Chloroform is there in one fluid 
drachm spts Chloroform ? 

A. Sp. gr. 844x7302 grains in pint=6162 .8 grains. 
Then take 10% of 6162.8=616-^128 drs (in 1 pint) 
=4.8 grs. This devid by 1.49 the sp gr of Chloroform 
gives 3.2 minims. 

Q. What is mother liquor? 

A. When a substance separates itself in part from 
a liquid by crystallization, the solution remaining be- 
hind is termed the mother liquor. 

Q. What is meant by the water of crystallization? 

A. There are substances that will not assume a 
crystalline form until they chemically combine w^ith a 
definite anaount of water — this is termed the water of 
crystallization, 

Q. What is a Cerate, and give modes of prepara- 
tion? 

A. See Cerates, page 201. 

Q. What is the difference between a pint Imperial 
and a pint U. S. P. 

A. The Imperial pint is 20 ounces at 60 F. 
The U. S. P. '' " 16 '' " 60 F. 

Q. What is a Fluid Ext? Hov/ prepared? 

A. See page 56. 

Q. Give the ingredients of Lead Plaster. 

A. Oxide of Lead, Olive Oil and water. 

Q. What is a Liquor? How prepared ? 

A. See page 32. 

Q. What is heat? 

A. The senation of w^armth. 

Q, What is cold? 

A. A term expressing the absence of heat in a de- 
gree, not its total absence. 

Q. What is temperature? 

A. See article "Thermometry," page 17. 



MEMORY WORK. 349 

Q. What is Monsell's solution ? 

A. Liq subsulphate of Iron. 

Q. Ipecacuanha — Ipecac. How is it obtained. Give 
adulterants and composition. 

A. It is the dried root of Cephgelis Ipecacuanha, 
procured in Brazil. It is adulterated often with al- 
mond meal, but easily detected by odor of Prussic acid. 
Ipecac contains an active principle called Emetin. 

Q. Describe Catechu. 

A. Catechu Pallideum, or Pale Catechu, is an ex- 
tract of the leaves and young shoots of Uncaria Gam- 
bir and imported into this country from Singapore and 
other parts of Hindostan. It contains a bitter sub- 
stance called Catechin. Catechu is incompatible with 
alkalies, metallic salts and gelatine. 

Q. What is Caff ein? 

A. An alkaloid obtained from Coffee, Tea, Guarana, 
etc. Tea contains 1 to 4 per cent, of Caffein; Coffee' 
0.2 to 0.8; Guarana, about 5 percent. 

Q. How many grains will a 10 per cent, tincture 
contains Alcohol, .820. 

A. About 608 grains in one pint of Alcohol. 

Q. What is the difference between gravity and 
weight? 

A. Gravity is the attraction of bodies for each other. 
Weight is the measure of the earth's attraction. 

Q. How many British fluid ounces in one U. S. 
pint? 

A. Sixteen and sixty-seven one hundredth (16.67 
ounces.) 

Q. How many U. S. fluid ounces in one imperial 
gallon. 

A. One imperial gallon contains 70,000 grains of 
water. iV U. S. ounce contains 455.7 grains. There- 
fore 70,000-455.7: 153.60 nearly U. S. fluid ounces. 



350 



MEMORY WORK. 



Q. Why are vegetable substances dried before they 
are used in medicine? 

A. To prevent decomposition ; to reduce buhi and 
facihtate communication. 

Q. How is Elaterium obtained? 

A. A sediment from the juice of Ecbahum Officina. 
rum. The juice is pressed from the incised fruit, 
strained, filtered and dried. 

Q. Give its action and doses. 

A. It is much "like Colocynth as a gastro-intestinal 
irritant. It is the most violent purgative we possess, 
about 1-6 grain. 

Q. What is Conii Folia? How obtained? 

A. Hemlock leaves. From the fresh leaves of the 
spotted Hemlock. 

Q. What are its incompatibles? 

A. Caustic Alkalies, vegetable acids and astringents. 

Q. Assafcetida. What is it. How obtained. Give 
habitat and cliaracter, composition. 

A. It is a gum resin obtained by incision from the 
living root of Narthex Assafoetida. We import it from 
Afghanistan and the Punjaub. It is composed of a 
volatile oil, 65 per cent, of resin and 25 per cent, of 
gum. It has a bitter, acrid, fetid odor. When cat 
fresh it is opaque white. 

Q. What is the pharmical name for Calabar Bean? 
Give its habitat, character and uses. 

A. Physostigmatis Faba. It is imported from Avest- 
ern Africa. The bean is about the size of a common 
horse-bean, weighing on an average 46 grains. It is 
hard, white and pulverizable, of an aromatic flavor. 
It is used in quite a variety of diseases, especially of 
the eye and genital organs. Its alkaloid is called 
esserine. 

Q. What is the pharmical name for Cloves, habitat 
and uses, etc? 



MEMORY WORK. 351 

A. Carophyllum. Cultivated in the East India 
Islands, Penang, Bencoolen and iVmboyna. The dried 
unexpanded flower buds are used. They are of a dark 
reddish. brown, emiting a fragrant odor and a spicy, 
pungent taste. An oil is procured by distillation of a 
burning, spicy taste. It is found in all our pharmacies. 

A. What is a Cormus. Give example. 

A. A Cormas is a fleshy subterranean stem of a 
round or oval figure. Example : Indian Turnip. 

Q. What is a bulb? Give example. 

A. .A bulb is an extremely abbreviated stem clothed 
with scales. Example : The lily. 

Q. What is a herb? 

A. A herb is one in which the stem does not become 
woody, but dies down to the ground, at least after 
flowering. 

Q. What is a shrub? 

A. A woody plant branched near the ground. 

Q. What is a leaf? 

A. It is a flat expanse of epidermis called the lamina 
limb or blade. 

Q. Give the anatomy of a flower? 

A. The organs of a flower are of two sorts, viz : 
first, its leaves or envelopes; second, those peculiar 
organs having no resemblance to the envelopes. The 
envelopes are of two kinds, or occupy two rows, one 
above or within the other. The lower or outer row is 
termed the Calyx and commonly exhibits the green 
color of the leaves. The inner row, which is usually 
of more delicate texture, is termed the Corolla. The 
leaves of the corolla are called petals and the leaves of 
the calyx are called sepals. The floral envelopes are 
called Perianth. Within the floral envelopes we have 
two rows of organs; in the first row are the stamens. 
This consists of a stalk called the Filament, which 
bears a rounded bodv called tlie antler, filled with a 



35 2 MEMORY WORK. 



substance called the pollen. The seed-bearing organs 
are called pistils. The organs of tlie flower grow out 
of the apex of the flower stalk, into which they are 
inserted, and which is called the torus or receptacle. 

Q. Name several forms of leaves. 

A. Lanceolate, (like a lance) ; Cuneiform, (like a 
wedge) ; Cordate, (like a heart) ; Eeneform, (like a kid- 
ney) ; Peltate, (like a shield) ; Serrate, (sharp teeth 
like a saw) ; palmate, (like the hand) ; Pedate, (like a 
bird's foot). 

Q. What parts of the plant are used in medicine? 

Q. All parts of the plant; sometimes the seeds only, 
in others the flowers, the leaves, root, rhizome, in 
others two or more of these parts, and again in others 
the whole plant. 

Q. What is the root? 

A. That portion of a plant usually found in the earth. 

Q. What is the rhizome of a plant? 

A. A prostrate stem, either subterraneous or resting 
on the surface. 

Q. Give an example. 

Q. The Calamus or blood root. 

Q. What is a Tuber? Give example. 

A. A tuber is an enlargement of the apex of a sub- 
terranean branch of the root. Example: Potato or 
artichoke. 

Q. How is Fowler's solution prepared and what pel* 
cent Arsenious acid. 

A. See solutions, page 32; one per cent. 

Q. What per cent, of Morphia in Tully's Powder. 

A. One in 61 parts. 

Q. What percent, of Morphia in Magendie's sol? 

A. Sixteen grains to the ounce. 

Q. What per cent, of Mercury in Blue Mass? 

A. Thirty- three per cent. 

What per cent, of opium in Tinct. opii? 



MEMORY WORK. 353 



A. Ten per cent. 

Q. What is Aqua Kegia; Why so called? 

A. Nitro-Muriatic acid. So called from the power 
it possesses of dissolving gold. King of the metals. 

Q. How is Sulphurous acid formed? 

A. When sulphur is burned in oxygen or atmos- 
pheric air. 

Q. In what form does arsenic occur naturally? 

A. Sometimes native, but generally occurs in the 
form of an alloy with some other metal as iron, cobalt, 
nickel, copper and tin. 

Q. Where is the article of commerce obtained? 

A. The greater part in Silesia, Germany. 

Q. How is it prepared? 

A. It is volatillized by heat in the form of an oxide 
condensed and collected in the form of a w^hite 
powder. 

Q. What is the officinal name of Fowler's Solution? 

A. Liquor Potassi Arsenitis. 

Q. What are its component parts? 

A. One per cent Arseneous xlcid ; 1 per cent Po 
tassa Bicarb ; 3 per cent compound Tincture of Lav- 
ender and water. 

Q. What is meant in Chemistry by Eeactions and 
Eeagents? 

A. All matter is more or less liable to chemical 
change. This is reaction, and the agents which cause 
these changes are reagents. 

Q. Name the three forms of matter. 

A. The Solid, the Liquid and the Gaseous. 

Q. What is a Liquid? 

A. A liquid body is one in which the particles com- 
posing is are held together very loosely by the force 
of cohesion. 

Q. What is a gaseous body? 



354 MEMORY WORK. 

A. A body whose particles are not held together by 
the force of cohesion, but by the force of gravity. 

Q. What is chemistry? 

A. That department of science which relates to the 
phenomena, arising from the force of affinity. 

Q. It is divided into two classes. Name them. 

A. Organic and Inorganic. 

Q. What is organic chemistry ? 

A. The chemistry of organized bodies. 

Q. What is Inorganic chemistry. 

A. The chemistry of minerals, or unorganized 
bodies. 

Q. How is aconitia obtained? 

A. By dissolving the alcoholic extract of the pow- 
' dered root in water, i^recipitating the impure aconitia 
by ammonia, extracting the dried precipitate with 
ether, dissolving in dilute sulphuric acid, again pre- 
cipitating with ammonia, and purifying. 

Q. Give the pharmical name of star anise ? 

A. Illicium anisatum. 

Q. Where and how is the oil obtained? 

A. The oil is distilled in China frcm the fruit. 

Q. What is opium? 

A. It is the juice, inspissated by spontaneous eva- 
poration, obtained by incision from the unripe cap- 
sules of the poppy, papover somniferum, grown in 
Asia minor. 

Q. What is a test for good opium. 

A. 100 grains ought to yield G to 8 grains of mor- 
phia. 

Q. Name the principal kind of aloes, active princi- 
ple, and give its chief preparations and doses. 

A, Barbadoes and Socotrine. The active principle 
is a very bitter alkaloid called alvin C^^H^^O^, the 
fluid extract 5 to 30 drops, the tincture 1 to 2 drams, 
solid extract 2 to 3 grains, aqueous extract 2 to 3 
gfrains, wine of aloes 1 to 2 fl. drams. 



MEMORY WORK. 3-5 



Q. What is the common name for veratrum veride. 
Give its medical properties. 

A. Green Hellebore. 

It is an arterial sedative in fevers, pneumonia, etc. 

Q. Lqbelia. State what parfc of the plant is used. 

x\. The leaf of the dried flowering herb. 

Q. Name the chief preparations of aconite. 

A. Fluid extract, tincture, extract aconitia. 

Q. Give the officinal name for wood charcoal? 

A. Carbo Ligni . 
. Q. How is it produced? 

A. Wood charred by exposure to a red heat with- 
out access of air. 

Q. Give the officinal name for animal charcoal, and 
how obtained? 

A. Carbo Animalis. It is obtained by exposing 
bones to a red heat without the access of air. 

Q. How is sweet spirits nitre obtained? 

A. By distilling a mixture of rectified spirit, nitric 
acid, sulphuric acid and copper, and dissolving the 
distillate in spirit. 

Q. How is nitrate of amyl obtained? 

A. By heating nitric acid with amylic alcohol, dis- 
tilling and purifying the product. 

Q. How is petrolatum obtained? 

A. By distilling the lighter portions of petroleum, 
and purifying the residue. 

Q. Why is distilled water used in the preparation of 
liq plumbi sabacetatis dilutus ? 

A. To avoid producing carbonate of lead, boiled dis- 
tilled water being free from carbonic acid gas. 

Q. How would you distinguish epsom salts from 
sulp. zinc? 

A. Sulphate of zinc is acid to test paper, sulphate 
of magnesia is not. 

Q. How many officinal liquors are there? 



35 6 MEMORY WORK. 

A. Eleven simple and 16 chemical. 

Q. What is the size of a drop? 

A. A drop and a minim are erroneously said to be 
equal, and this may be true as to water but not true 
when applied to any other kind of liquid. A drop of 
heavy syrup is much larger than a drop of water. A 
drop of syrup of Acacia is five times as large as a drop 
of chloroform. 

Q. What effect would dilute sulphuric acid have on 
starch. 

A. Convert it into glucose. 

Q. Into what groups are volatile oils divided? 

A. Into five, viz : terpenes, oxigenated, nitrogena- 
ted, sulphuriated and empyreumatic oils. 

Q. What is saponification? 

A. It is a process by which fats become changed 
into acids, and by combination with an alkali form 
soap. 

Q. Why is boiling necessary in preparing Fowler's 
solution? 

A. Because boiling effects combination and solution 
of the arsenious acid and potass bi-carbonate, produc- 
ing potassa arseniate. 

Q. Of what use is common salt (chloride of sodium) 
in pharmacy? 

Q. In the preparation of chlorine gas, hydrochloric 
acid, corrosive sublimate and calomel. 

Q. What is litharge? 

A. The oxide of lead. 

Q. Howls acetate of lead obtained? 

A. By dissolving litharge in acetic acid. 

Q. Give the officinal name for salts of tartar. 

A. Potassii carbonas. 



INDEX, 



Abstracts, 217 

Abbreviations Used in Prescribing, 2G6 

Ague Medicine for Adults, 256 

Ague Mixture for Children, 257 

Allen's Mrs. Hair Balsam, 299 

Antidote and Treatment for Poisons, 257 

Aquse Memory Work, 21 

Aqu^ Aromatic Perfumed, 33 

Adulteration of Oil to Detect, 304 

Aqua Rose, 310 

Artificial Cider, 318 

Athlophorous, 319 

AquaCalcis, 28 

" Camphor, 29 

'' Distilled, 20 

'' Lobeha, 30 

" Rosae, 30 

*' Tar, 31 

'' Yanilla, 37 

August Flower, 327 

Baking Powder, 320 

Baking Powder No. 1, 319 

No. 2, 320 

Balsams, 18H 

Balsam Anodyne, 330 

Canada, 330 

Factitious, 331 

" Copaiba, Imitation of 332 

Factitious, 331 

Friar's, 328 

Glycerine, 329 

Honey, 329 

Horehound, 328 

Pectoral, 330 

Riga, 329 



INDEX, 



Balsam Turpentine, 


830 


Tolu Factitious, 


331 


to Detect, 


331 


" Universal Wound, 


329 


Balsams Unofficinal, 


328 


Bandoline Rose, 


234 


Basham's Mixture, 


296 


Belfast Ginger Ale Powders, 


310 


Benzine to Deodorize, 


282 


Beef Tea (Bouillon) with Celery, 


125 


Blue Marking Ink for White Goods, 


295 


Boracic Acid, 


279 


" / Cotton, 


286 


Boschees German Syrup, 


274 


Brandreth's Pills, 


281 


British Oil, 


308 


Brilliantine, 


234 


" Made Like Pomatum, 


234 


British oil, 


158 


Brown Mixture, 


308 


Bromo-Chloralum, 


323 


Brunelli's Process of Embalming, 


320 


Butter Color, 


308 


Cadbury's Mixtuie, 


321 


Camphorated Dovers Powder, 


298 


Cancer Remedy for 


288' 


Carbolic Acid to Bleach, 


289 


Castor Oil and Glycerine, 


277 


Cascara Cordial, 


307 


Caoutchouc Oil, 


305 


Blacking, 


305 


Cement for Porcelain Letters on Glass, 


281 


Cerates, 


201 


Cerate Comp. Resin, 


296 


Chandler's Chlorodyne, 


298 


Champagne Cider, 


294 


Chamberlain's Relief, 


163 


Charcoal Tootb Paste, 


285 


Chemical Nomenclature, 


24 


Chewing Gums, 


326 


Chalk Mixture Dry, 


309 


Clou's Fumants, 


313 


Cordova Blacking, 


305 


Epsom Salts to Disguise Taste, 


311 



INDEX, 



Cliloiodyne, 


326 


Cholera Infantum, 


255 


Cholera Cure No. 1, 


255 


'^ No. 2, 


255 


Chronic Catarrh, 


257 


_ " Chills, 


252 


Cigar Flavoring, 


281 


Cod Liver Oil with Qumia, 


288 


Cold Cream, 


235 


Camphor, 


235 


Glycerme, 


235 


'' Rose, 


236 


Vaseline, 


236 


Colognes, 


227 


Cologne Citronella, 


229 


Eau De 


229 


Jockey Club, 


22» 


" Farina, 


228 


^' G-erman, 


229 


^' Hoyt's German, 


227 


Magnoha, 


228 


Oil of 


228 


Water Best, 


229 


'^ Ylang Ylang, 


228 


Coloi for Show Bottles, 


296 


Cologogue, 


252 


Comp Licorice Powder, 


324 


Convulsions, 


253 


" and Spasms, 


251 


Cosmetics, Substances Used in Making, 


232 


Cosmetics, 


230 


Cotton Wool, how to Purify, 


290 


Cough Mixture, 


256 


Counter Prescribing, 


249 


Croup Remedy, 


257 


Cuticura Resolvent, 


325 


Detergent Mouth Wash, 


285 


Dose for Inhalation, 


263 


Dysmenorrhea, 


248 


Dyspepsia Cure, 


257 


Eau de Bot, 


284 


Eau Lustrale, 


244 


Ehxirs, 


74 


Ehxir Aconite Root, 


78 



INDEX. 



Elixir, Alterative, 81 

Anise, 76 

Anodyne, 77 

Antacid Comp, 77 

Assafoetida, 78 

Asarum Comp, 77 

Atropia, 78 

Areca Nut and Male Fern, 87 

Arsenic and Strychnine, 79 

Beef 79 

Belladonna, 84 

Bismuth, 80 

" Strychnia and Iron, 81 

Black Haw, 80 

Blue Flag, 80 

Bromide of Ammonia, 82 

Calisaya Bark, 83 

" No. 2, 83 
'* or Cinchona made from Alka- 

loide, 86 

^' with Hypophosphites, 8^ 

" with Lactophosphate of Lime,. 84 

Cathartic Comp, 85 

Chestnut Leaves, 85 

Chloral Hydrate and Bromide of Potassium, 85 

Coloring for 75 

Cochineal Coloring, 76 

Dandehon Comp, 86 

Gentian and Bismuth, 94 

^' L'on and Bismuth, 93 

" and Strychnia, 93 

Iodide of Calcium, 95 

" " Potassium, 94 

Lactate of Iron, 94 

Lactophosphate of Iron and Lime, 95 

Muriate Ammonia, 87 

Pepsin, 87 

" and Bismuth, 88 

•^ Bismuth and Iron, 89 

" Cahsaya, 90 

" Strychnia, ^ 88 

" ^' Iron and Strychnia, 89 



IXDEX, 





' " Quinia, 


90 




' " Iron and Strychina, 


90 




' " and Strychnia, 


88 




' Pyrophosphate of Iron and Quinia, 


91 




' Quinia, 


91 




' Rhubarb, Columbo and Iron, 


92 




' Simple, 


75 




" No. 2. 


75 




' '' Taraxicum comp. 


95 




' '* Valerianate of Ammonia, 


87-93 




" and Morphia, 


92 




'' " Quinia, 


92 


Embalming Fluid, 


276 


Emulsions, 


139 


Emulsion, note on, 


142 


" Almonds, 


152 


" Bals. Copaiba, 


148 


" Camphor, 


144 


^' Cod Liver Oil, 


150 


'' '' '' " with Iodide Potassium, 


152 


'' Cod Liver Oil and Lactophosphate of 




Calcium, 


151 


" Cod Liver Oil and Phosphate of Lime, 


153 


"" " " '' '' Pancreatin, 


15] 


" of Essential Oils, 


141 


" with Grum Arabic, 


145 


" of Gum Resins, 


142-146 


'' " Monobromated Camphor, 


152 


^' Oil and Balsam, 


140 


'' of Olive Oil, 


151 


" " Phosphorous, 


144 


" " Quillaya, 


149 


^' '' Resins, 


143 


'[ '' Seed, 


139 


English Aromatic Vinegar, 


293 


" Curry Powder, 


32-2 


Essences, 


65 


Essence Banana, 


68 


" Bay, 


69 


'' Bergamot, 


68 


" Bitter Almonds, 


69 




" Blackberry, 


69 





INDEX. 

< 




u 


Calamus, 


70 


a 


Carraway, 


67 


i . 


Celery, 


70 


a 


Cinnamon, 


69 


a 


Cloves, 


69 


>i 


Cochineal, 


70 


u 


Coriander, 


67 


u 


Eucalyptus and Cod Liver Oil, 


2S7 


cc 


Ginger, 


70 


ii 


Jamaica Ginger, 


70 


n 


Lemon, 


71 


u 


Mace, 


71 


u 


Nectar, 


68 


u 


Nutmeg, 


71 


it 


Orange, 


71 


u 


Orgeat, 


78 


iC 


Pear, 


71 


(( 


Peppermint, 


72 


(( 


Pmeapple, 


72 


ii 


Raspberry, 


72 


ii 


Sarsaparilla, 


73 


i% 


Sassafras, 


72 


ii 


Spearmint, 


73 


ii 


Strawberry, 


72 


c( 


Winter green, 


73 


Essential Oils, 


261 


Expeditious process for Tinct. Opii Camphorata, 273 


Explosive and Inflamable Compounds, 


195 


External Piles, 


257 


Extracts Flavoring, 


131 


Extract Cinnamon, 


131 


a 


Coffee, 


131 


a 


Ginger, 


132 


ii 


Lemon, 


132 


ii 


Mead, 


133 


a 


Orris for Perfumers, 


221 


ii 


Peach, 


132 


ii 


Raspberry, 


133 


ii 


Sarsaparilla, 


131 


u 


Tonka for Perfumers, 


221 


a 


Yanilla, 


131 133 


ii 


" for Perfumers, 


221 


Eye Water, 


256^ 







INDEX. 




Fallin 


g Hair 


Eemedy for. 


244 


Fehling's Solution, 


292 


Filtration, 




53 


Flagg 


s Eelief, 


166 


Florid 


a Water, 


327 


Fluid Lightening, 


159 


u 


for Markmo: Ivory, 


282 


Fluid Extracts, Memory Work, 


56 


u 




Aloes Comp. 


62 


ii 




Blackberry Eoot Comp. 


62 


(( 




Buchu Comp. 


63 


u 




Burdock, 


61 


u 




Card am on Comp. 


62 


il 




Cimicifuga Eacemosa, 


63 


'll 




Cinchona, 


64 


u 




D ami an a. 


59 


<< 




Dandelion Comp. 


62 


u 




Grindelia, 


59 


ii 




Hops, 


59 


n 




Liquorice, 


' 69 


<< 




Pareira, 


60 


u 




Ehubarb Alkaline, 


40 


(( 




Sarsaparilla Comp. 


6fi 


u 




" and Dandelion, 


60 


l< 




Senna Comp. 


60 


ti 




Stillingia Comp. 


58 


It 




Squills Comp. 


62 


ii 




Vanilla, 


69 


ii 




Wild Cherry Comp. 


55 


ii 




Yerba Santa, 


81 


Fly Paper P( 


3ison, 


324 


Fruit Acid, 




125 


a 


Laxative, 


312 


Gargling Oil 




304 


Gelatinized Benzine, 


313 


German Bitter Tincture, 


94 


ii 


Prescriptions, 


300 


Gilberts Syrun, 


279 


Gildin 


g Pow 


der , 


276 


Golden Cerate for Corns, 


289 


Gonorrhea, 




255-256 


Grease Eradicator, 


321 


Green 


Soap, 




316 



INDEX. 



Gums, . 246 

Hair Dye Black, 242 

Brown, 242 

Buckingham's, 243 

Lightening, 241 



'' and Tonic, 241 



'' Oils, 237 

" Oil, Bears, 238 

'' '' Cocoanut, 238 

'' " Coco Toilet Cream, 239 

" '' Crescent, 239 

'' ' Golden, 240 

'' " Hickory Nut, 239 

" " New York Barber's Star, 239 

'' '' Night Blooming Cerius, 240 

" " Orange, 240 

" " Perfume for No. 1. 237 

u u u u u 2. 238 

u u u u u ^ 238 

u- u u u u ^ 238 

" Eestorative Hall's or King's, 244 

" Tonic, 245 

" BayKum, 243 

'' Landerer's, 245 

" Lavender, 245 

" . " Owen's, 245 

" Vegetable, 242 

" Walpole's, 245 

Hamlin's Wizzard Oil, 162 

Harlem Oil, 159-291 

Hembold's Buchu, 313 

Hektograph, how to make, 278 

Hemorrhage from Uterus, 252 

Himrod's Asthma Cure, 275 

Hive Syrup, 53 

Hop Bitters, 304 

License for Churches, 298 

Licompatibilities, 189 

Infusions, 49 

Infusion Columho, 51 

Diuretic, 51 



INDEX. 




'^ Gentian Comp. 


299 


'^ Peruvian Bark, 


51 


Tonic, 


51 


Ink Aniline Marking, 


318 


" Black Aniline Copying, 


315 


'^ " Office, 


315 


'^ Blue, 


315 


'' Indelible, 


318 


" New, 


316 


'' Indestructible, 


317-318 


" Invisible, 


317 


" Orange, 


316 


" Purple Marking, 


317 


^^ Eed, 


316 


'' Violet, 


315 


'' '' Copying, 


315 


Hectograph, 


316 


Insomnia, 


253 


Iodoform Cotton, 


286 


Iodized Cotton, 


286 


lodia. 


323 


James' Disinfectant Powder, 


314 


Jayne's Expectorant, 


324 


Kendall's Spavin Oil, 


319 


Kennedy's Medical Discovery, 


275 


King of Pain, 


163 


Kissengen Water, 


135 


Laird's Bloom of Youth, 


233 


Laws of Chemical Incompatibility, 


189 


Laxative Elixir Comp. 


. 306 


Lemon Oil of to Eestore Fragrance, 


303 


Lime Juice Cordial, 


312 


Liniments, 


153 


Liniment Aconite and Chloroform, 


153 


" iVrnica, 


154 


Black, 


156 


" Oil, 


164 


*' Brodies, 


156 


Asthma, 


164 


" Carpenter's, 


160 


Carter's, 


161 


" Centaur, 


156 


" Cook's Magnetic, 


172 





INDEX. 




(c 


Common, 


159 


a 


Croton, 


160 


u 


Farmington's, 


160 


u 


German, 


155 


fi 


Great African Wonder, 


155 


a 


Great Mogul, 


158 


u 


Gunn's Rheumatic, 


158 


u 


Hine's, 


164 


li 


Hobb's Kerosene, 


165 


u 


Iodide of Ammonia, 


168 


^' 


Johnson's, 


165 


li 


Loomis', 


157 


u 


Magnetic, 


158 


I i 


Manning's, 


157 


ii 


Neuralgia, 


161 


a 


Newton's, 


157 


u 


Osgood's, 


165 


a 


Pride of India, 


151 


i i 


Rheumatic, 


160 


u 


Uncle Sam's Nerve and Bone, 


166 


a 


Young's, 


155 


Liquid 


Glue, 


812 


Liquor 


Shoe Polish, 

'S, 


327 
247 


Logwood in Wine, 


290 


Lord's 


Chalk Mixture, 


322 


Lowland's Freckle Lotion, 


234 


Marble Old to Clean, 


309 


Mattel 


-n's Cream Camphor, 


161 


Menor 


rhagia, 


214 


Mettaurer's Aperient, 


299 


Metz Balsam, 


162 


Mineral Water, 


134 


a 


" Aix la Chapelle, 


138 


C( 


" Baden, 


134 


a 


" Balaruc, 


138 


u 


" Carlsbad, 


134 


iC 


" Congress, 


134 


a 


" Egar, 


134 


a 


" Enos, 


135 


(( 


" Marienbad, 


135 


a 


" Pyrmont, 


138 


u 


. ^' Sea, 


138 





INDEX. 




.i 


'• Seidlitz, 


186 


i i 


'' Seidschutz, 


186 


a 


'' Seltzer, 


136-137 


u 


" Vichy, 


237 


Mixing 


Colors, 


309 


Mixtures, 


210 


Mistura 


^ Apii Composita, 


297 


Moustache Dye, 


240 


Mucilage Oftice, 


321 


jNaroe of Poisons, 


258 


Neuralgia and Sick Headache Mixture, 


254 


New Orleans Mead, 


309 


Non-Poisonous Eat Paste, 


328 


Oil Paste Shoe Blacking, 


298 


Oil of Spike, 


308 


Ointments, 


202 


Ointment, Alum and Calomel, 


202 


u 


Basilicon, 


202 


u 


Camphor, 


202 


u 


Cantharides, 


203 


ii. 


Cazeaux Nipple, 


207 


a 


Chilblain, 


208 


u 


Comp. Butter, 


204 


u 


Croup, 


207 


u 


Eye, 


204 


u 


Favorite, 


208 


ii 


Green, 


208 


a 


Judkins, 


205 


u 


Kittridges, 


207 


u 


Magnetic, 


204 


u 


Meads, 


209 


u 


Mild Oxide Zinc, 


206 


u 


Pile No. 1, 


209 


a 


Pile No. 2, 


209 


u 


Pimple, 


208 


u 


Eadkin's Camphor, 


207 


u 


Eose water, 


203 


u 


Simple, 


202 


u 


Sisson's, 


209 


u 


Stramonium, 


203 


Opium, 


Eapid Assay of, 


302 


Osgood 


's Celebrated Affue Cure, 


324 


Oleo Eesins, 


138 



INDEX. 



Paste for labeling on tin, 311 

Peacock's Bromides, 282 

Peppermint Drops, how to make, 300 

Percolating Menstruum, 76 

Perfumers Art, 213 

Perfumes, what made of, 214 

Perfume Charlotte Cushman Bouquet, 222 

Clara Kellogg, 222 

Ess. Bouquet, 222 

Frangipani, 228 

Honeysuckle, 224 

Mignonette, 224 

Musk, 221 

New Mown Hay, 228 

Stephanotis, • 224 

Stolen Kisses, 225 

Sweet Gem of Eden, 22o 

Tea Eose, 22() 

Victoria Regia, 225 

Ylang Ylang, 22() 

Phthisis Pulmonalic and Scrofula, 258 

'' Cough of, ^ 258 

Pierce's Favorite Prescription, 304 

Phosphorous Paste, • 325 

Pills and their Excipients, 167 

" A good Excipient for, 178 

'' Ague, 180 

'' Aloes and Assafoetida, 174 

" Aloes and Iron, 176 

'' Antispasmodic, 175 

^' Arsenate of Iron, 175 

*' Asthma, 177 

'' Barclay's Anti-Billious, 181 

'* Bromide of Iron, 174 

'' Camphor and Kino, 177 

*' Chorea and Epilepsy, 181 

'' Cook's, . 179 

'' Copaiba, 174 

" Electric Liver, 179 

" Emmenagogue, 176 182 

No. 1. 175 

u 2. 176 

'' Gamboge Comp. 174 



INDf:X. 



" in Gout of the Stomach, 


177 


" Habitual Costiveness, 


178 


" Hooper's Female, 


178 


'' Howlett's Ague, 


180 


^' Ingall's, 


180 


'^ Intermittent Fever, 


176 


" Lee's, 


180 


^' Nervous Irritability, 


176 


^^ Neuralgia, 


178-181 


*' Rheumatic, 


178 


*^ Scrofulous, 


179 


** Sleep to produce. 


181 


*' Sulphate iron, 


177 


^* Quinine and Camphor, 


175 


^' Dr. Vance's Rheumatic, 


179 


*^ Webster's Dinner, 


180 


Piso's Consumption Cure, 


325 


Piatt's Chlorides, 


305 


Powders, 


184 


Powder Antimonialis, 


174 


" Aromatic, 


184 


'' Catarrh, 


288 


'^ Cretae Comp. 


185 


" Effervescense Comp. 


185 


'' Glycyrrhiza Comp. 


185 


" Ipecac et Opii, 


185 


" Jalap Comp. 


185 


Morphia Comp. 


185 


" Rhei Comp. 


185 


Prepared Flavoring, 


76 


Preparation for Removing Hair-Dye Stains, 


241 


Price's Pile Ointment, 


275 


Pruritis, 


257 


Radway's Ready Relief, 


166 


Remedy for Hemorrhoids, 


295 


Resins, 


187 


Restoration of Menses, 


254 


Safety Paper for Checks, 


299 


Salicyhc Acid Cotton, 


286 


Saline Mixture, 


30 


Salve, Becker's Eye 


205 


Deshler's, 


204 


" Green Mountain, 


205 


Petit's Eye, 


206 



INDEX. 



Shampoo Wash, 


244-246 


Shellac, 


Easy Method to Powder, 


311 


Simple Test for Cotton Seed Oil m Olive Oil, 


287 


Silver Plating Powder, 


280 


Smith's 


Electric Oil, 


159 


Soapine, 


, Analysis of. 


277 


Soap for Kemoving Stains from Clothing, 


275 


Solid Extracts, 


182 


Soluble Prussian Blue, 


294 


Solubility of Salts in Water, 


33 


5J 


" Ofticinal Chemicals in Alcohol, 


38 


Solvents for Iodoform, 


302 


Solvent Power of Glycerine, 


34 


Solutions, Memory Work, 


32 


Solution 


—Acid Hypophosphite, 


39 


u 


Arsenical (Brellie's) 


45 


u 


Bromhydric Acid, 


44 


(( 


Carbolic Acid, 


48 


n 


Caramel, 


65-124 


u 


Carmine, 


65-124 


u 


Citrate of Iron, 


48 


u 


Citric Acid, 


48 


» 


Dialysed Iron, 


42 


)? 


Donovan's, 


45 


>> 


Fowler's, 


45 


7) 


H aide's. 


45 


J) 


Hypophosphite Iron, 


39 


5) 


Hypophosphorous Acid, 


48 


?) 


Iodine [Magendie's] 


44 


)) 


Iodine Comp. 


46 


J? 


Iron and Quinine, 


37 


■?? 


Lactophosphate of Iron, 


47 


7? 


" Limo, 


41 


•5) 


Lugol's Eubefacient, 


46 


■J7 


'" Caustic Iodine, 


47 


?J 


Morphia [Officinal] 


44 


J) \ 


" [Magendie's] 


44 


?5 


Muriate Iron Tasteless, 


37 


J5 


Phosphoric Acid, 


46 


5? 


Phosphorous, Bromine and Iodine, 


43 


? ? 


Phosphate Iron, 


45 


5 ) 


Lime, 


40 


5 J 


Protoxide Iron, 


46 


}5 


Salicylic Acid, 


41 



INDEX. 



" Salicylate of Iron, 40 

Strychnia [Hall's] 44 

" Subsulphate Iron, 38 

" Sulphate Quinia. 36 

Yellow 66 

" Coloring, 66 

Sozodont, Van Buskirk's, 285 

Spasmodic Asthma, 253 

Specific Gravity, 21 

Spirits, 186 

Stamping Powder, 298 

Stearic Soap, 276 

Stoddart's Peerless Liquid, 233 

St. Jaco Oil, 154 

Strength of some Preparations, 267 

Suppositories, 187 

Syphiletic Sore throa.t, " 257 

Syrups for Soda Fountains, 124 

Syrup, Acid Phosphate, * 125 

Banana, 125 

Brandy, 125 

" Chocolate, improved, 127 

No. 1, 127 

" Cinnamon, 126 

Coffee, 126 

for Hot Soda, 127 

Cream, 126 

" Diamond, 126 

Ginger, 128 

" Lemon, 111 

Maple, 128 

Mead, 128 

Orange, ■ 128 

Peach, 128 

" Pineapple, 128 

No. 1, 128 

Kose, 129 

" Sarsaparilla, 129 

Simple, 124 

Solferino, 129 

Strawberry, 130 

Vanilla, 129 

Cream, 129 



INDEX. 



Syrups, Medicated (Memory Work) 


96 


Density of. To Determine 


100 


Filter for 


97 


" Heat employed in making, 


98 


" Table Specific Gravities, 


99 


To preserve, 


100 


" To prevent Candying, 


100 


" To prevent Fermenting, 


101 


" Quantity Sugar used in making, 


98 


Syrup Acacia, 


150 


" Acetate Morphia, 


108 


" Black Snake Eoot Comp. 


111 


" Calcium and Sodium Lactophosphate, 


108 


" Chloroform, 


105 


" Cod Liver Oil, 


112 


" Cox's Hive, 


113 


Dover's Powders, 115-280 


" Horse Radish, 


114 


Hypophosphite's Comp. 101-106-107 


" " of Lime, Soda, Potassa and Iron 


,110 


" Hypophosphite Comp of Iron, Quinine anc 


. 


Strychniue, 


no 


" Hypophosphite of Manganese, 


102 


" Hypophosphite of Potassium and Sodium, 


10() 


" Hydriodic Acid, 


293 


" Iodide of Iron, 


103 


" Iodide of Iron and QQinine, 


103 


" Lactophosphate of Lime, 


104 


No. 2, 


105 


■ " " and Pepsin, 


104 


" Licorice, 


118 


" Manna, 


111 


" Morphia Comp. 


108 


" Orange Peel, 


115 


" Fresh, 


292 


Phosphate Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, 


105 


Pinus Comp. 


112 


" Quinine and Morphia, 


114 


" " Morphia and Strychnia, 


116 


Rhubarb Aromatic, 115-116 


" " and Potassa Comp. 


117 


" Sarsapariila Comp. 


102 


" " with Iodide Calcium, 


110 





INDEX. 




" Senna Comp. 


117 


" Squills, 


115 


" Strychnia, 


118 


" " and Morphia, 


118 


Sulphate Morphia, 


109 


Quinine, 


112 


" ^Tar, 


116 


" 'Wild Cherry and Horehound, 


278 


" Wild Gmger, 


113 


Table of Maximum Doses, 


263 


Tamarind Laxative Lozenges, 


290 


Test for Purity of Castor Oil, 


282 


Testitis, 


252 


The Four Chlorides, 


281 


Thermometry, 


17 


Thomas' Electric Oil, 


277 


Thompson's Solution of Phosphorous, 


287 


Tinctures, 


52 


Tincture Alkanet, 


67 


> 


' Aloes Comp. 


55 


5 


' Aloes and Myrrh, 


65 


5 


' Allspice . 


67 


) 


' Aniline, 


66 


5 


Anise, 


67 


) 


Bromide Iodine, Colorless, 


314 


1 


' Catechu Comp. 


55 


•) 


' Cardamon Comp. 


55-297 


J 


' Cinchona Comp. 


55 


J 


Cochineal Comp. 


76 


1 


Gentian Comp. 


55 


? 


Grass. 


66 


5 


' Ipecac et. Opii, 


55 


) 


Kino and Opium, 


294 


> 


Lavender Comp. 


56 


1 


' Opium Camphorated, 


m 


1 


' Eed Saunders, 


67 


■) 


Rhei Comp. 


55 


1 


Saffron, 


66 


? 


Tolu Soluble, 


280 


Tmctures, Unofhcinal, 


54 


Tincture Blue Flag, 


54 


Cimicifuga Racemosa, 


54 


Er^ot, 


54 




' Lupulin, 


54 



INDEX, 



" Norwood's Veratum Yiride, 54 

" Nux Vomica, 54 

Turkey Corn, 54 

" Yellow Jasmine, 54 

To Filter Aques Solutions of Opium, . 290 

To Filter Solutions of Senega, 291 

To Free Glucose from Lime, 279 

To Remove Smell of Iodoform and Musk from 

Mortars, etc. 292 

To Restore Color to Cloth, 311 

To Restore Yellow Ivory to its Original Whiteness, 282 

To Turn Dark Hair to a Golden Hue, 242 

Tooth Powder, Camphorated, 284 

Cocoa Soap, 283 

Orris, 283 

Peruvian, 284 

Rose, 284 

Perfume for, 283 

Violet, 283 

Trask's Magnetic Ointment, 322 

Toilet Preparations, 230 

Tricopherous, 243 

Useful Solutions for many Gum Resins, 287 

Warner's Kidney Cure, 277 

Warburg's Tincture, 306 

Wash for Sore Nipple, 254 

Weights and Measures, 6 

Whiskers, to Promote Growth, 246 

Whooping Cough Remedy, 254 

Wines, Medicated, 120 

Wine, Beef and Iron, 123 

" Cahsaya Bark, 121 

" " Iron and Strychnia, 122 

" Iron Aromatic, 121 

" Iron Bitters, 123 

" Pancreatin, 122 

" Pepsin, 122 

Iron and Bismuth, 121 

Quinine, 121 

Tar, 121 

" Wild Cherry, 123 

(Ferrated) 122 

Yerba Santa Cough Mixture, 319 






f^'-^ 



>:^^ 












■ I ''■^'■"■,. 








^t 



^O. 



vs^:^?,^ --^ 



>r- 



' '-^^ \^- 



--^f V' 



)vs„ 



■^'^m. 






2^ i' ? 



4^*^ 






?ifci5p5f| 



■r--* 



■ tec 



^,,.J^rw>° 



3^ 



r^' 



''^&'?^M^''^ 



Q/' 



'-5* 



'.f 



^> 









